Mobile Innovations and Evolution in the Education

Ecosystem

Paul KimChief Technology Officer

Assistant DeanStanford UniversitySchool of Education

phkim@stanford.edu

All living things evolve...

So do thoughts, values, practices, organizations, etc. Therefore, evolution is everywhere around us.

Let’s study some basic terms first.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/alfredoliverani-stamps/4174269905/sizes/z/in/photostream/

Darwin (1859) proposed the idea that organisms adapt and

evolve through natural selection, creating particular ecological niches and eventually resulting in the

emergence of new species.

Natural Selection

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article//evo_39

New change is introduced to the ecosystem. Predator is part of the ecosystem and it is certainly part of the environment the species interact with.No change means extinction. Better species = More competitive service, product, delivery, etc.

Artificial Selection Interactions and Influences

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Cornselection.jpg

Natural selection => Responsive or reactive

Artificial selection processes within organizations, models, etc. = Initiative or proactive

Try out and see what works better or becomes better; Identify best practices and eliminate bad features or procedures; keep what work best; and scale up your model.

You cannot expect a change if you just think about it and never try.

A business or industry, as a living organism, often must evolve (i.e., to overcome or even leverage changes) in order to seek higher efficiencies and ensure its long-term sustainability (Kim, 2010).

Let’s look at some evolution examples from the industries.

Evolving at a slower clock speed

1969

1976

1989

1994

Boeing 747-100

Boeing 747-200

Boeing 747-400

Boeing 777-300

Take off…Land…The same wayNo faster

Value priority

Ticket Price Operation CostProfitable Routes

CallText messageTake photoEdit videoBrowseMobinarDo whatever

1981

Value priority

Expansion and Quality of User ExperienceWhen ICT is the main driver of evolution = faster clock speed

What can we learn?• If the external evolution rate exceeds the

internal evolution rate, extinction is eminent.• Adapt to the changing rules of the game. Or

die out.• We know it, but the knowing and doing gap

abounds.• Many organizations are not good at evolving

because they are busy putting out daily fires.• Organizational change requires organizational

cohesion through value alignment.Everyone is appreciating the same value.)

Education Ecosystem

New species

MYSPACE for Grand Canyon University - From “almost closing down status” in 2001. (1949-2003 / 2004-2010)Making it the first for-profit Christian college in the United States. IPO NASDAQ in 2008. As of Dec. 2009: 37,000. Major genetic mutation occurred in 2003: non-profit to for-profit. Hybrid: on-ground and online. Joined the major league http://finance.yahoo.com/

Founded in 1996Completely online. Started as non-profit and received accreditation in 2003.9000 students. 95% advanced degree seeking students. One 3-story building in the middle of desert in Arizona.Going for organic growth.

Where are all the traditional university features?

Convenient access (FlexNet, ALL-LINE)21st Century ERP system(Tightly measure all performance indicators. CRM - every interaction matters.)

Unbundled faculty rolesCloud services (Plug-n-Play) – buildings, online library DB, admission,

writing support center, IT support, everything that are not core competencies / Faculty contract by course – highly disintegrated model

Dynamically meeting the market needs

Common characteristics of emerging universities

DIY U: Edupunks, Edupreneurs and the Coming Transformation of Higher Education

It’s a story about the communities of visionaries who are using new technologies to bring us a revolution in higher learning that is affordable, accessible, and learner-centered.

What’s for sure?

Although the clock speed is still slow, more artificial selections to be made in the education ecosystem.

Another interesting phenomenon in the education ecosystem.

http://twulibrarynews.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html / http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-5032663-exam-bubble-sheet-with-pencil.phphttp://ismartboard.com/

http://studenthacks.org/category/study-help/

http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/04/iphonestanford/

Student Generated Inquiries in MobiSocial Learning Environment

Mobile Technology for

Innovative, Inclusive, Integrative, & International Education Ecosystem.

POMI 2020 Programmable Open Mobile Internet

The Stanford Clean Slate Programhttp://cleanslate.stanford.edu

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Stanford Faculty Team

Networking

Radio

Economics

Languages

OS

SecurityHCI

Applications

Architecture

Education

Dan Boneh

Monica LamDavid Mazieres

Mendel RosenblumPhil Levis

Scott Klemmer

Arogyaswami Paulraj

Nick McKeown

Ramesh Johari

John Mitchell

Christos Kozyrakis

Fouad Tobagi

Paul Kim

Distributed Systems

Guru Parulkar

Andrea Goldsmith

Last Alliance

Strike The Mouse

Global Partnership CETYS Universidad, Mexico

Migrant indigenous children from Oaxaca mountain regions

PocketSchool for those who have no access to schoolStoryReader coupled with paper stories!

Do you believe sesame street was helpful for children to learn? How about mobile sesame street? More important matter is that smartphones of today are going to be much better than just mobile sesame street.

Never owned a book in his life.

• Pocket school: Exploring mobile technology as a sustainable literacy education option for underserved children in Latin America. International Journal of Educational Development. 28(4), pp. 435-445.

• An action research for the development of mobile learning system for the underserved. Educational Technology Research & Development. 57(3), pp. 415-435.

• Socioeconomic Strata, Mobile Technology, & Education: A comparative Analysis. Educational Technology Research & Development (DOI: 10.1007/s11423-010-9172-3.

Global Partnership Universidad Technologia, El Salvador

Global Partnership Universidad Technologia, El Salvador

Mrs Erlinda Hándal VegaVice Minister of Science & Technology

Global Partnership BIRZEIT University, Palestine

No computer no Internet No LibraryExtremely underserved school 2hr/day electricity.ard to receive external aids

Mrs. Lamis Al-AlamiMinister of Education

• Digital storytelling among Israeli and Palestinian Children in the Era of Mobile Innovation. (To appear in Educational Media and Technology Yearbook, Volume 36.)

• Creativity Gap in the Global Era: Using Mobile Devices to Assess and Develop Critical Thinking Skills Among Palestinian Youth. (Forth coming).

Global Partnership Tumba College of Technology, Rwanda

Dr. GatareMinister of ICT

Civic engagement, Genocide victims with HIV/AIDS/ Micro-business-based women empowerment / Entrepreneurship & Mobile Storytelling

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Raising HIV Awareness

Counter the mis-conceptionCompetition game basedLearning HIV/AIDS & TrackLearning entrepreneurship

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Content Management and Tracking System

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PocketSchool

Do you remember why pocket-size mobile technology is different from desktop or even notebook computers?

PortabilityLess electricity consumptionEase of implementationEase of maintenancePerformance trackingIndividualized interventionThe list goes on…

Contextualized innovation vs. Reverse innovation - Much more energy efficient device. Alternative energy option for developing countries is green ideas for developed countries. Must be game-based/ activity-based in developing countries.

Value-centeredEducation Ecosystem

• Service Learning Model• Relevant and Meaningful Experiences

for everyone• Global Partnership for Global Causes• Sustainable Education Ecosystem

• Mobile technology makes a bottom up approach actually possible.

• Easier to implement in a much shorter time.• Leverage widely available cellular networks.• Equalize access to educational development

opportunities for all.• Strategic value alignment to cause evolution in

the education ecosystem (University students + Faculty + Children + Real world problems )

Really?For all?At least we are trying our best…

Alberto in a rural village school in Baja California, Mexico

“I want to study with the mobile computer, too!”

Mobile Exam and Audio Games for the blind. (Dominican Republic)

We always look for partners!

From device recognition to problem solving through collaborations.

Response tracking log

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ROSE Series – specifically covering scientific phenomena linked to climate change, alternative energy, and natural disasters.

Last-mile education solution

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PSILANon a Plug computer

Competition gamesMobile learning assessment

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Day time peak hours

Night time off-peak hours

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• Remotely Operated Science Experiment - A new approach to supplement real-time collaboration and online learning. (Forth coming).

• Stanford Mobile Inquiry-based Learning Environment (SMILE): using mobile phones to promote student inquires in the elementary classroom. (To appear in the Proceedings of World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Applied Computing. July, 2011)

• Exploration of a Self-Directed Mobile Learning Model for the Extremely Underserved Communities. (International Journal of Educational Development. 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.05.008).

• PocketSchool Interactive Learning Ad-hoc Network and HIV/AIDS Education in the Developing Region. (Forth coming).

What have I learned about sustainability?

21st Century Value-Centered Education Ecosystem

PEDAGOGY

NEW POSSIBILITIES

VALUE

APPLICABLE

CONTEXTUALIZED

NURTURE

CATALYZE

ENABLING AGENTTECHNOLOGY

CONTENT

Shared peace & prosperity, mental & physical wellbeing, unity (Afghan refugee, Uganda refugee, Nomadic Indian tribes, HIV/AIDS victims of the genocide, children in Qalqylya, Palestine, students with disabilities, Ashram Ghandi, etc.

ANSWERS “WHY?”

MOTIVATE CONSTITUENCIES

IGNITE PASSION

VCEEMust continue to evolve

The Future is Here; It's Just Not Widely Distributed, Yet.

- William Gibson

The Future is Not Widely Distributed. Therefore, It is Not Here, Yet.

- Paul Kim

Evolution never stops. Life is just a dash.What will you cause in your life?

Let’s remember Dr. Kim Foreman, Professor of Education, San Francisco State University,who died on a jungle road while striving to educate and empower future leaders of Rwanda