Going Mobile

Through The Generations

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Wireless Communication

..is the transfer of information over a distance , without the use of electrical conductors/wires.

0-GMobile radio telephone systems preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology. These systems are sometimes retroactively referred to as pre cellular (or sometimes Zero

Generation) systems.

First Mobile Radio Telephone-1924

FIRST GENERATION 1GUsed analog radio signal.Introduced in 1980’sUses FDMA

The various standards--

NMT in Nordic countries- Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland (1981)

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in the United

States(1983) and Australia (1987)

TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the United Kingdom (1983)

As Its Analog So It Was Highly Susceptible To

Noise

Traffic Was Not Encrypted So Anyone Could

Eavesdrop By Tuning To The Correct Frequency

MIGRATION FROM

1G TO 2G

SECOND GENERATION 2GIt was launched in the year 1991 in FINLAND.

2G WirelessThe technology of most current

DIGITAL mobile phones-TDMA + CDMA

Features includes:- Phone calls- Voice mail- Receive simple TEXT messages

Speed: 10kbits/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 31-41 min

Different variants of

2G

GSM(TDMA)

IS-95CDMA one

PDC(TDMA)

iDEN (TDMA)

IS-136D-AMPS

…Different variants of 2GGSM• DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM• CIRCUIT SWITCH SYSTEM

IS-95 • FIRST CDMA BASED DIGITAL CELLULAR• BRAND NAME FOR IS-95 IS CDMA1

PDC• DEVELOPED EXCLUSIVELY IN JAPAN• COMPARED TO GSM,HAS A WEAKER

BROADCAST

…Different variants of 2GI-DEN• DEVELOPED BY MOTOROLA• CAN HAVE VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED

TALKING GROUPS

D-AMPS• ADDS TDMA TO AMPS• TRIPLES THE NO. OF CALLS THAT CAN

BE HANDLED ON A SINGLE AMPS CHANNEL

2.5 GThe Best Technology now widely available

Features includes:- camera phones- high speed packet data- GPRS- Send/receive large email messages- Web browsing- Navigation/maps- New updates

Speed: 64-144kb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 6-9min

2.75GFeatures include:

I-MODE DATA SERVICE.

CAMERA PHONES.

HIGH SPEED CIRCUIT

SWITCHED

GPRS

EDGE (Enhanced Data

rates for GSM Evolution)

Migration from 2G to 3G2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs.Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan

was the first country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the

transition to 3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then

adopted 3G Networks soon after and the transition was made as

early as 2004.

3GCombines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TV

Features includes:- Phone calls/fax- Global roaming- Send/receive large email messages- High-speed Web- Navigation/maps- Videoconferencing- TV streaming

Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min

SYSTEM CAPABILITIES OF 3G

Capability To Support Circuit And Packet Data At High

Bit Rates: • 144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic • 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic • 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic

Interoperability and roaming

Common billing/user profiles: • Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers • Standardized call detail recording • Standardized user profiles

..SYSTEM CAPABILITIES OF 3G

Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal

Support of multimedia services/capabilities: • Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on demand • Multimedia mail store and forward • Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second

3G TECHNOLOGIES

UMTS- This Is Main 3G Technology That Uses WCDMA..

WCDMA (WIDEBAND CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)

- WCDMA is the higher speed transmission protocol in the UMTS

system- Radio channels are 5MHz wide.- Supports two basic modes of duplex: frequency division and time division(15 slots/radio frame). - Multiuser detection can be used to increase capacity and

coverage-operators like VODAFONE, SINGTEL, AT&T, TIM.

APPLICATION OF 3G

Audio/ Video.

VOIP.

Still image.

Moving images.

Downloading softwares.

Migration To 3G

4G

Features include:- An efficient system.- High network capacity.- Huge data rate.- Smooth hand off- Seamless connectivity & global roaming.- High quality of service.- An all IP. Packet switched network.

Speed: Suppose to allow data transfer up to 100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps indoor.

Advantage of 4G over

3G

4G networks have been particularly designed to accommodate WLANs and PANs based on Bluetooth technologies. 3G suffers bandwidth limitations to accommodate these networks

3G vs 4G

Technology 3G 4GFrequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz

Bandwidth 5-20MHz 15-200MHz

Data rate Up to 2Mbps100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary

Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

A 4G IP WIRELESS NETWORK ENJOYS A FINANCIAL ADVANTAGE OVER 3G AS WELL AS 2G.

4G EQUIPMENT COSTS ARE FOUR TO TEN TIMES CHEAPER THAN EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT-SWITCHED EQUIPMENT FOR 2G AND 3G WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Data Communications And Networking- B. A. Forouzan

www.Wikipedia.comwww.nmscommunications.comwww.mobilealliance.comEncarta Encyclopedia