From January to April 2012, a war was waged against the Maliangovernment by rebels with the goal of attaining independence for thenorthern region of Mali, known as Azawad.

It was led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA)and was part of a series of insurgencies by traditionally nomadic Tuaregs.

The MNLA was formed by former insurgents and a significant number ofheavily armed Tuaregs who fought in the Libyan civil war.

The Islamist group Ansar Dine, too, began fighting the government in laterstages of the conflict, claiming control of vast swathes of territory, As aconsequence of the instability following the coup in march.

Northern Mali's three largest cities- Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu were overrunby the rebels on three consecutive days. On 5 April, after the captureof Douentza, the MNLA said that it had accomplished its goals and calledoff its offensive. The following day, 6 April, 2012 it proclaimed Azawad'sindependence from Mali.

French and AFISMA forces have failed to crush the resistance of theterrorists. The fighting continues around the towns of Timbuktu, Gaoand Kidal. The rebellion formations are mobile enough, according toreports off and on they get into towns and cities, including Bamako.The humanitarian situation remains hard to manage. Around half amillion people have become refugees, about 300 thousand havebeen displaced.

On 1 July 2013, MINUSMA would take over the authority from the African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA)

• To stabilize the nation

• To support the Malian government against the rebellion group

• To re-establish its authority throughout the country

• European training mission, to resurrect the Malian armed forces

• Humanitarian assistance

Albert Gerard (Bert) Koenders (Netherlands)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head

of MINUSMA

Abdoulaye Bathily (Senegal)

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-

General in MINUSMA

David Gressly (United States)

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General in

MINUSMA and UN Resident Coordinator, Humanitarian

Coordinator and Resident Representative of UNDP

Major General Jean Bosco Kazura (Rwanda)

Force Commander

MULTIDIMENSIONAL (COMPLEX)Mission in Mali was one of the MultidimensionalPeacekeeping operation that had been done by the UnitedNation.

These type of operation are multi-functional missions inwhich the military component is only one part of acomprehensive political, diplomatic, humanitarian, andeconomic effort. The objective of these missions includesupporting civilian components and non-governmentalorganizations in the provision of humanitarian aid and manymore.

The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDRs)of former combatants is another new feature ofmultidimensional peacekeeping. DDRs are aimed atsupporting parties to a conflict remove weapons fromconflict areas and promote the sustainable reintegration ofex-combatants, and those associated with the armedconflict, so as to make peace irreversible.

Authorized strength

12,640 total uniformed personnel, including:

11,200 military personnel

1,440 police personnel

Current strength (28 February 2014)

7,093 total uniformed personnel6,137 military personnel

956 police (including formed units)

287 international civilian personnel

113 local civilian staff

58 United Nations Volunteers

Military personnel

Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chad, China, Côte d'Ivoire,

Denmark, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Nepal,

Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sweden,

Switzerland, Togo, United Kingdom, United States and Yemen.

Police personnel

Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire,

Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, France, Germany, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria,

Rwanda, Senegal, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia and Turkey.

Country Contributors

a. Stabilization of the situation in major cities and contribution

to the

restoration of State authority throughout the country

b. Contribution to the implementation of the roadmap for the

transition, including the national dialogue and the electoral

process

c. Protection of civilians and United Nations personnel

d. Promotion and defense of human rights

e. Support of humanitarian action

f. Support the preservation of cultural heritage

g. Action for the national and international justice

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2085

UN Security Resolution 2085 adopted unanimously on 20 December2012, authorizing the deployment of the African-led International SupportMission to Mali (AFISMA).

The force is to include Malian (5000 men strong) and international (3300)forces.

Aimed at the full restoration of Mali’s constitutional order and territorialintegrity.

United Nation Resolution 2100

The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission inMali (MINUSMA) was established by Security Council resolution 2100 of 25April 2013.

Under the terms of the resolution, the mission would support the politicalprocess and carry out a number of security-related stabilization tasks, with afocus on protecting civilians, human rights monitoring, humanitarianassistance and the return of displaced person.

MINUSMA would comprise up to 11,200 military personnel, includingreserve battalions capable of deploying rapidly within the country as andwhen required, and 1,440 police (comprising formed police units andindividual police officers).

The mission was still on going until now (2014), even

though there has been important progress in the return

of state authority to the north and in the overall security

environment in Mali, the situation in the north remains

tense.

There have been reports of intra-communal violence in

the north as well as sporadic skirmishes between the

Malian Defence and Security Forces (MDSF).

Threat of terrorist attack remains as reflected in the

Council’s 16 July presidential statement that it

“continues to be gravely concerned about the activities

in the Sahel region of terrorist organisations.

ISSUES

• A key overarching issue is to stabillise the security situation in

northern

Mali

• Effective implementation of the Ouagadougou Agreement without

further deferring the peace talks with communities in the north.

• Ensuring that citizen in the remotes areas of the north, refugees

and

people who came of age since 2009 are allowed to vote in the

• upcoming legislative elections.

Ensuring that all MINUSMA troops meet the UN’s human rights

standards.

CHALLENGE

• Shortfalls in operational capacity

• Lack of critical enabling unit such as logistics, engineering and

transport

units.

• There is no equipment and sufficient military aviation capabilities.

•Nigeria decided to withdraw its troops from MINUSMA.

• 1.4 million people in need of immediate food assistance, 342,033

( internally displaced person) and 175,282 refugees in

neighbouring

country