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MAHATMAGANDHIUNIVERSITY

Ph.DProgrammeinBotany

BotanyPh.DCourseWorkExaminationDecember2015

PAPER/COURSE–II–BIOLOGICALTECHNIQUES

Time:ThreeHours Maximum:80Marks

PartA

Answeranytwelveofthefollowing

Eachquestioncarries5marks

1. Describethephysiologicalandbiochemicalchangesduringfruitripening

2. Giveadiagrammaticrepresentationofphotosyntheticelectrontransportchain.

3. Brieflydescribe:(a).Isoelectricfocusing;and(b).Henderson‐Hasselbalchequation.

4. WhatistheworkingprincipleofGCMS?Specifytheapplications.

5. Describethetechniqueusedfortheseparationandidentificationofpigments.

6. Explaintheprinciplesofcentrifugation.Describebrieflytheapplicationof

ultracentrifugation.

7. Explaintheroleofchemicalsusedintheisolationofnucleicacids

8. Brieflydescribethepreparationofspecimenbymicrotometechniquesforplant

anatomicalstudies.

9. Whataremolecularmarkers?Brieflydescribethemajortypes.

10. Howcanyouevaluatethelevelanddiversityofmycorrhizasassociatedwithplant

roots?

11. Whatisphytoremediation?Describethetechniquesadopted.

12. Brieflydescribethesamplingtechniquesadoptedforsoilanalysis

13. Describetheimmunologicaltestsbasedonagglutinationandprecipitation

reactions.

14. Giveabriefdescriptiononthemaintenanceofanimalcellsinculture.

15. Describethemethodsusedforprotoplastisolationandculture

16. Describethesterilizationtechniquesusedinplanttissuecultures.

(12X5=60marks)www.easy

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PartB

AnsweranytwoofthefollowingEachquestioncarries10marks

17. Describethemethodsusedfortheisolation,purificationandestimationofalkaloids

fromplantsamples.

18. Brieflydescribethevarioustypesofmicroscopeswiththeirworkingprinciplesand

applications.

19. ExplaintheroleofGISandremotesensinginplantdiversityanalysis.

20. Discussthedifferentmethodsusedforgenetransferinplants.Mentiontheroleof

reportergenes.BrieflydescribethethreetiersystemofregulationofGMresearchin

India.

(2X10=20marks)

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