Method Of Modern Construction

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AMITY UNIVERSITY

AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING

SEMINAR GUEST LECTURE &WORK SHOP FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Course :B.Arch

Faculty :Ar Vibha Upadhyaya

‘‘MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY”

By Shourya Puri III semester

CERTIFICATE

AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

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This is to certify that Shourya puri student of B.Arch has carried out the work presented in the research of the Seminar

Guest Lecture & Workshop For Skill Development Entitled “Modern construction technology” as part of Second- Year

programme of Bachelor of Architecture from Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Rajasthan,

under my supervision.

DATE:20/10/2014

AR. VIBHA UPADHYAYA

RESEARCH GUIDE

ASAP, AUR


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this research. I want to thank to

AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN for giving me such a great opportunity to work on this resaearch. I am bound to

the Honorable MS Vibha Upadhyaya mam who had given me such a great chance to prove myself…..

My classmates supported me in my research work. I want to thank them for all their help, support, interest and valuable

hints. Especially I obliged to my teachers who are providing me knowledge about my core subjects……Finally, I take

this opportunity to complete my research by giving my hundred percent……

Especially, I would like to give my special thanks to all the persons who helped me in this research…….

With warm regards,

Shourya Puri


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INTRODUCTION

With developments in technology, general construction knowledge and manufacturing processes, Modern construction technology have

evolved from the more conventional methods to a large extent.Modern construction technology can be defined as those that provide greater

efficiency in the construction process, resulting in increased production, better quality, in less time and with less waste, so reducing the

environmental impact. Modern construction technology is a process to produce more, better quality homes in less time.

Modern construction technology is a collective term used to describe a number ofconstruction methods. The methods being introduced into

the world house building differ significantly from so-called conventional construction methods such as brick and block.

In this report, we use the term MCT(modern construction technology) ,This is because this term is increasingly being used and because it also

includes several important new types of construction methods that involve some element of fabrication on site.

Advanced technologies in housing construction are not used as frequently as the more standard construction technologies, which involve the

use of masonry, timber, and concrete. However, as with other innovations, it is expected that over time these newer technologies will gain

wider acceptance. For purposes of the World Housing Encyclopedia, advanced technologies include seismic isolation and passive-energy

dissipation devices.

Modern construction technology are about better products and processes. They aim to improve business efficiency, quality, customer

satisfaction, environmental performance, sustainability and the predictability of delivery timescales. Modern methods of construction are,

therefore, more broadly based than a particular focus on product. They engage people and process to seek improvement in the delivery and

performance of construction.

AIM &OBJECTIVE

1) The first objective is to achieve the modern aspects of the modern construction throughout the world and to aware the people of the

modern construction technology so as to save time , money ,resources , and energy.

2)The objective of the research is to develop a detailed study of the current level of use of Modern construction technology and market size

in different construction like cladding, concrete walls and floors,flat slabs ,precast foundation,volumetric modules etc.

The aim of this report is to make the construction market aware of the modern construction technology and to know benefits and methods so

as to provide greater efficiency in the construction process, resulting in increased production, better quality, in less time and with less waste,

so reducing the environmental impact on earth.

METHODOLOGY

My study involves the online research of the topic “Modern Construction Technology”. Securing information by discussing with the faculties

of AMITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING. Also by visiting library for the research of my topic “Modern Construction

Technology” in books for detailed study and knowledge.

SCOPE

The scope of this report is to make the use of modern construction technology and their materials throughout the world for minimal use of

natural resources and to save it for future generation.


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LIMITATIONS

As the topic “Modern Construction Technology” is very enormous and massive. Therefore ,it not possible to covers all the topic and chapters

in this report.Therefore , this report has limited topics related to “Modern Construction Technology” which are as follows:-

1)Concrete Walls and Floors.

2)Precast Cladding Panels.

3)Precast Flat Panel System.

4)Volumetric Modules.

5)Twin Wall Technology.

6)Flat slabs.

7)Thin Joint Masonary.

8)Concrete Formwork.

9)Precast Foundation.

CASE STUDY

Concrete walls and floors

Concrete walls is an eclectic category with options for everything: seat walls; decorative interior or exterior finishes; sound walls that abut a freeway;

retaining walls to hold back the earth; to the very walls that comprise the exterior of a home.Concrete has become the new flooring material of choice for

designers and homeowners across the United States. Concrete floors are popping up in retail stores, trendy restaurants, offices, and homes everywhere.

Whether it's acid-stained, painted, overlays, microtoppings, radiant floors, or a unique personal floor, concrete floors offer a range unlike any other

material. Concrete flooring, sometimes referred to as cement flooring, no longer has to be gray and boring. Now coloring concrete or applying textures,

patterns, saw cuts, etc., can bring new life to this traditional substrate.

One of the major benefits of concrete floors is their affordability compared to other flooring options. Installing a decorative concrete floor can be quite

cost-effective, particularly if you already have a concrete slab that’s ready for staining, polishing or application of a coating or overlay. A basic concrete

floor will carry a comparable price tag to linoleum, vinyl, ceramic tile or carpet. While a more complex concrete floor design will run you about the same

or slightly less than marble, granite, slate, or high-end wood. Furthermore, the lifetime cost of a concrete floor is very low because they require little

upkeep and last for years.

A second thing that attracts business and homeowners to concrete flooring is its ease of maintenance. When properly sealed concrete floors can be cleaned

with a quick pass of a dust mop. For an occasional deep clean a neutral cleaner and water can be used. The frequency of maintenance is dependent on the

amount of traffic the floor receives. Restaurants and businesses with considerable foot traffic may want to use a sacrificial floor wax in addition to a sealer

to further protect from abrasion.

Here are some additional benefits of concrete floors according to Barbara Sargent of Kemiko Concrete Floor Stains:

They enhance the integrity of architect's designs.

They are easy to change, especially if you sell your home; the next owner can place carpet or wood on top of the concrete slab.

They are great in regions with a lot of sand or snow.

They are a good alternative to carpet if you have allergies.


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Figure 1:Concrete Floor


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Figure 2:Concrete wall

Precast Cladding Panels

Precast concrete panels are reinforced concrete units available in a wide range of mixes, colours and finishes. Finishes can include acid-

etched, smooth or coarse ground, grit or sand-blasted, rubbed or polished. Mixes designed to resemble natural stone can also be produced.

Highly articulated designs can be accommodated by the mouldable concrete mix.

Benefits

Faster programme times - not affected by weather or labour shortages.

Improves buildability.

Early enclosure of dry envelope enables follow-on trades to start sooner.

Produces a high standard of workmanship in factory conditions - reduces potential for accidents, addresses on-site skill shortage.

Has a high quality finish that can be left exposed - concrete's thermal properties can be exploited in low-energy buildings


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Figure 3:ACP Cladding

Precast Flat Panel System

Floor and wall units are produced off-site in a factory and erected on-site to form robust structures, ideal for all repetitive cellular projects.

Panels can include services, windows, doors and finishes. Building envelope panels with factory fitted insulation and decorative cladding

can also be used as load-bearing elements. This offers factory quality and accuracy, together with speed of erection on-site.


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Figure 4:Panel system

Volumetric modules

3D Volumetric construction (also known as modular construction) involves the production of three-dimensional units in controlled factory

conditions prior to transportation to site.

Modules can be brought to site in a variety of forms, ranging from a basic structure to one with all internal and

external finishes and services installed, all ready for assembly. The casting of modules uses the benefits of factory conditions to create

service-intensive units where a high degree of repetition and a need for rapid assembly on-site make its use highly desirable.


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Figure 5:Volumetric Module

Twin Wall Technology

Twinwall technology is a walling system that combines the speed of erection and quality of precast concrete with the structural integrity of in-

situ concrete to provide a hybrid solution. The prefabricated panels comprise two slabs separated and connected by cast-in lattice girders. The

units are placed, temporarily propped, then joined by reinforcing and concreting the cavity on site. Twinwall is usually employed in

association with precast flooring systems.

The panels are manufactured to exacting tolerances, have a high quality finish, and can incorporate cast-in cable ducts, electrical boxes and

service ports. Installation rates are of up to 100m2 per hour. Twinwall has excellent inherent fire resistance and acoustic performance.


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Figure 6:Twin Wall Technology

Flat Slabs

Flat slabs are highly versatile elements widely used in construction, providing minimum depth, fast construction and allowing flexible column

grids.Because this is one of the most common forms of construction, all construct members and many other concrete frame contractors can

undertake this work. Flat slabs are particularly appropriate for areas where tops of partitions need to be sealed to the slab soffit for acoustic or

fire reasons. Flat slabs are considered to be faster and more economic than other forms of construction, as partition heads do not need to be

cut around downstand beams or ribs.


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Flat slabs can be designed with a good surface finish to the soffit, allowing exposed soffits to be used. This allows exploitation of the

building’s thermal mass in the design of heating, ventilation and cooling requirements, increasing energy efficiency.Flat slabs provide the

most flexible arrangements for services distribution as services do not have to divert around structural elements.

Figure 7:Flat Slab

Figure 8:Flat Panel

Figure 9:Flat Panel


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Figure 10:Flat Panel

Thin Joint Masonary

In masonry, mortar joints are the spaces between bricks, concrete blocks, or glass blocks, that are filled with mortar or grout. Mortar joints

can be made in a series of different fashions, but the most common ones are raked, grapevine, extruded, concave, V, struck, flush, weathered

and beaded.

In order to produce a mortar joint, the mason must use one of several types of jointers (slickers), rakes, or beaders. These tools are run

through the grout in between the building material before the grout is solid and create the desired outcome the mason seeks

Thin joint blockwork (thin joint masonry) is a fast, clean, accurate system for construction using autoclaved aerated concrete blocks of

close dimensional tolerance with 2mm-3mm mortar joints.Thin layer mortar is a pre-mixed cement-based product that only requires the

addition of water to make an easily-applied mortar.The benefits offered by thin layer mortars are provided by a system with many of the

characteristics of traditional blockwork construction.


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Figure 11:Brick Masonary

Concrete Formwork

Formwork is a structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support until it is

able to support itself. It consists primarily of the face contact material and the bearers that directly support the face contact

material. Formwork systems used for concrete frame construction have continued to develop significantly since the early 1990s. The major

innovations have focused on on-site efficiency of production, health and safety, and environmental issues, driving the concrete construction

industry towards ever-increasing efficiency. Different formwork systems provide a wide range of concrete construction solutions that can be

chosen to suit the needs of a particular development.

Traditional formwork for concrete construction normally consisted of bespoke solutions requiring skilled craftsmen. This type of formwork

often had poor safety features and gave slow rates of construction on-site and huge levels of waste.

The main types of formwork systems in use now are:

Table form/flying form

System column formwork

Horizontal panel

Slip form

Tunnel form

The modern formwork systems listed above are mostly modular, which are designed for speed and efficiency. They are designed to provide

increased accuracy and minimize waste in construction and most have enhanced health and safety features built-in.


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Figure 12:Concrete Framework

Precast Foundation

Precast concrete foundation and wall panels can take many forms. Some consist of steel-reinforced concrete ribs that run vertically and horizontally in the panels. Others are solid precast concrete panels. Panels are precast and cured in a controlled factory environment so weather delays can be avoided. A typical panelized foundation can be erected in four to five hours, without the need to place concrete on site for the foundation. The result is a foundation that can be installed in any climate zone in one sixth of the time needed for a formed concrete wall.

Some manufacturers cast the concrete against foam insulation that provides the form during manufacture and added R-value in the wall. Panels range in size from 2'-12' in width by 8' - 12' in height and are typically installed with a crane on top of 4" to 6" of compacted stone. The stone facilitates sub-slab drainage and adequately carries and transfers the load from the foundation wall. Panel connections consist of bolts and sealant. The foundation can be backfilled as soon as it is braced per manufacturer's specifications.

The controlled temperature of the processing plant allows the manufacturer to work with concrete admixtures that focus on ultimate strength rather than cure time and temperature. Manufacturers are able to produce mixes that harden to 5,000 psi, which is stronger than concrete block or concrete walls formed and cast in the field. Better control of the concrete mixture and curing environment allows the use of low water/cement ratios that results in a dense material that prevents water penetration.


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Figure 13:Precast foundation

Conclusion

The benefits of modern methods of construction are too positive to be ignored.. Modern methods of construction can provide large numbers

of sustainable, well-designed homes in a short period of time. Modern methods of construction also afford an opportunity to overcome the

skills shortage in the construction industry through factory production.. Modern methods of construction will be a key tool in addressing this

challenge and should be viewed as an opportunity for the house building sector to increase capacity and choice in the housing market.Modern

construction technology have evolved from the more conventional methods to a large extent.Modern construction technology is those that

provide greater efficiency in the construction process, resulting in increased production, better quality, in less time and with less waste, so

reducing the environmental impact. Modern construction technology is a process to produce more, better quality homes in less time.

Biblography


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1) Wikipedia

2) http://www.concretecentre.com.

3)google.com

4) www.precaststructures.

5)Strength of materials : R S Khurmi

6)Strength of Materials : B C Punamia

7)Engineering materials: Rangvala


http://www.precaststructures/

http://www.concretecentre.com/

Education

Method Of Modern Construction