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third integration dialogue
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Hydrogeochemistry as a tool for coastal aquifers management
The case of the Bou Areg aquifer and the Nador Lagoon (Morocco)
Re Viviana, PhDCa' Foscari University of Venice (Italy) & National Engineering School of Sfax (Tunisia)[email protected]
The Study Area
• Semi-arid climate (300mm/y)• No regular rain season• Agricultural activities cover more than 62% of the Bour-Areg plain area
Issues
Increase in water demand /Overexploitation
Water Scarcity
Saline Water Intrusion
Water Pollution
Food Security
Coastal AquiferArid/ Semi-Arid climate
Population Growth• Internal migration• Tourism
Agricultural Activities
Urban and Industrial development
Project Goals• Overall objectives
– Support science based management practices– Provide data on water quality in the Bou-Areg coastal aquifer and the
Lagoon of Nador
• Specific objectives – Assessment of the natural groundwater quality (baseline conditions)– Evaluation of deviations from the natural conditions – Assessment of aquifer/lagoon interactions, evaluation of groundwater
quality discharging in the lagoon
Methods– Hydrogeological investigation– Geochemical analysis of major and trace element– Isotope geochemistry (δ18O, δ2H, δ18ONO3 ,δ15NNO3, δ13CDIC, δ11B) – Statistical data treatment
Work performed with contribution of:Prof.G.M. Zuppi (Scientific Coordinator)Prof. N. El Hamouti and Mr. R. Bouchnan Faculté pluridisciplinaire de Nador,
Universitè de Oujda (Morocco)Prof. N. El Amrani, Universitè Hassan I Settat (Morocco)Prof. E. Sacchi, Università degli studi di Pavia (Italy)Dr. E. Allais and ISO4 s.n.c. (Italy)Dr. T. Lovato, Euro Mediterranean Center For Climate Change (Italy)Prof. J.Mas-Pla and Dr. A Menciò, University of Girona (Spain)And with the support of the Italian Ministry for the Environment Land and Sea
Results• Sodium-chloride type• High natural salinity,
mainly due to water-rock interaction processes (dissolution of evaporative rocks and carbonates)
• Agricultural return flow: main contribution to groundwater salinization especially in the central part of the aquifer
• [NO3-] often exceeding
WHO limits• High dependency on
seasonal variations
Results
Oued SelouaneIrrigation Channel
Agricultural return flowWater-rock interactions
Results
URBAN
RURAL
Identify the main anthropogenic sources of groundwater pollution
Understand the governing factors of groundwater vulnerability
UNDERSTANDING THE HYDROGEOLOGYC SYSTEM & THE ASSOCIATED BEHAVIOR OF CONTAMINANTS: A NECESSARY STEP IN GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Conclusions• HIGH AQUIFER SALINITY due to the coexistence of dissolution processes,
water-rock interactions, and human impacts due to agricultural return flows
Saline water intrusion from the lagoon in the shallow aquifer is negligible, while discharge of polluted groundwater into the lagoon has been found to partially alter its quality
• HIGH NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS associated with two main drivers for human induced pollution: (i) manure and septic effluents, (ii) synthetic fertilizers
• HIGH AQUIFER VULNERABILITY • HIGH DEPENDENCY ON SEASONAL VARIATIONS
Management implications• Need for improving the understanding of groundwater quality• Control of applied irrigation volumes and identification alternative
irrigation sources to improve groundwater quality
• Enhance public participation and the involvement of local farmer associations to enforce adequate groundwater protection
Re V., 2011
Hydrogeochemistry as a management tool
Water quality assessment
Pollution sources
identification
Vulnerability assessment
Science based
management pracrices
• Identification of recharge processes • Separating baseline conditions from anthropogenic
impacts• Identification of groundwater and surface water
Interaction• Identification of mixing processes
• Contaminant-specific vulnerability assessment
• Support the development of effective (science-based) policies for reducing contaminant loads and protecting water resources
• Promotion of stakeholder engagement and public participation
• Development of participatory monitoring assessment
Thank you for your attention
Merci pour votre attention
النتباهكم شكرًا
In loving memoriy of Prof. Gian Maria Zuppi