I. Introduction to Approaches of

Counselling

I. Theoretical Approaches of

Counselling

I. Psychoanalytical Approach of

Counselling

Introduction to Approaches of

Counselling :-Problems varies so does the solution & also same

single problem can be handled in several ways. Hence

various techniques of Guidance & Counselling have

been devised by psychologists.

None of them is a panacea for all kinds of

problems. Each of them have their own merits &

limitations & hence all Guidance & Counselling

approaches have been rooted in theories of learning or

theories of personality

Theoretical Approach of

Counselling

Behavioural

Counselling

Psychoanalytic

Counselling

Cognitively Oriented

Counselling

Conducive Condition

Counselling

According to English & English (1958),it is thatpsychotherapy using any psychological technique inthe treatment of mental disorder or maladjustments bypersonal consultations. It includes faith cure,suggestions, hypnosis, psychoanalysis, provision ofrest, assurance, advice, consultation, designed torelieve anxiety, psychodrama etc.

Psychoanalytical Approach of

Counselling :

Basic Tenets

– Id, Ego and Superego: The three parts of the personality.

– Stages of Development: Oral, anal, phallic, latency period and genital.

– Defense mechanisms: Repression, projection, reaction formation, fixation, regression.

Basic Tenets

Dreams: Dreams are viewed as the gateway to the unconscious.

Catharsis: The release of pent-up emotion.

Corrective Emotional Experience: The therapist helps clients alter their self-perceptions and behavior.

Treatment Procedures– Therapy is long-term and focuses on exploring unconscious

issues through interpretation, dream analysis, free association, transference and other methods.

– Detachment: The therapist is detached, objective and neutral so that the client can project onto the therapist things from the client’s unconscious.

– Transference: Traditionally, transference is a projection of unconscious desires onto the therapist.

– Countertransference: This are projections the therapist makes onto the client.

General Principles• Help the person to tell his or her story.

• Establish a solid working alliance.

• Deal with resistance.

• Gather background information and history.

• Select the problem or issue to be worked on.

• Explore the precipitating events.

• Collaborate with the client to form a diagnosis and treatment plan.

• Increase the client’s awareness regarding defensiveness.

• Revisit resistance to interventions.

• Explore the client’s transference.

• Monitor the therapist’s countertransference.

• Examine how the past is impacting the present.

• Help the client behave more effectively.

• Provide feedback and confront discrepancies.

• Negotiate with the client regarding homework assignments.

• Remind the client of the termination date.

• End therapy as agreed upon with the client.

• Schedule follow-up as needed.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Limitations

Doesn’t take all the client’s needs into consideration. (e.g. sometimes clients have a need to be alone or regress.)

Psychoanalysis isn’t for everyone and it is still long in duration compared to more brief theories.

The writings of some psychoanalytic theorists (Freud and Jung In particular) are technical and hard to read.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Use with Diverse Populations

– Psychoanalytic theory tends to be seen as male and elitist in origin.

– Patriarchy and domination are often associated with it.

– Can be useful in helping diverse groups learn how to present their concerns in relationship to past oppressive history.

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