Matter

What is the MatterMatter is everything around us-Matter is anything that occupies a space.However, light, sound and heat ARE NOT

Matter because they don’t occupy space.

Properties of MatterThe properties of Matter describe how Matter

looks , feels or acts. They include shape, color, size and texture.

There are tree properties common to all types of Matter: Mass, Volume, Density.

Mass: Describes how much matter is in object and it is measured is grammes.

Volume: Is the space an object occupies. Volume is measured in liters.

Density: is the amount of mass in each unit of volume.

States of matter

There are three states of matter:Solid: Matter has a definite shape an volume.Liquid: Matter has a definite volume bat not a

definite shape. Gaseous: Matter doesn’t have a definite

shape

or volume .

Changes in states of matter

Fussion: is the change from solid to liquid.

Condensation: is the change from gas to liquid.

Evaporation: is the change from the liquid to gas.

Solidification: is the change from liquid to solid.

Pictures of States of matter and Changes in States of matter

Pures subtances: Salt and iron. Mixtures: they are made of two or pure

substances. Ex : A sandwich.Homogeneous: you can’t distinguish the

components . Ex: Sea water, air.Heterogeneous: We can identify and separate

the components. Ex: sandwich.

Classifying Matter:Pures and Mixtures

Separating MixturesEvaporaration

Can be used to separate a substance from a liquid.

This is a evaporation process.

DistillationDistillation is a way of separating liquid. We

can heat a liquid mixture. Then we can capture the vapours caused

by the boiling and cool them until they condense.

Each liquid evaporates at a specific temperate. Water boils at 100ºC, and alcohol at 80ºC.

Filtration Is another way of separating solids from a

liquid. Filtration is passing a mixture of liquid and solids trough a permeable material called a filter. A liquid can pass trough the filter, but a solid can’t. Every time you use a coffee machine to make coffee, you use filtration.

There is a photo of filtration.

Decantation• Can be used to separate two liquids of

different densities. This process consists of leaving the mixture. When you open the tap, the liquid with the highest density comes out first.

There is one photo ofDecantation.

Physical ChangesEvery time you change the way matter looks, make

a physical change. When we cut some paper, changes the physical state of matter.Physical changes change the size, shape and texture of matter but the matter still has the properties.

Expansion and contractionDuring contraction and expansion matter doesn’t change from on state. according to the temperature, the material expands or contracts. where a matter is heated, it expands and when cooled, cools, it contracts.

Chemical changes

Combustion When a match is lit,

combustion takes place. During this chemical change, heat and light are created. In combustion, the matter that burns is called fuel. To burn the fuel, we also need oxygen and a sufficiently high temperature.

OxidationObjects containing

iron react with oxygen in the air. This chemical reaction can also affect organic matter. When you cut an apple, after a short time you can see that its color changes!

FermentationMicroorganisms

change high-sugar substances into another substance. This process is called fermation. Oxygen doesn’t take part in this process.