Maths A - Chapter 01

1

syllabussyllabusrrefefererenceenceStrand:Financial mathematics

Core topic:Managing money 1• Earning money

In thisIn this chachapterpter1A Calculating salary

payments1B Calculating wages1C Commission and royalties1D Payment by piece1E Working overtime1F Additions to and deductions

from gross pay

Earning money

MQ Maths A Yr 11 - 01 Page 1 Wednesday, July 4, 2001 2:17 PM

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M a t h s Q u e s t M a t h s A Ye a r 1 1 f o r Q u e e n s l a n d

Introduction

Karla will finish school in three months and has plans of joining the workforce. She has never had paid employment before. Many of her friends have part-time work and talk about ‘pay rates’, ‘overtime’ and ‘tax’ — it is all a mystery to her.

Karla should know about these things because, in the end, she is the only person to look out for her own best interests. Is she paid at the correct rate? Are the pay calculations accurate? Is she paying the appropriate tax? Is she maximising her income?

1

Calculate 25% of 300.

2

What is 4.5% of 280?

3

Reduce 4500 by 15%.

4

Write 25 out of 220 as a percentage.

5

A car travels at 80 km/h. How far does it travel in 5 hours at this speed?

6

A man assembles 24 machines in one day. How long will it take him to assemble 500

machines at this rate?

Let us begin to answer Karla’s questions. She will find that different occupationsmay calculate pay in different ways.

Calculating salary payments

Methods of payment

A payment received by an employee for doing a job iscalled

income

. There are many different ways people arepaid for performing a job. In this section we are going tolook at some of these methods of payment: salaries,wages, commission, royalties, piecework and overtime.

Perhaps after some further study, Karla will take up aprofessional occupation. In this case she will probably bepaid a salary.

Salaries

Many people employed in professional occupations are paid asalary. Such employees include teachers, lawyers, accountants

and some doctors.

A lecturer is paid a salary.

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EET 1.1

SkillSH

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MQ Maths A Yr 11 - 01 Page 2 Friday, July 6, 2001 9:40 AM

C h a p t e r 1 E a r n i n g m o n e y

3

A

salary

is a fixed amount of money that is paid to employees to do their jobs. Theamount paid does not change, regardless of the number of hours worked.

Salaries are usually calculated on an annual basis. A salary is therefore usually statedas an amount

per annum

, which means

per year

. Salaries are paid in weekly, fortnightlyor monthly amounts. To make calculations about salaries you will need to remember thefollowing information.

1 year

=

52 weeks

=

26 fortnights

=

12 months

We reverse this calculation when we are given the weekly, fortnightly or monthly payof a person and are then asked to calculate the annual salary.

To compare a salary payment with other forms of income it may be necessary to calcu-late the equivalent daily or hourly payment. To do this we need to know the number ofdays or hours worked per week.

Dimitri works as an accountant and receives an annual salary of $46 800. Calculate thepay that Dimitri is paid each fortnight.

THINK WRITE

There are 26 fortnights in a year, so we divide $46 800 by 26.

Fortnightly pay = $46 800 ÷ 26

Evaluate. Fortnightly Pay = $1800

1WORKEDExample

Grace is a solicitor who is paid $3500 per month. Calculate Grace’s annual salary.

THINK WRITE

There are 12 months in a year, so multiply $3500 (monthly pay) by 12.

Annual salary = $3500 × 12

Evaluate. Annual salary = $42 000

1

2

2WORKEDExample

Charlotte works as a laboratory technician and ispaid an annual salary of $41 560. If Charlotte worksan average of 42 hours per week, calculate herequivalent hourly rate of pay.

THINK WRITE

Calculate the weekly pay by dividing the salary by 52.

Weekly pay = $41 560 ÷ 52= $799.23

Calculate the hourly rate by dividing the weekly pay by 42.

Hourly rate = $799.23 ÷ 42= $19.03

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3WORKEDExample


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Calculating salary payments

1

Toni is paid a salary of $44 200 per annum. Calculate Toni’s fortnightly pay.

2

Roger is paid a salary of $49 920 per annum. Calculate Roger’s weekly pay.

3

Frieda is paid a salary of $54 000 per annum. Calculate Frieda’s monthly pay.

4

Wendy works as an office secretary and is paid a salary of $38 740 per annum.Calculate Wendy’s pay if she is paid:

a

weekly

b

fortnightly

c

monthly.

5

Darren earns a salary of $43 000 per annum. Calculate Darren’s fortnightly paycorrect to the nearest cent.

6

Copy and complete the table below for food production employees.

7

Maxine is paid a salary. She receives $460 per week. Calculate Maxine’s annualsalary.

8

Thao receives $1250 per fortnight. Calculate Thao’s annual salary.

9

Deidre is paid monthly and receives $5800. Calculate Deidre’s annual salary.

Annual salary Weekly pay Fortnightly pay Monthly pay

$30 000

$39 500

$42 250

$54 350

$86 475

remember1. A salary is a fixed payment made for doing a job.2. A salary is usually calculated on an annual basis and can be paid in weekly,

fortnightly or monthly instalments.3. To calculate information about equivalent daily or hourly rates of pay we need

information about the number of days and hours worked by the employee.

remember

1AWORKEDE xample

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WORKEDExample

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C h a p t e r 1 E a r n i n g m o n e y 510

Which of the following people receives the greatest salary?A Goran, who receives $530 per week.B Bryan, who receives $1075 per fortnight.C Wayne, who receives $2330 per month.D Ron, who receives $27 900 per annum.

11 Fiona receives a salary of $29 700 per annum. If Fiona works an average of 40 hoursper week, calculate the equivalent hourly rate of pay.

12 Jade receives a salary of $33 000 per annum.a Calculate Jade’s weekly pay, correct to the nearest cent.b Jade works an average of 36 hours each week. Calculate the hourly rate to which

Jade’s salary is equivalent. Give your answer correct to the nearest cent.

13 Karina is on an annual salary of $35 776. Letitia is on a wage and is paid $16.00 perhour.a Calculate Karina’s weekly pay.b If Karina works an average of 42 hours per week, calculate whether Karina or

Letitia receives the better rate of pay.

14 Garry earns $42 500 per year while his friend Henry earns $18.50 per hour. Calculate the number of hours that Henry will need to work each week to earn more money than Garry does.

Calculating wagesIf Karla is like most people in the workforce, she will probably earn a wage. A wage is paid at an hourly rate.

The hourly rate at which a person is usually paid is called an ordinary rate. The wage for each week is calculated by multiplying the ordinary rate by the number of hours worked during that week.

To compare two people’s wages, we can’t just look at the amount of money eachreceives in a pay packet. We must also consider the number of hours each has worked.Wages are compared by looking at the hourly rate. To calculate the hourly rate of anemployee we need to divide the wage by the number of hours worked.

mmultiple choiceultiple choice

WORKEDExample

3

Sadiq works as a mechanic and is paid $13.65 per hour. Calculate Sadiq’s wage in a week where he works 38 hours.

THINK WRITE

Multiply $13.65 (the hourly rate) by 38 (the number of hours worked).

Wage = $13.65 × 38Wage = $518.70

4WORKEDExample


6 M a t h s Q u e s t M a t h s A Ye a r 1 1 f o r Q u e e n s l a n d

Using a similar method we are able to calculate the number of hours worked by anemployee, given their wage and hourly rate of pay. The number of hours worked isfound by dividing the wage by the hourly rate.

In some cases, wages are increased because an allowance is paid for working inunfavourable conditions. An allowance is an additional payment made when theworking conditions are difficult or unpleasant.

For example, a road worker may be paid an allowance for working in the rain. Inthese cases the allowance must be multiplied by the number of hours worked in theunfavourable conditions and this amount added to the normal pay.

This type of allowance is also paid to casual workers. When you are employed on acasual basis you do not receive any holiday pay and you do not get paid for days youhave off because you are sick. The casual rate is a higher rate of pay to compensate forthis.

Georgina works 42 hours as a data entry operator for a computer company. Her wage forthe week totalled $483.84. Calculate Georgina’s hourly rate of pay.

THINK WRITE

Divide $483.84 (the wage) by 42 (number of hours worked).

Hourly rate = $483.84 ÷ 42Hourly rate = $11.52

5WORKEDExample

Ryan is a road worker and is paid$9.45 per hour for a 35-hour week.For working on wet days he is paid awet weather allowance of 86c perhour. Calculate Ryan’s pay if for 12hours of the week he works in therain.

THINK WRITE

Calculate Ryan’s normal pay by multiplying $9.45 (hourly rate) by 35 (number of hours worked).

Normal pay = $9.45 × 35= $330.75

Calculate the wet weather allowance by multiplying 0.86 (the wet weather allowance) by 12 (number of hours worked in the wet).

Allowance = $0.86 × 12= $10.32

Add the normal pay to the wet weather allowance to calculate the total pay.

Total pay = $330.75 + $10.32= $341.07

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6WORKEDExample



Calculating wages

1 Allan works in a newspaper printing mill and is paid $12.95 per hour. CalculateAllan’s wage in a week where he works 40 hours.

2 Copy and complete the table below by calculating the wage of each of the workers.

3 Alicia is an apprentice chef. In the firstyear of her apprenticeship she earns $11.80per hour. Calculate Alicia’s wage in a weekwhere she works:a 36 hoursb 48 hoursc 42.5 hours.

4 Domonic is a fully qualified chef. He earns$13.50 per hour. Calculate Domonic’swage in a week where he works:a 32 hoursb 37 hoursc 44.5 hours.

Name Hourly rate Hours worked Wage

A. Smith $14.52 40

B. Brown $16.45 38

N. Tran $15.95 37.5

A. Milo $20.10 41

L. McTavish $18.04 36

remember1. A wage is money earned at an hourly rate.2. To calculate a wage we multiply the hourly rate by the number of hours worked

during the week.3. To calculate an hourly rate we divide the wage by the number of hours worked.4. To calculate the number of hours worked we divide the wage by the hourly rate.5. Allowances are paid for working under unfavourable conditions. The total

allowance should be calculated and then added to the normal pay.6. A casual rate is a higher rate of pay for casual workers to compensate them for

having no holidays and receiving no sick leave.

remember

1BWORKEDExample

4



5 Katherine works as a casual waitress. Casual workers earn 20% more per hour thanfull-time workers to compensate for their lack of holidays and sick leave.a A full-time waitress earns $14.45 per hour. Calculate the casual rate earned by

casual waitresses.b Calculate Katherine’s wage in a week where she works 6 hours on Saturday and

7 hours on Sunday.

6

Which of the following workers earns the highest wage for the week?A Dylan, who works 35 hours at $13.50 per hourB Lachlan, who works 37 hours at $12.93 per hourC Connor, who works 38 hours at $12.67 per hourD Cameron, who works 40 hours at $12.19 per hour

7 Calculate the hourly rate of a person who works 40 hours for a wage of $387.20.

8 Julie earns $11.42 per hour. Calculate the number of hours worked by Julie in a weekwhere she is paid $445.38.

9 Copy and complete the table below.

10 Calculate the hourly rate of a casual worker who earns $250.80 for 20 hours work.

11

Which of the following workers is paid at the highest hourly rate?A Melissa, who works 35 hours for $366.45B Belinda, who works 36 hours for $376.20C April, who works 38 hours for $399.76D Nicole, who works 40 hours for $419.60

12

Which of the following people worked the greatest number of hours?A Su-Li, who earned $439.66 at $11.57 per hour.B Denise, who earned $576.00 at $14.40 per hour.C Vera, who earned $333.20 at $9.52 per hour.D Camille, who earned $707.25 at $17.25 per hour.

13 Richard works as an electrical linesman and is paid $10.94 per hour for a 38-hourweek. When he has to work at heights he is paid a 46c per hour ‘height allowance’.Calculate Richard’s pay in a week where 15 hours are spent working at heights.

Name Wage Hours worked Hourly rate

A. White $416.16 36

B. Black $538.80 40

C. Green $369.63 37

D. Brown $813.96 $19.38

E. Scarlet $231.30 $15.42

F. Grey $776.72 $20.44


WORKEDExample

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WORKEDExample

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C h a p t e r 1 E a r n i n g m o n e y 914 Ingrid works as an industrial cleaner and is paid $14.60 per hour for a 35-hour

working week. When Ingrid is working with toxic substances she is paid an allowanceof $1.08 per hour. Calculate Ingrid’s pay if she works with toxic substances all week.

15 Rema works as a tailor and earns $9.45 per hour.a Calculate Rema’s wage in a week where she works 37 hours.b Zhong is Rema’s assistant and earns $8.20 per hour. Find the least time Zhong

must work if he is to earn more money than Rema does?

16 Tamarin works 38 hours per week at $12.40 per hour. Zoe earns the same amounteach week as Tamarin does, but Zoe works a 40-hour week. Calculate Zoe’s hourlyrate of pay.

Spreadsheets — Wages 1Throughout this chapter we are going to develop a number of spreadsheets that will calculate wages. Work through the following steps.1. Open a spreadsheet and enter the following information, or download the

spreadsheet (Wages_1) from the Maths Quest CD-ROM.

2. Enter a pay rate of $11.20 per hour for each employee.3. Enter the hours worked as follows: Frederick Astini, 40; James Carter, 38;

Kelly George, 36; Dean Jones, 15; Paul Limbrick, 45.4. In cell E7 (in the column headed Gross Pay) enter the formula =C7*D7. This

will calculate the wage for Frederick Astini (the figure 448 should appear in the cell).

5. Format cell E7 as currency (cell E7 should now show $448.00).

EXCEL Spreadsheet

Wages 1

inve

stigationinvestigatio

n


10


1

Calculate the wage of a person who works 36 hours at a pay rate of $9.56 per hour.

2

Calculate the weekly wage of a person who works 38 hours at $13.65 per hour.

3

Donna works 15 hours on weekends at $14.56 per hour. Calculate Donna’s wage forthe weekend.

4

Calculate what Stephen will earn for working 8 hours at $11.88 per hour.

5

Debbie earns $489.06 for a 38-hour working week. Calculate Debbie’s hourly rate ofpay.

6

Damien earns an annual salary of $47 000 and is paid weekly. Calculate Damien’sweekly pay.

7

Simone earns an annual salary of $70 000 and is paid fortnightly. Calculate Simone’sfortnightly pay.

8

Ivan earns an annual salary of $56 480 and is paid monthly. Calculate Ivan’s monthlypay.

9

Penny earns an annual salary of $44 000 and is paid weekly. Calculate Penny’sweekly pay.

10

Penny works an average of 35 hours each week. Calculate the hourly rate to which hersalary is equivalent. (Answer to the nearest cent)

Commission and royalties

Karla likes working with people and she thinks she would be a good sales-person. In this case, Karla may be paid by

commission

. Commission is amethod of payment used mainly for salespeople. When paid commission aperson receives a percentage of the value of goods sold.

A

royalty

is a payment made to a person who owns a copyright. Forexample, a musician who writes a piece of music is paid royalties on salesof CDs; an author who writes a book is paid according to the number ofbooks sold. Royalties are calculated in the same way as a commission,being paid as a percentage of sales.

6. Highlight cells

E7

to

E11

and select the

Fill

and

Down

options. The wages for each employee should now be calculated and be formatted as currency. (The entries in this column should read $448.00, $425.60, $403.20, $168.00 and $504.00.)

7. If you now change the hours worked by each employee his or her gross pay should update automatically.

8. Choose the

File

and

Save As

functions to save the spreadsheet as Wages_1.

1



In some cases commission may operate on a sliding scale. This means that the com-mission rate changes with the value of sales. This type of commission is commonlyused in real estate sales. In these examples each portion of the commission is calculatedseparately. The final commission is the sum of each portion.

Sales people often receive a fixed amount (called a retainer) as well as a commission.This is to ensure that the person earns some money even if no sales are made. Tocalculate this type of pay you will need to add the retainer to the commission.

Jack is a computer salesman who is paid a commission of 12% of all sales. Calculate thecommission that Jack earns in a week if he makes sales to the value of $15 000.

THINK WRITE

Calculate 12% of $15 000. Commission = 12% of $15 000Commission = 12 ÷100 × $15 000Commission = $1800

7WORKEDExample

A real estate agent is paid com-mission on his sales at the followingrate:• 5% on the first $75 000• 2.5% on the balance of the sale• price.Calculate the commission earned onthe sale of a property for $235 000.

THINK WRITE

Calculate 5% of $75 000. 5% of $75 000 = $3750Calculate the balance of the sale. Balance = $235 000 − $75 000

Balance = $160 000Calculate 2.5% of $160 000. 2.5% of $160 000 = $4000Add up each portion to calculate the commission.

Commission = $3750 + $4000Commission = $7750

12

34

8WORKEDExample



In some cases the commission does not begin to be paid until sales have reached acertain point. For example, a car salesperson may receive a commission on sales over$5000. (Can you suggest a reason for such a payment scheme?) Here the commissionis calculated only on sales above this fixed amount.

Shelley is a furniture salesperson and is paid $250 per week plus a commission of 2% ofall sales. Calculate Shelley’s pay in a week where her sales total $12 250.

THINK WRITE

Calculate the commission of 2% of $12 250.

Commission = 2% of $12 250Commission = 2 ÷ 100 × 12 250Commission = $245

Add the $250 to the commission to calculate her pay.

Pay = $250 + $245Pay = $495

1

2

9WORKEDExample

Tony is a car salesperson. Tony is paid $300 per week and 2% of all sales over $50 000.Calculate Tony’s pay in a week where his sales total $84 000.

THINK WRITE

Calculate the amount on which commission is to be paid.

$84 000 − $50 000 = $34 000

Find 2% of this amount. Commission = 2% of $34 000Commission = 2 ÷ 100 × $34 000Commission = $680

Add the $300 to the commission to calculate Tony’s pay.

Pay = $300 + $680Pay = $980

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2

3

10WORKEDExample

remember1. A commission is earned when a person is paid a percentage of the value of

sales made.2. Some commissions are paid on a sliding scale. In these cases each portion of

the commission is calculated separately and then totalled at the end.3. Some commissions are paid together with a fixed payment called a retainer. To

calculate an employee’s pay the fixed payment needs to be added to thecommission.

4. In some cases where a fixed payment is made commission may not be paid onall sales but rather, on a section of sales above a certain point.

remember



Commission and royalties

1 Kylie is an insurance salesperson and she is paid 8% of the value of any insurance thatshe sells. Calculate the amount that Kylie is paid for selling insurance to the value of$25 000.

2 Beryl sells exercise equipment and is paid a commission of 10% on all sales.Calculate Beryl’s earnings in a week where her sales total is:a $2600 b $3270 c $5687.90

3 Darren’s job is to sell CDs to music stores. If Darren sells CDs to the value of $40 000calculate his commission if it is paid at a rate of:a 1% b 3% c 3.4%

4 Linda is a car salesperson who is paid 1.5% commission. Calculate the amount ofmoney Linda earns in a week where her sales total $95 000.

5 Ken is an author and is paid a royalty on his book sales. The royalty is 12% of thevalue of all sales of his book. Calculate the value of Ken’s royalty if the value of salestotals $34 500.

6

Ursula is a computer software salesperson. Ursula’s sales total $105 000 and she ispaid a commission of 0.8%. How much does Ursula receive in commission?A $105 B $840 C $8400 D $84 000

7

Asif is a sales representative for a hardware firm. Asif earns$870 commission on sales of $17 400. What rate of com-mission does Asif receive?A 0.05% B 0.5%C 5% D 20%

8 A real estate agent charges commission at thefollowing rate:• 5% on the first $75 000• 2.5% on the balance of the sale price.Calculate the commission charged on thesale of a property for $250 000.

9 Gabrielle is a fashion sales representative.Gabrielle is paid a commission of 5% onthe first $3000 of sales each week and 10%commission on the balance. CalculateGabrielle’s commission in a week where hersales total $9500.

10 Using the sliding scale for commission shownin question 8, calculate the commission on aproperty that sells for:a $90 000 b $140 000 c $600 000.

1CWORKEDExample

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WORKEDExample

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11 Stanisa is a car salesman who is paid $250 per week plus a commission of 2% of anysales he makes. Calculate Stanisa’s pay in a week where his sales total $35 000.

12 Daniel works as a sales representative for a car accessories firm. Daniel is paid $150 perweek plus 4% of any sales. Calculate Daniel’s earnings in a week where his sales total is:a $6000 b $8500 c $12 475.

13

A group of sales representatives each has $10 000 in sales for a week. Who earns themost money?A Averil, who is paid a commission of 8%B Bernard, who is paid $250 plus 6% commissionC Cathy, who is paid $350 plus 4% commissionD Darrell, who is paid $540 plus 2.5% commission

14 Fred and Gina sell life insurance. Fred is paid a commission of 8% and Gina is paid$250 plus 5% commission.a How much does Fred earn for a week in which his sales are $5000?b How much does Gina earn for a week in which her sales total $5000?c In another week Gina earns $650. What is the value of Gina’s sales?d Fred wishes to earn $650 in a week. How much should his sales be?

15 Mario is a pay television salesman. Mario earns $500 per week plus 5% commissionon all sales above $5000. Calculate Mario’s pay in a week where his sales total $7500.

16 Neville is a door to door encyclopedia salesman. He is paid $300 per week plus3% commission on all sales greater than $5000. Calculate Neville’s pay in a weekwhere his sales total is:a $4000 b $6500 c $8560.

17

A firm employs five sales representatives. Which representative will earn the most ina week where each of their sales totals $12 480?A Peter, who receives a commission of 4%B Richard, who receives $100 plus a commission of 3%C Susan, who is paid $280 plus a commission of 1.8%D Trevor, who is paid $300 plus a commission of 3.5% on all sales over $6000

18 Andrew and Bonito are sales representatives. Andrew is paid $300 plus a commissionof 2.5% on all sales. Bonito is paid $250 plus a 3.5% commission on all sales over$3000. For what value of weekly sales will Andrew and Bonito receive the same pay?

19 Jade sells cosmetics, and the company pays her a fixed weekly salary plus 2.5% com-mission on all sales she makes. Last week she sold $600 worth of cosmetics and hertotal pay was $490. How much would she expect to earn in a week where she sold$1400 worth of cosmetics?

20 Rick sells security systems and is paid a weekly salary plus commission on his sales.In one week he earned $900 when he sold security systems to the value of $5000. Ina week where he sold $3000 worth of security systems he earned $600. How muchcan he expect to earn in a week where he sells security systems to the value of $4400?

WORKEDExample

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WORKEDExample

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Payment by piecePayment by piece, or piecework refers to payment for the amount of work completed. It is commonly paid for jobs such as car detailing and letterbox delivery.

The amount earned is calculated by multiplying the rate of payment by the number of pieces of work completed.

Which job?Karla is offered a choice of two jobs at two similar jewellery stores. Karla comes to you seeking advice. On the basis of money alone, which should she choose?

This problem can be investigated in a number of ways. One useful strategy in solving questions such as these is to use guess, check and improve. This strategy is quite powerful but one needs to be systematic with it.

Use the following table and complete as many guesses as you need to find, correct to the nearest dollar, the minimum sales Karla would need to make before Pure Diamond Jeweller becomes her better option.

Write a letter to Karla advising which job to take and providing evidence to support your advice.

inve


n

Pure Diamond Jewelleroffers $250 plus 3.5%

commission on all salesover $3 000.

Michael Crest Jewelleroffers $300 plus 2.5%

commission on all sales

Guess no.

Salesamount

Income earned at Michael Crest

Income earned at Pure Diamond

Better option?

1 $4000 $400 $285 MC

2

3

4

…

WorkS

HEET 1.1

A person delivering to a letterbox is paid for piecework.



In most cases it is very clear when payment is made using a piece rate. When theperson picking oranges is paid $18 for each container filled, payment is clearly at apiece rate. Other situations are not so clear. Would you consider a doctor who receivesa fee for consultation to be receiving a piece rate payment?

In some cases, piecework is paid for multiples, rather than for single units. Forexample, if you have a job making letterbox deliveries, you may be paid per 1000brochures that you deliver.

There may also be occasions where you will want to compare the rates of pay for dif-ferent jobs. For example, you may wish to compare payment by piece with othermethods of earning income, such as wages.

Len has a job washing cars in a caryard. He is paid $2.25 per car washed. Calculate whatLen earns in an afternoon where he washes 24 cars.

THINK WRITE

Multiply the pay rate by the number of cars detailed.

Pay = $2.25 × 24Pay = $54.00

11WORKEDExample

Holly is delivering brochures to letterboxes in her local area. She is paid $23.00 per thou-sand brochures delivered. Calculate what Holly will earn for a delivery of 3500 brochures.

THINK WRITE

Divide 3500 by 1000 to calculate the number of thousand brochures delivered.

3500 ÷ 1000 = 3.5

Multiply 3.5 by $23.00 to calculate what Holly is paid.

Holly’s pay = 3.5 × $23.00Holly’s pay = $80.50

1

2

12WORKEDExample

Tristan has a job picking apples. He is paid $4.40 per basket.a Calculate Tristan’s pay for picking 21 baskets of apples in one day.b If it takes Tristan 8 hours to pick these apples, calculate the equivalent hourly rate of

pay he has earned.

THINK WRITE

a Multiply 21 (the number of baskets) by $4.40 (the pay per basket).

a Pay = 21 × $4.40Pay = $92.40

b Divide $92.40 (total pay) by 8 (number of hours worked).

b Hourly rate = $92.40 ÷ 8Hourly rate = $11.55

13WORKEDExample



Payment by piece

1 Julia works after school at a caryard detailing cars. If Julia is paid $10.85 per car,calculate what she will earn in an afternoon when she details 7 cars.

2 A group of four friends takes a job picking fruit over summer. They are paid $4.50 perbasket of fruit picked. Calculate the earnings of each person in the group if:a Ross picked 23 baskets b Rachel picked 21 basketsc Monica picked 19 baskets d Chandler picked 18 baskets.

3 Natalie advertises that she will do ironing for $12.50 per basket. Calculate Natalie’searnings for doing 14 baskets of ironing.

4 Matthew charges $15 to mow a lawn. Calculate Matthew’s earnings in a week if hemows 9 lawns.

5 Dean works as a house cleaner. He charges $46.50 to clean a house. If Dean cleans7 houses, calculate his earnings.

6 Barbara delivers pamphlets to local letterboxes. She is paid $21.80 per thousandpamphlets delivered. Calculate what Barbara will be paid for delivering 15 000pamphlets.

7 A local business employs four people to deliver advertising to letterboxes. They arepaid $18.40 per 1000 deliveries. Calculate the amount each person is paid.a Jim makes 5000 deliveries. b Georgia makes 7500 deliveries.c Nicholas makes 4750 deliveries. d Claire makes 6200 deliveries.

8 Raul works in a factory assembling toys. Raul is paid $19.25 per 100 toys assembled.Calculate what Raul is paid in a day where he assembles:a 300 toys b 650 toys c 540 toys.

9 Carolina works as a bicycle courier. She charges $5.70 per kilometre for herdeliveries. Calculate Carolina’s earnings for a 4 km delivery.

10 Keith is a taxi owner/driver. He is paid $3.00 plus $1.60 per kilometre. Calculate theamount Keith will earn for a journey of:a 5 km b 15.5 km c 10.2 km.

remember1. Payment by piece is payment to an employee for the amount of work

completed.2. To calculate the amount to be paid, multiply the number of units of work

completed by the amount to be paid per unit.3. Be careful when pay is calculated for completing 100 or 1000 units of work.

You will need to first divide by this amount.4. Remember your work on other methods of payment. You will need it to

compare payment by piece with them.

remember

1DWORKEDExample

11

WORKEDExample

12



11 Denise works as a fruit picker. She is paid $4.20 for every basket of fruit picked.a Calculate the amount Denise will earn in a day during which she picks 32 baskets

of fruit.b If it takes Denise 8 hours to pick the fruit, calculate the equivalent hourly rate of

pay.

12 Charlie works in a caryard as a detailer. Charlie is paid $11.60 per car.a What will Charlie earn in an afternoon during which he details 15 cars?b If it takes Charlie 8 hours to detail the cars, calculate his hourly rate of pay.c If Charlie could finish in 6 hours, calculate the hourly rate of pay he would earn.

13 Katie has a stall at the flea market and sells CDs. She sells new CDs for $24 andsecond-hand CDs for $18. On Sunday she sold $516 worth of CDs and noticed thatshe had sold 4 more new CDs than second-hand ones. How many did she sell intotal?

1 Kim works a 37-hour week at a rate of $12.32 per hour. Calculate her weekly wage.

2 Viet works 35 hours a week at an hourly rate of $9.89 per hour. Calculate Viet’sweekly wage.

3 Samantha is paid an annual salary of $38 500 and is paid weekly. CalculateSamantha’s weekly pay.

4 Tom is paid an annual salary of $86 000 and is paid fortnightly. Calculate Tom’sfortnightly pay.

5 Celine is paid $1246.40 per fortnight. Calculate her annual salary.

6 Mick is paid 7% commission on all sales he makes. Calculate his commission for aweek in which his sales total $6960.

7 Christine is paid $250 per week plus 2.5% commission on all sales. CalculateChristine’s pay for a week in which her sales total $12 800.

8 Jason has a job picking fruit and is paid $4.85 per basket. Calculate Jason’s pay for aday in which he picks 43 baskets of fruit.

9 Julia has a job delivering pamphlets to letterboxes and is paid $13.40 per 1000pamphlets delivered. Calculate Julia’s pay for delivering 4500 pamphlets.

10 Cameron is an author who receives a royalty of 8% of the value of sales of his book.Calculate Cameron’s royalty for book sales totalling $23 000.

WORKEDExample

13

2


C h a p t e r 1 E a r n i n g m o n e y

19

What should I quote?

Chris is a builder who works for Creative Constructions. A customer has asked Chris to provide a quote for an extension to a house. The company gives Chris the following guidelines for quoting on jobs such as this.

1. Calculate labour at $95 per hour (this figure includes use of all tools and equipment).

2. Estimate the cost of materials delivered.

3. Find the total cost.

4. Add 15% as the company’s margin.

5. Add 10% GST.

Chris makes the following notes when he goes to the site to give the customer a quote for this work

1

What should Creative Constructions quote for this work?

2

What amount should Creative Constructions give the government as the GST on this work?

3

Different trades and companies will have different procedures for quoting on work such as this. If there are students in the class whose families are involved in the building industry, find out how they prepare quotations for work.

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Labour

Remove existing wall — 2 builders @ 2 hoursFoundations — 2 builders @ 14 hoursFramework — 2 builders @ 24 hoursRoof — 2 builders @ 8 hoursInterior fitting and finishing

— 4 builders @ 16 hours

Materials

Concrete — $600Timber — $4500Tiles — $2300Windows/doors — $1200Mouldings etc. — $800Electricals — $1100


20


Working overtime

Karla has a rough idea of what overtime means: you are paid more ifyou work long or irregular hours. However, she is not sure how it iscalculated and how much extra she should be paid.

Overtime

is paid when a wage earner works more than the regularhours each week. When an employee works overtime a higher rate ispaid. This higher rate of pay is called a

penalty rate

. The rate isnormally calculated at either:1.

time and a half

, which means that the person is paid 1 times the1. usual rate of pay, or

2.

double time

, which means that the person is paid twice the1. normal rate of pay.

A person may also be paid these overtime rates for working at unfavourable times such as at nightor during weekends.

To calculate the hourly rate earned when working overtime we multiply the normal hourly rate bythe overtime factor, which is 1 for time and a half and 2 for double time.

To calculate the pay for a period of time worked at time and a half or double time wemultiply the normal pay rate by the overtime factor (either 1 or 2) and then by thenumber of hours worked at that overtime rate.

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Gustavo is paid $9.78 per hour in hisjob as a childcare worker. CalculateGustavo’s hourly rate when he isbeing paid for overtime at time anda half.

THINK WRITE

Multiply $9.78 (the normal hourly rate) by 1 (the overtime factor for time and a half).

Time and a half rate = $9.78 × 1 Time and a half rate = $14.671

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14WORKEDExample

12---

Adrian works as a shop assistant and his normal rate of pay is $12.84 per hour. Calculatethe amount that Adrian earns for 6 hours work on Saturday, when he is paid time and a half.

THINK WRITE

Multiply $12.84 (the normal pay rate) by 1 (the overtime factor) and by 6 (hours worked at time and a half).

Pay = $12.84 × 1 × 6Pay = $115.561

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15WORKEDExample

MQ Maths A Yr 11 - 01 Page 20 Friday, July 6, 2001 1:40 PM

C h a p t e r 1 E a r n i n g m o n e y 21When we need to calculate the total pay for a week that involves overtime we need tocalculate the normal pay and then add the amount earned for any overtime.

Some examples will have more than one overtime rate to consider and some willrequire you to work out how many hours have been worked at each rate.

Natasha works as a waitress and is paid $11.80 per hour for a 38-hour week. CalculateNatasha’s pay in a week where she works 5 hours at time and a half in addition to herregular hours.

THINK WRITE

Calculate Natasha’s normal pay. Normal pay = $11.80 × 38= $448.40

Calculate Natasha’s pay for 5 hours at time and a half.

Time and a half = $11.80 × 1 × 5= $88.50

Add the normal pay and the time and a half pay together.

Total pay = $448.40 + $88.50= $536.90

1

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3

16WORKEDExample

Graeme is employed as a car assembly worker and is paid $10.40 per hour for a 36-hour week. If Graeme works overtime, the first 6 hours are paid at time and a half and the remainder at double time. Calculate Graeme’s pay in a week where he works 45 hours.

THINK WRITE

Calculate the number of hours overtime Graeme worked.

Overtime = 45 − 36 Overtime = 9 hours

Of these nine hours, calculate how much was at time and a half and how much was at double time.

Time and a half = 6 hoursDouble time = 3 hours

Calculate Graeme’s normal pay. Normal pay = $10.40 × 36Normal pay = $374.40

Calculate what Graeme is paid for 6 hours at time and a half.

Time and a half = $10.40 × 1 × 6Time and a half = $93.60

Calculate what Graeme is paid for 3 hours at double time.

Double time = $10.40 × 2 × 3Double time = $62.40

Calculate Graeme’s total pay by adding the time and a half and double time payments to his normal pay.

Total pay = $374.40 + $93.60 + $62.40Total pay = $530.40

1

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3

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5

6

17WORKEDExample



Working overtime

1 Reece works in a restaurant and is paid a normal hourly rate of $11.30. Calculate theamount Reece earns each hour when he is being paid time and a half.

2 Carmen works as a waitress and is paid $11.42 per hour. Calculate Carmen’s rate perhour on a Sunday when she is paid double time.

3 Gareth works as a train driver and is normally paid $11.48 per hour. For working onpublic holidays he is paid double time and a half (overtime factor = 2 ). CalculateGareth’s hourly rate of pay on a public holiday.

4 Ben works in a hotel and is paid $11.88 per hour. Calculate the total amount Ben willearn for an 8-hour shift on Saturday when he is paid at time and a half.

5 Taylor works as an usher at a concert venue. She is normally paid $13.10 per hour.Calculate Taylor’s pay for 6 hours on Sunday when she is paid double time.


7

Ernie works as a chef and is paid $9.95 per hour. What will Ernie’s hourly rate bewhen he is paid time and a half for overtime?A $11.45 B $14.92 C $14.93 D $19.90

NameOrdinary

rateOvertime

rateHours

worked Pay

A. Nguyen $8.90 Time and a half 4

M. Donnell $9.35 Double time 6

F. Milo $11.56 Time and a half 7

J. Carides $13.86 Time and a half 6.5

Y. Robinson $22.60 Double time 5.5

remember1. Overtime is paid when you work more than your normal working hours in a

week, and you receive a higher rate of pay for the extra hours.2. Overtime can be paid at:

(a) time and a half — 1 times the normal hourly rate(b) double time — twice the normal hourly rate.

3. To calculate the hourly rate when working overtime, multiply the normalhourly rate by the overtime factor.

4. To calculate the pay that is received for overtime, multiply the normal hourlyrate by the overtime factor by the number of hours worked at that overtime rate.

5. To calculate the total pay for a week when overtime has been worked, calculatethe normal pay and the pay for each overtime rate separately, and add them.

12---

remember

1EWORKEDExample

14

12---

WORKEDExample

15




Stephanie works in a shop and is paid $9.40 per hour. Calculate how much more Steph-anie will earn in 8 hours work at time and a half than she would at ordinary rates.A $37.60 B $75.20 C $112.80 D $188.00

9Eric works on the wharves unloading containers. Eric is paid $14.20 per hour. Calcu-late the number of hours at time and a half that Eric will have to work to earn thesame amount of money that he will earn in 9 hours at ordinary rates.A 4.5 hours B 6 hours C 10.5 hours D 13.5 hours

10 Rick works 37 hours at ordinary time each week and receives $12.64 per hour.Calculate Rick’s pay in a week where, in addition to his normal hours, he works 4hours overtime at time and a half.

11 Kirsty works 36 hours each week at a rate of pay of $16.40 per hour. CalculateKirsty’s pay in a week where, in addition to her ordinary hours, she works 4 hours onSunday, when she is paid double time.

12 Grant works as a courier and is paid $13.25 per hour for a 35-hour working week.Calculate Grant’s pay for a week where he works 4 hours at time and a half and 2 hoursat double time in addition to his regular hours.


14Jenny is a casual worker at a motel. The normal rate of pay is $10.40 per hour. Jennyworks 8 hours on Saturday for which she is paid time and a half. On Sunday sheworks 6 hours for which she is paid double time. Jenny’s pay is equivalent to howmany hours work at the normal rate of pay?A 14 B 21 C 24 D 28

15Patricia works a 35-hour week and is paid $14.15 per hour. Any overtime that Patriciadoes is paid at time and a half. Patricia wants to work enough overtime so that sheearns more than $600 each week. What is the minimum number of hours that Patriciawill need to work to earn this amount of money?A 40 B 41 C 42 D 43

16 Steven works on a car assembly line and is paid $12.40 per hour for a 36-hourworking week. The first 4 hours overtime he works each week is paid at time and ahalf with the rest paid at double time. Calculate Steven’s earnings for a week inwhich he works 43 hours.

NameOrdinary

rateNormal hours

Time and a half hours

Double time hours Total pay

W. Clark $8.60 38.5 4 —

A. Hurst $9.85 37.5 — 6.5

S. Gannon $14.50 38.5 5 2.5

G. Dymock $16.23 37.5 4 1.5

D. Colley $24.90 36.5 6 8.5



WORKEDExample

16



WORKEDExample

17



17 Kate works as a computer technician and is paid $18.56 per hour for a 38-hourworking week. For the first 4 hours overtime each week Kate is paid time and a halfand the rest is paid at double time. Calculate Kate’s pay in a week where she works: a 38 hours b 41 hours c 45 hours.

18 Zac works in a supermarket. He is paid at an ordinary rate of $8.85 per hour. If Zacworks more than 8 hours on any one day the first two hours are paid at time and a halfand the rest at double time. Calculate Zac’s pay if the hours worked each day are:Monday — 8 hours Tuesday — 9 hours Wednesday — 12 hoursThursday — 7 hours Friday — 10.5 hours.

19 Megan works a 38-hour week and for any extra time she is paid at time and a half.When she worked a 45-hour week she received $582. What would she earn for a weekin which she worked 40 hours?

Spreadsheets — Wages 21. Load the spreadsheet Wages_1 that you started earlier in this chapter and edit it

with the following information. Alternatively, download the spreadsheet Wages_2 from the Maths Quest CD-ROM.

2. In cell G7 write the formula =C7*D7 + C7*1.5*E7 + C7*2*F7. This formula will calculate the gross wage for Frederick Astini. (You should get $526.40.)

3. Highlight cells G7 to G11 and choose the Fill and Down options to copy this formula to the rest of this column. (Your answers should show $526.40, $442.40, $537.60, $481.60 and $644.00.)

4. Check the functioning of your spreadsheet by changing the hours worked by Frederick Astini to 38 normal hours, 3 hours at time and a half and 4 hours at double time. You should now have $554.40 in cell G7. Now change the hours for the other employees and notice the gross pay changing. Now change the hourly rate of pay for each employee.

5. Use the File and Save As options to save this spreadsheet under the name Wages_2. (This will mean that you have copies of both version 1 and 2 of the spreadsheet.)

EXCEL

Spreadsheet

Wages 2

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Additions to and deductions from gross pay

Although Karla knows how to calculate her pay,she may still be confused when she receives herfirst payment advice. The pay Karla gets, in thehand, will be less than the figure she hascalculated. Her pay slip will show the changes.

Although we may calculate a person’s pay,this is not the amount that is actually received.The amount that we calculate, based on awage or salary, is called gross pay or grosswage. From your gross pay, severaldeductions may be made for items suchas tax, union fees, private healthinsurance, superannuation and so on. Theamount left after these deductions havebeen taken out is called the net pay and it isthis amount that you actually receive.

To calculate an employee’s net pay wesubtract any deductions from the gross pay.

WelfareThe government supports those in the community who need assistance: students, the aged, the disabled and the unemployed. The arm of government that manages this function is called Centrelink. Centrelink provides information about its services at its web site www.centrelink.gov.au.

Use the information available at this site to respond to the following cases. For each scenario find the relevant information and prepare a written response as if it were your task to explain, personally, to each of these people what the entitlements are.

Scenario 1John is 23 and has a wife who cares for their one child full-time. He has recently lost his job. They pay $120 per week rent. What payments can John expect until he finds another job and what assistance will be given to him to find another job?

Scenario 2Madelaine is the mother of a disabled child who needs full-time care at home. She owns her home and so pays no rent. Can she afford to look after her child and not have a paid job?

Scenario 3Charlie is 19 and grew up in Charleville. She wants to study full-time in Brisbane. Her parents’ combined income is $53 000 per year. What support can Charlie expect from the government?

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In some cases you will be required to calculate the size of a deduction based on eitheran annual amount or a percentage.

When employees take annual leave, they may receive an annual leave loading. Whenon holidays, such employees are paid an extra 17 % of their gross pay for up to 4 weeks.

Robert’s gross pay is $643.60 per week. Robert has deductions for tax of $144.46, superannuation of $19.20 and union fees of $11.40. Calculate Robert’s net pay.

THINK WRITE

From $643.60 (gross pay) subtract $144.46 (tax), $19.20 (superannuation) and $11.40 (union fees).

Net pay = $643.60 − $144.46 − $19.20 − $11.40Net pay = $468.54

18WORKEDExample

Bruce is a shop assistant and he has his union fees deducted from his pay each week. If the annual union fee is $324.60, calculate the size of Bruce’s weekly union deduction.

THINK WRITE

Divide $324.60 (the annual union fee) by 52.

Weekly deduction = $324.60 ÷ 52

Round the answer off to the nearest cent. Weekly deduction = $6.24

1

2

19WORKEDExample

Charissa is a salary earner and her gross fortnightly salary is $1320. Charissa pays 4% ofher gross pay each fortnight in superannuation. Calculate how much is deducted fromCharissa’s pay each fortnight for superannuation.

THINK WRITE

Calculate 4% of $1320 (gross pay). Superannuation = 4% of $1320Superannuation = 4 ÷ 100 × $1320Superannuation = $52.80

20WORKEDExample

12---

Russell is a newspaper printer and is paid $14.75 per hour for a 36-hour working week.a Calculate Russell’s pay for a normal working week.b Calculate Russell’s total pay for his 4 weeks

annual leave if he receives a 17 % annual leave loading on the 4 weeks pay.

12---

21WORKEDExample



Additions to and deductions from gross pay

1 Trevor is a tiler and his gross pay is $532.75 per week. His weekly deductions are$106.20 for tax, $23.65 for superannuation and $17.70 for health fund contributions.Calculate Trevor’s net pay each week.


Gross pay Deductions Net pay

$345.00 $89.45

$563.68 $165.40

$765.90 $231.85

$1175.60 $429.56

$2500.00 $765.40

THINK WRITE

a Multiply $14.75 (hourly rate) by 36 (hours worked).

a Normal pay = $14.75 × 36= $531.00

b Multiply $531.00 (weekly pay) by 4 to find his normal pay for 4 weeks.

b Normal 4 weeks pay = $531.00 × 4= $2124.00

Calculate the annual leave loading by finding 17 % of $2124.

Annual leave loading = 17 % of $2124.00

= 17 ÷ 100 × $2124.00

= $371.70Add $371.10 (annual leave loading) to $2124 (normal 4 weeks pay).

Total holiday pay = $2124.00 + $371.70= $2495.70

1

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3

remember1. Gross pay refers to pay before any deductions are made.2. Net pay refers to the pay received after deductions have been taken out.

Net pay = gross pay − deductions3. Some deductions are calculated on an annual basis and then taken out in equal

weekly or fortnightly amounts.4. Some deductions are calculated as a percentage of gross earnings.5. When employees take their annual leave a loading is often paid. This means

that they are paid an extra 17 % of their gross pay.12---

remember

1FWORKEDExample

18



3 David works in a mine and is paid a wage of $15.75per hour for a 36-hour working week. His deductionsare $118.02 for tax, $32.50 for health insurance,$21.68 for superannuation and $5.00 for the miner’ssocial club. Calculate David’s net pay.

4 Belinda is on an annual salary of $65 500. Belindais paid fortnightly.a Calculate Belinda’s fortnightly pay.b If Belinda has fortnightly deductions of

$834.92 for tax, $75.58 for superannuationand $23.50 as a contribution to a professionalorganisation, calculate Belinda’s net pay.

5 Lars works as a train driver and is a member ofthe union. If Lars’ union fees are $394.00 peryear and Lars has his fees deducted from hispay weekly, calculate the size of Lars’ weeklydeduction.

6 Yasmin is a salary earner who is paid fortnightly.Yasmin has her fees for private health insurance deducted from her payfortnightly. If the annual premium for Yasmin’s health cover is $1456.50, calculate theamount that needs to be deducted from Yasmin’s pay each fortnight.

7 Dorothy is paid a wage of $13.45 per hour for a 38-hour working week.a Calculate Dorothy’s gross weekly pay.b Dorothy pays union fees of $265.60 per annum. Calculate the amount that should

be deducted from her pay each week for union fees.c In addition, Dorothy has $98.73 deducted from her pay each week for tax.

Calculate Dorothy’s net pay.

8 Patrick is on an annual salary of $56 000 and is paid fortnightly.a Calculate Patrick’s gross fortnightly pay.b Patrick pays fortnightly into a private health fund for which the annual premium is

$1165.75. Calculate the fortnightly payment.c Patrick also pays, fortnightly, tax of $660.60. Calculate Patrick’s net fortnightly

pay.

9 Sabrina earns a weekly wage of $623.50. She puts 3% of this wage into asuperannuation fund. Calculate the amount that Sabrina pays in superannuation.

10 Arthur earns a gross fortnightly salary of $1520.50. He pays 7% of his gross salary insuperannuation. Calculate the amount that Arthur has deducted from his salary eachfortnight for superannuation.

11 Rex is paid $11.12 per hour for a 38-hour working week.a Calculate Rex’s gross weekly wage.b Rex pays 5.5% of his gross weekly wage in superannuation. Calculate Rex’s

weekly superannuation contribution.c Rex pays tax of $68.18 as well has his superannuation contribution. Calculate

Rex’s weekly net wage.

12 Raylene is on an annual salary for $75 000 and is paid fortnightly.a Calculate Raylene’s gross fortnightly salary.b Raylene pays 4.75% of her gross salary in superannuation. Calculate the amount

that is to be deducted from Raylene’s salary for superannuation.

WORKEDExample

19

WORKEDExample

20


C h a p t e r 1 E a r n i n g m o n e y 29c Raylene has union fees of $486.00 per annum and private health insurance of

$1323.70 per annum deducted from her pay fortnightly. Calculate the amount ofthe deduction made for both union fees and health insurance.

d If Raylene pays $1009.22 in fortnightly tax as well as the above deductions calcu-late her net fortnightly pay.

13 Liang-Yi earns $13.60 per hour for a 38-hour working week.a Calculate the amount Liang-Yi will earn in a normal working week.b Calculate the total amount Liang-Yi will receive for his 4 weeks annual leave if he

receives a 17 % holiday loading.

14 Paula is paid an annual salary of $45 800.a Calculate Paula’s gross weekly salary.b Calculate the total amount Paula will receive for her 4 weeks annual leave if she is

paid a 17 % holiday loading.

15 Leon is paid $12.95 per hour for a 36-hour working week.a Calculate Leon’s weekly wage.b Leon takes one weeks holiday for which he is given a 17 % loading. Calculate

the holiday loading.c If Leon pays $83.24 in tax, calculate his net pay for his weeks holiday.

16 Scott is paid an annual salary of $68 500.a Calculate Scott’s salary for a 4-week period.b Calculate how much holiday loading Scott will receive for this 4-week period if it

is paid at 17 %.c Scott pays $1250 per annum in private health insurance, which is deducted from his

gross salary. Calculate how much health insurance Scott must pay for a 4-week period.d If Scott pays $1779.92 in tax for this 4 weeks, calculate his net pay for the 4-week

holiday.

Spreadsheets — Wages template1. Load your spreadsheet Wages_2 and add the Deductions and Net Pay

columns. Alternatively, download Wages_3 from the Maths Quest CD-ROM.

WWORKEDORKEDEExamplexample

21

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EXCEL Spreadsheet

Wages 3

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2. In cell I7 write the formula =G7 – H7. This formula will calculate Net Pay by subtracting Deductions from Gross Pay.

3. Your spreadsheet will now calculate both a person’s gross pay and net pay. Save this as Wages_3. (You should now have three versions of the spreadsheet saved.)

4. Now clear all the data from the columns Pay Rate, Normal Hours, Time and a half Hours, Double Time Hours and Deductions. You should then have a spreadsheet set up with no data, but with the symbols $ - appearing (as can be seen below) where there are formulas.

When a spreadsheet is in this form it is called a template. The spreadsheet is now ready to accept new data and make new calculations. Save this version as Wages Template.

Which package?Karla has been offered a new position in the company. The manager calls Karla into her office and explains that Karla has to choose between two options for a salary package. These are as follows.

Option A: Annual salary of $45 000 plus a 7.5% bonus after completing her first year in the position.

Option B: Annual salary of $33 000 plus complete use of a company vehicle as well as a weekly allowance of $100 to cover incidental costs. No receipts are required for this allowance.

Write a letter to Karla advising her which package to take, clearly identifying any assumptions you have made.

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$45 000

$45 000

$33 000

$33 000



Industrial awards and agreementsKarla wonders how her wages and conditions are set. Is it up to her employers to decide her pay rate? Can her employers sack her if she is late one day? Can they ask her to work 15 days in a row?

All these questions (and more) are addressed in workplace agreements and awards. These contracts spell out clearly the expectations for both employers and employees.

The following extract is taken from an agreement involving a fast-food retail outlet.

The full award (and others) can be found at http://indrel.agps.gov.au/html/awards/Use the information in the award to find the gross pay earned by an 18-year-old

casual employee who worked 15 hours in one week.

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R0447 Retail and Wholesale Industry - Fast Food Retail - Shop Distributive and Allied Employees' Association - Red Rooster Foods Consent Award 1996.PART 5.1. WAGES1.1 Full Time Employees1.1.1 Retail Food Employee - Grade IThe minimum rates of ordinary time weekly wage payable to adult full time Retail Food Employee Grade I shall be $355.50 per week. 1.2 Junior RatesThe rate of pay of junior employees shall be determined by applying thefollowing percentages to the appropriate adult ordinary time weekly rate of wage:

Employees aged under 16 years 40%Employees aged 16 years and under 17 years 50%Employees aged 17 years and under 18 years 60%Employees aged 18 years and under 19 years 70%Employees aged 19 years and under 20 years 80%Employees aged 20 years and under 21 years 90%

1.3 Part Time EmployeesThe ordinary time hourly rate of wage for part time employees shall bedetermined by dividing the appropriate full time ordinary time weekly rate of wage by 38.1.4 Casual EmployeesThe ordinary time hourly rate of wage for a casual employee shall be determined by adding to the appropriate part time rate of wage an amount equal to 20% of the base part time hourly rate for all hours worked, except overtime, the rate for which is calculated in the manner prescribed by Clause 5.6 of Part 6 of this Award. The 20% loading prescribed by this clause is in lieu of entitlements to sick leave, annual leave, public holidays or other forms of leave, excluding long service leave.

WorkS

HEET 1.2



Methods of payment• A salary is a fixed amount paid to an employee to do a job. This is usually based on

an annual amount divided into weekly or fortnightly instalments.• A wage is an amount paid to an employee according to an hourly rate. The weekly

wage is the hourly rate multiplied by the hours worked.• Commission or royalties are payments based on a percentage of sales.• Payment by piece is payment to an employee according to the amount of work

completed.

Overtime• Overtime is paid when the employee works more than the regular hours each week.

Usually the employee will be paid at either:1. time and a half — 1 times the normal hourly rate, or2. double time — twice the normal hourly rate.

Additions and deductions• Gross pay is the pay the employee receives before any deductions are taken out.• Deductions are made from gross pay for tax, superannuation, union fees and so on.• The amount left from gross pay after deductions are taken out is called net pay.• Employees receive an extra 17 % when they take their annual leave. This is called

the annual leave loading.

summary

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1 Carole earns a salary of $39 600 per year and is paid weekly. Calculate her weekly pay.

2 Neil earns a salary of $67 400 per year and is paid fortnightly. Calculate his fortnightly pay.

3 Lainie earns a salary of $1326 per month. Calculate her annual salary.

4 Paul earns a salary of $51 000 per annum and works an average of 44 hours per week. Calculate the hourly rate to which Paul’s annual salary is equivalent.

5 Calculate the weekly wage of each of the following people.a Sandra, who works 36 hours at $14.50 per hour.b Darren, who works 38 hours at $15.65 per hour.c Melissa, who works 43 hours at $13.68 per hour.

6 Bartenders earn a standard rate of $12.30 per hour. Casual bartenders receive a casual rate of $13.80 per hour.a Kevin is a full-time bartender who works a 36-hour week. Calculate his weekly wage.b Len is a casual bartender who works 16 hours a week. Calculate Len’s weekly wage.

7 Charlotte works 36 hours for a wage of $410.40. Calculate her hourly rate of pay.

8 Brian earns $11.83 per hour. Calculate the number of hours that Brian would need to work in a week if he wanted to earn $500.

9 Renee is a furniture salesperson who is paid 8% commission on all her sales. Calculate Renee’s pay in a week where her sales total $4940.

10 Daryl is a car salesman who is paid $275 per week plus 1.5% commission on all sales. Calculate Daryl’s pay in a week where his sales total $34 900.

11 Felicity sells cosmetics and is paid $150 per week plus 15% commission on all sales in excess of $1000. Calculate Felicity’s commission in a week where her sales total $3560.

1A

CHAPTERreview

1A1A1A

1B

1B

1B1B

1C

1C

1C



12 Hong has an after-school job detailing cars. Hong is paid $11.75 for every car that he details. Calculate what Hong is paid for detailing 29 cars.

13 Svetlana delivers brochures to the local neighbourhood and is paid $17.50 for every 1000 brochures delivered. Calculate what Svetlana will earn for delivering 5600 brochures.

14 Beatrice earns $14.20 per hour. Calculate what she will earn per hour:a on Saturdays, when she is paid time and a halfb on Sundays, when she is paid double time.

15 Nicholas is a storeman who is paid a normal rate of $10.90 per hour. Calculate what Nicholas will earn for:a 6 hours work at time and a halfb 5 hours work at double time.

16 A photographic chemicals firm pays its factory workers $9.70 per hour. Calculate what each of the following employees earns in a week where: a Chao-ping works 38 normal hours.b Elizabeth works 38 normal hours and 4 hours at time and a half.c Phillip works 38 normal hours and 3 hours at double time.d Charlie works 38 normal hours, 4 hours at time and a half and 3 hours at double time.

17 Eddie works as a shop assistant and is paid an ordinary rate of $10.54 per hour for a 36-hour working week. Eddie is paid time and a half for the first four hours overtime worked and double time for any hours beyond that. Calculate Eddy’s wage in a week where he works 47 hours.

18 Marella works as a seamstress and receives a gross wage of $439.00 per week. From her pay, $73.85 is deducted for tax, $4.80 for union fees, $17.90 for superannuation and $9.20 for health insurance. Calculate Marella’s net wage.

19 Anne works as a shop assistant. Her annual union fees are $210.60. Anne has her union fees deducted from her pay weekly. Calculate the size of Anne’s weekly deduction.

20 Harold earns a salary of $48 250 per annum and is paid fortnightly.a Calculate Harold’s fortnightly pay.b Harold pays 4.5% of his gross fortnightly pay into a

superannuation fund. Calculate the size of Harold’s fortnightly superannuation contribution.

21 Lance is paid $14.86 per hour and works 38 hours at normal time and 3 hours overtime for which he is paid time and a half. a Calculate Lance’s gross weekly pay.b Lance has his private health cover deducted from his gross pay. The annual contribution

is $689.40. Calculate the amount deducted weekly from Lance’s pay.c Lance pays 3.5% of his gross pay into superannuation. Calculate the amount of Lance’s

superannuation contribution.d If Lance also pays $140.30 in tax, calculate Lance’s net wage.

1D

1D

1E

1E

1E

1E

1F

1F

1F

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Maths A - Chapter 01