Mathematics in Ancient and Classical Times

4 February 2016

CAWILI ESGUERRA GENERAL LORIA SESCAR

Introduction

Prehistoric Mathematics

Lebombo Bone

Sumerian / Babylonian Mathematics

Small clay cones Clay balls Large clay cones

1 10 60

Sumerian / Babylonian Mathematics

Base 60

True place value system

Circle character for zero

Solution of quadratic equations written on clay tablets

Babylonian Numerals

Clay Tablet

Egyptian Mathematics

Decimal

Fractions

Rule for the volume of truncated pyramid

Formulas and methods for multiplication and addition

Egyptian Numerals

Egyptian Mathematics

Decimal

Fractions

Rule for the volume of truncated pyramid

Formulas and methods for multiplication and addition

Chinese Mathematics

Small bamboo rods

The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

Chinese Numerals

Arabic Mathematics

Use of complex geometric patterns to decorate buildings

Indian Mathematics

Indian Numerals

“Sulba Sutras”

Geometric solutions of linear and quadratic equations in a single unknown

Five different types of infinities:

Infinite in one direction

Infinite in two directions

Infinite in area

Infinite everywhere

Perpetually infinite

Roman Mathematics

Geometry – practicality and utility

Roman Numeral System

Greek Mathematics

Geometry

Irrational Numbers

Known Greek Mathematicians:

Thales of Miletus

Pythagoras

Eudoxus

Hipparchus

Euclid

Three Classical Problems

Pythagoras

Greek Mathematics

Thales of Miletus HipparchusEudoxus