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This presentation was given by SPA Bhopal for "Anusandhaana" - XV Annual NOSPlan Convention
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STATE OF CITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROVISIONS
XV Annual NOSPlan ConventionTHEME: SAFE CITIES
Safe Cities
• Safe City- It is a concept which enhances the protection of general public and reduces their exposure to risks caused by both, disaster as well as crime in a city.
• From planning aspect, coordinated policies and action in spatial planning (building height to street width ratio which avoids creation of confined passages), transport (frequency of service) and urban design (building facade can create friendly spaces and even commercial ground floor uses) in particular contributes in reducing the crime in the city as well as making it safe from the disasters it is vulnerable to.
Development Plan
?
Legal Document
Long term perspective plan
For guiding sustainable planned development
Basis for all infrastructure requirement
Lays down planning guidelines, policies, development code, etc
Source: Delhi Development Authority (DDA)
Jabalpur Development
Plan
JABALPUR- Location
• Latitude: 23°10' North• Longitude: 79°57'
East• Altitude: 393 meters
above mean sea level (MSL)
Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005
City Profile
DEMOGRAPHY• Population: 1.2 million• Population Density:
338/Hectare• Average Household
Size: 5.35
TOPOGRAPHY• Located on the banks of the
perennial Narmada River.• Surrounded by low rocky and
barren lands.• Entire area of the city is hilly,
with slopes differing in grade from 2 to 30 per cent.
• The city is almost bifurcated by a central ridge running parallel to the railway line that girds the city in a horseshoe (“U”) shape.
GEOLOGYVariety of soils formed by decomposition of fragmented quartz, feldspar and silica mixed with alumina, iron, magnesia, lime and alkali.
Municipal Area: 129.20 Sq. KmPlanning Area: 245.17 Sq. Km
Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005
Historical Background Of City
Jabalpur city is part of the Jabalpur congregation comprising of Jabalpur city, Jabalpur Cantonment and Khamaria Township.
This ancient city (traditionally also known as "Mahakoshal") is located in central India, in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
The city owes its cultural heritage to the Kalchuri Dynasty, which was at its zenith in 300 BC.
At present, the city is prominent for the Government of India’s defense and military establishments that are located in and around the city.
The College of Defense Management (formerly, Army Officers' School) and large factories like the Gun Carriage Factory, Ordinance Factory, etc. are located here.
Source: Jabalpur City Development Plan, 2011
Bhedaghat
Chausath Yogini Temple
High Court
Case Study Jabalpur
Earthquake, 1997
Seismic Details
Intensity Scale for Jabalpur = MKS VII MSK VIII - Destruction of Buildings
(a) Fright and panic; also persons
driving motor cars are disturbed.
(b) Most buildings of rural structure
and reinforced buildings suffer
damage like destruction. Stone walls
collapse.
(c) Small landslips in hollows and on
banked roads on steep slopes occur;
there are cracks in ground up to
widths of several centimeters.
Waters in lakes become turbid. New
reservoirs come into existence.
Jabalpur
Source: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Impact of Earthquake
The earthquake caused significant damage to structures in Jabalpur, and also the surrounding districts of Jabalpur. Date 22 May, 1997
Origin Time
04 Hrs. 21min. 31.8sec.
Epicenter Lat. 23.08 N, Long. 80.06 E
Focal Depth
35Km.
Magnitude 6.0• The earthquake brought an untold rain of sorrows to over
15,416 families who were rendered homeless and more than 3,06,389 houses were partially damaged.
• In Jabalpur City, 67 wards were affected while the number of villages affected in Jabalpur district was 1859.
• Out of 39 deaths which occurred due to earthquake, 38 alone were in Jabalpur City and one death occurred in Chhindwada.
• Massive destruction created is among the 2-3 storeyed residential buildings of various government agencies: Dept. of telecom, railways etc.
Source: EERI special Earthquake report, EERI Newsletter, Vol. 32, No. 2, Aug. 1997
Source: EERI special Earthquake report, EERI Newsletter, Vol. 32, No. 2, Aug. 1997
Disaster and Development
Development can increase Vulnerabi
lity
Development can reduce
Vulnerability
Disaster can provide
development
opportunities
Disaster can set
back Develop
ment
Development Realm
Neg
ati
ve R
ealm
Positiv
e R
ealm
Disaster Realm
• For the development plan of 2021 year, there is an addition made to the provisions of 2005 development plan.
• The additional provision says that, the abandoned areas which are naturally hazardous, should follow the provisions, rules and regulations profoundly.
• While re-developing the effected area, special techniques should be used which strengthens the building in bearing high magnitude shocks of earthquake.
• The Indian Standard Institute has published a document (13827-1993) which is provided with “Guidelines for improving earthquake resistance of earthen buildings’’. These guidelines are to be followed for such building.
• The development cost for earthquake resistant housing increases by 2-3% of total cost.
• For the above mentioned provisions, Jabalpur Development Authority, Municipal Corporation, Jabalpur District Rural Development Agency and Madhya Pradesh Housing Board engineers can provide guidance for the designing purpose.
Year 2005 Year 2021
Master Plan Provisions for Earthquake Resilient Development
Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005 Jabalpur Development Plan, 2021
Land Use AnalysisExisting Residential
Proposed ResidentialProposed Recreational
Existing Agriculture
Proposed Public & Semi - Public
Proposed Market Gardening
Existing Public & Semi Public
Proposed ResidentialExisting ResidentialProposed MandiProposed Public & Semi PublicProposed IndustrialExtended Area into Municipal Boundary
Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2005 Jabalpur Development Plan, 2021
Jabalpur Land Use Map, 2005Jabalpur Land Use Map, 2021
Proposed Land use map with seismic zonation
High Risk ZoneMedium Risk ZoneLow Risk Zone
Proposed Land Use Map with Seismic Zonation
Source: Jabalpur Development Plan, 2021 Geological Survey of India
Crime Scenario in Jabalpur
Crime scenario in Jabalpur
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Annually Recorded IPC Crimes (2001-2012)
YEAR
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
co
rde
d C
ase
s
20052001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: www.mppolice.gov.in
Transportation
Public Transportation: Presently the usage of public transportation is observed to be just 7%. This is due to, no proper connectivity of the city.
Under JNNURM scheme, the Jabalpur City Transport System is proposed keeping two elements majorly in view. Those are the good accessibility and safety of the city
Map Showing: proposed public transportation routes by Jnnurm
Source: Jabalpur City Transport Service Limited.
Housing
Slum
Source: Jabalpur City Development Plan, 2011
Map Showing: Location of Slums
So What Next..???
Level 1 : Macro Planning
Level 3 : Micro Planning
Level 2 :
?
SuggestionsObservation
Vaguely worded and obsolete codal provision.
No clarity on how the new codes and the proposed revision to the existing codes will be applied.
Post Disaster Initiatives
Review of Development Control Regulations
Division of development control rules can be into two parts: State wise and Issues dependent on local conditions. Issues dependent on local conditions are planning regulations, local building regulations and standards, maintenance and up gradation regulation to be framed locally with local considerations.
Source: The Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 72, No. 11, Nov. 1998 Proceedings of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland,
New Zealand, 2000.
No earthquake resistant features were observed in the effected buildings
No seismic provisions incorporated in building bye-laws.
There is a clear need to put in place a system wherein the municipal authorities are in a position to enforce seismic code provision in all new constructions. Informal building construction
taking place without involvement of engineers and no regard to seismic safety.
Lack of involvement of professional engineers in seismic agenda.
Penalize the Defaulters. Offer some incentives to
municipal engineers, so that they perform their responsibility and also to conduct special review in structural framework of the buildings
Future Outlook
Seismic Micro zonation
• The micro zonation which is done for seismic hazard mitigation has to be taken into account while planning the new development area.
• National Vulnerability Assessment methodology (component of earthquake disaster risk management framework)
i. Rapid Visual Screening: only visual evaluation and limited additional information; compulsory for all buildings.
ii. Simplified Vulnerability Assessment: Limited engineering analysis on the basis of information from visual observation and structural drawings; for all buildings with high concentration of people.
iii. Detailed Vulnerability Assessment: Detailed computer analysis; Important for all lifeline and important buildings.
Crime Reductions FactorsThree Planning Components
Transportation
Spatial arrangement
Urban Design
IMPLEMENTATION
Public Transporta
tion
Mixed Land Use
Micro level
Planning
Thank YouAnmol AnandAnusha Matam
Kushagra Sinha
Shivani KhadkeSrishti Arya
Swarna Dutt