Managerial Psychology

Managerial Psychology• Managerial Psychology is a sub discipline

of Psychology or Management, focusing on the understanding of the psychological insight for the whole organizational behavior from the management perspective.

• Managerial psychology is a sub-discipline of industrial and organizational psychology, which focuses on the efficacy of individuals, groups and organizations in the workplace.

• These Managers those who are expertise in Managerial psychology can train and screen job applicants, assist with organizational development, and consult with corporations on a problem-solving basis.

Managerial Psychology

Understanding the individual is seen more than ever before as vital to understanding work behavior.

This perception is accompanied by a growing demand among managers and management thinkers for the insights offered by psychology.

Interpersonal effectiveness is about understanding and managing behavior.

It is important to understand relationships in the working environment for the success of individuals and for the ultimate contributions to the business bottom line.

Managerial

Psychology Aim: Managerial Psychology focus on mastering the

understanding of human relations.

Objectives:

To understand how to manage stress, change and personal

problems.

To understand how to work with diverse groups of people.

To understand how to conduct conflict resolution and the

importance of effective confrontation skills.

To understand the importance of ethics in the work

environment.

To identify effective leadership styles and the importance of

leadership and what makes someone a successful leader.

To understand the difference between leadership and

management.

To learn how to identify skills, motivate, develop and persuade

others.

Managerial Psychology-

Introduction Success of any organization is a direct

reflection of its managerial efficiency

and effectiveness.

A well managed organization can

survive and prosper during the difficult

economic times.

Primarily the managerial ability or

inability that determines the success

or failure of an organization.

Management

Management operates through five basic functions:

Planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding, and controlling.

Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future and generating plans for action(deciding in advance).

Organizing: Making sure the human and nonhuman resources are put into place.

Coordinating: Creating a structure through which an organization's goals can be accomplished.

Commanding: Determining what must be done in a situation and getting people to do it.

Controlling: Checking progress against plans

Organizational Development

Over the years, Organizational Development (OD) has continued its growth and its orientation towards solving organizational problems.

It is certainly an important way of changing and improving organizations.

Schien (1992), mentioned that Organizational Development as a planned change process, managed from the top, taking into account both the technical and the human sides of the organization.

OD has its roots in psychology and sociology, and an extensive work by various academic researchers, with a primary focus to understand organizations and the individuals within them.

Organizational Development

Organizational Development is a professional field of social and scientific inquiry.

Organizational Development covers a wide range of activities, it covers various topics like

The effects of planned change,

The methods of organizational change

The factors influencing Organizational Development’s success.

HISTORY OF OD

In a little over five decades, OD has evolved a complex and diverse body of knowledge and practice.

Because this expertise derives mainly from helping organizations change and improve themselves,

The history of OD can be understood in terms of the kinds of changes that organizations have implemented over this time period.

These include the changes like

(1) Social processes

(2)Work designs;

(3) Human resources

(4) Organization structures.

Although these changes are interrelated, each represents a distinct background in the growth of OD.

Introduction to Managerial

Psychology Success of any organization is a direct

reflection of its managerial efficiency.

A well managed organization can survive and even prosper during the most difficult economic times.

Business success depends upon the managerial ability

The skill required for the management such as technical, analytical, conceptual and human skills.

Human skill

Human Skill that poses the greatest

challenge to management due to

complexity of human psychological

process and unpredictability of human

behavior.

Human skill require effective

interaction with others and the quality

of this interaction determine the team

spirit and dedication within the

organization.

Management

Management is commonly defined as

“getting work done through other

people.”

Organization: Organizations are

social inventions for accomplishing

goals through group effort.(Gary

Johns).

Eg: Business, schools, hospitals,

fraternal groups, religious bodies,

government agencies.

Managerial Psychology

Psychology: Psyche + Logos

Psyche: Study of soul

Soul is responsible for various activities of man such as thinking, imagining, reasoning etc.

Logos: Rational Course of study or science.

Mind: mind is a combination of sum total of mental process and it stands for personal internal experience of man.

Managerial Psychology

Mind is a virtual entity ,one that reflects the working of the neutral networks chemical and hormonal system in the brain.

Mind works continuously

There is a constant flow of mental processes one after the other

There are three kinds of mental activities

Cognitive(thinking)

Conative(doing)

Affective(feeling)

Psychology

Psychology is the science of

consciousness. By consciousness we

mean those aspects of human

experience and personality of which

the person himself aware(James

Angell-1910).

Psychology is the science which aims

to give better understanding and

control of the behavior of the organism

as a whole.

Psychology Definitions

Psychology is the science of behavior

and experience.(Skinner)

Psychology as the science of

behavior.(Willium Mc.Dougall)

Managerial Psychology

The use of Psychology is increasing day by day in the field of industry, commerce and business management.

One has to study the psychology of the consumers by applying the psychological principles of needs, motivation, interests, suggestions and individual differences etc.

Psychological researches and their uses have yielded good results in all the areas related to business and industry.

Importance of managerial

Psychology Industrial psychology provided the

most suitable way for the selection,

training and placement of the person

working in the world of trade and

commerce including manufacturing.

Organization

Social inventions:

Gathering of people against plans, machines, building which are essential for the existence of the organization.

People also very essential for the organization.

Accomplishing Goals: All organizations have the reason for its existence.

Goals towards organizational efforts are directed.

Organizational Goal

Primary goal of a commercial

organization is to make money for its

owners.

This goal is interrelated with many

other goals.

Organizational goal must integrate in

its self the personal goals of all the

individuals associated with the

organization.

Group Effort

People ,both as members of the society at large and as a part of an organization, interact with each other and are interdependent.

From the very beginning of human era, people formed groups for various task.

Interdependency is necessary for survival as alone man can accomplish little because many constraints placed upon him, both physiological as well as societal.

Individuals in themselves have physical and intellectual limitations and these limitations can only be overcome by group efforts.

Managerial Skills

A skill is an acquired and learned ability to translate knowledge into performance.

It is competency that allows for performance to be superior in the field in which the worker has the required skill.

All managers need to possess technical ,interpersonal, conceptual, diagnostic skills refer to the knowledge and ability of understanding the processes involved and scientifically analyze problems and opportunities.

Managerial Skills

Technical

skillInterpersonal

Skills

Conceptual

Skills

Diagnostic

Skills

Communicatio

n SkillsPolitical Skills

Managerial Skills- Technical

Skills Technical Skills: Technically involve the use

of knowledge, methods and techniques in performing a job effectively.

Eg: engineers, accountants, computer programmers, analysts have technical skill in their areas acquired through education and training.

This is a specialized knowledge and expertise that is used in day today problems and activities.

This skill is very essential at the lower level of management and desirable at the middle management level.

Top level management requires some technical skill

Managerial Skills-Interpersonal

skill Interpersonal skill is the ability to work

with other people amicably.

It involves patience, trust and genuine involvement in interpersonal relationship.

It is the ability to read and motivate and effectively interact with others.

This will create an environment in which the workers work together as a team with a sense of belonging and dedication and this is truly conductive to high morale that is necessary for organizational success.

Managerial Skills-Conceptual

Skills Conceptual skill is the ability to view the

organization as a whole and as a total entity as well as a system comprised of various parts and subsystems integrated into single unit.

This skill generally depends upon an organized thinking process that deals with understanding of various functions of an organization,

Their interdependence and the relationship of the organization with the outside environment in terms of threats and opportunities.

This skill is particularly needed at the top level management because the executive managers have continuous contact with the outside world.

Managerial Skills-Diagnostic

Skills. Diagnostic skill refers to a managers analytical

ability where he can logically and objectively investigate and analyze a problem or an opportunity .

Use scientific approaches to arrive at a feasible and optimal solution.

It is important however that a manager gets to the roots cause of the problem. So that the solution is real and permanent rather than simply a cosmetic one.

This skill overlaps with other skills because a manager may need to use technical, human, conceptual or political skills to solve the problem that has been diagnosed.

Managerial Skills-Political

Skill Political skill can be described as the ability

to get your own way with out seeming to be selfish or self oriented.

It is the ability to get your share of power and authority and use it with out fear of losing it.

It is the most complex skill in the sense that it is required to establish the right connections, impressing the right people and then skillfully using these connections to your own advantage.

Political skill is most important at the middle management level because middle managers always aspire to reach the top levels of management.