Presentation by-Deepak Rawal

Assistant ProfessorMohanlal Sukhadia University

Udaipur India

MAMMALIA CLASSIFICATION

General characters• Mammology- study of mammals• Presence of hair• Female have mammary glands for for suckling the young• Skin glands such as sebaceous (oil) gland and sweat gland present• Muscular diaphragm present between thoracic and abdominal cavity• Dicondylic skull• Cervical vertebrae 7 in number• Heterodont and thecodont teeth• Warm blooded (homeothermic)• Small and non-nucleated R.B.C.• Metanephric kideys• Ureotelic excretion• Brain highly evolved and convulated• 4 optic lobes forms corpora quadrigemina• Corpus callosum present connecting both cerebral hemispheres except

monotremes and marsupials• 12 pairs of cranial nerves• External ear opening with pinna except monotremes and middle ear with

malleus, incus and stapes• Viviparous except egg laying monotremes

CLASS- MAMMALIA

SUBCLASS- PROTOTHERIA

ORDER- MONOTREMATA

SUBCLASS- METATHERIA

ORDER- MARSUPIALIA

SUBCLASS- EUTHERIA

ORDER- MONOTREMATA• Cloaca present• Teeth in young beak in adult• Oviparous with reptile like

characters• Found only in Australian region• Mammary glands without teats• No corpus callosum• Pinna absent• No placenta• Example- Ornithorhynchus

(Platypus/duckbill) and Echidna (spiny anteater)

ORDER- MARSUPIALIA

• Brood pouch or marsupium present in female

• Double vagina and uterus

• Corpus callosum absent

• Pinna present• Example- Macropus

(kangaroo)

Marsupials after birth

SUBCLASS- EUTHERIA• MNEMONICS- CIDCARCHESTLPPP

• ORDER- INSECTIVOTRA• ORDER- CHIROPTERA• ORDER- DERMOPTERA• ORDER- EDENTATA• ORDER- PHOLIDOTA• ORDER- TUBULIDENTATA• ORDER- RODENTIA• ORDER- LAGOMORPHA• ORDER- CETACEA• ORDER- SIRENIA• ORDER- CARNIVORA• ORDER- HYRACOIDEA• ORDER- PROBOSCIDEA• ORDER- PERRISODACTYLA• ORDER- ARTIODACTYLA• ORDER- PRIMATES

ORDER- INSECTIVORA

• Small primitive mammals

• Long pointed snout• Plantigrade feet with

claws• Nocturnal • Dental formula=

2×3143/3143• Example- Sorex

(shrew)

ORDER- CHIROPTERA• Flying mammals (bats)• Limbs are with patagium (folds of skin)• Sternum with keel for attachment of flight muscles• Large pinnae• Knee are directed backward• During daytime they found suspended by their feet• Nocturnal• Capable of echolocation which helps them to locate object during

flight• Example- Pteropus (flying fox)

ORDER- DERMOPTERA

• Lateral furry skin form patagium

• Gliding mammal called flying lemur

• Nocturnal and hang like bats

• Example- Cynocephalus (flying squirrel)

ORDER- EDENTATA

• Anteaters, armadillos and sloths

• Teeth absent in anteaters• In armadillos and sloths

incisors and canines are absent and molars present without enamal

• Toes with long claws• Example- Myrmecophaga

(giant anteater), Dasypus (armadillo) and Bradypus(3-toed sloth)

ORDER- PHOLIDATA

• Body covered with large horny scales

• No teeth • Tongue long and

protrusible for capturing insects

• Example- Manis (pangolin/scaly anteater)

ORDER- TUBULIDENTATA

• Tongue slender and protrusible

• Teeth lack enamal• Ears are long, erect

and pointed• Exampe- Orycteropus

(aardvark/cape anteater)

ORDER- RODENTIA

• Largest order• Gnawing mammals• Each jaw with one

pair of incisors• Canines absent • Gap between incisors

and molars is called diastema

• Plantigrades• Example- Rattus (rat)

ORDER- LAGOMORPHA

• Canines absent• Diatema present• 2 pairs of incisor in

upper jaw• Example- Oryctolagus

(rabbit)

ORDER- CETACEA• Large marine fish like mammals• Neck absent• Hair present only in embryo• Forelimbs are modifiied into flippers• Tail divided into horizontal flukes• Hindlimbs absent• No external ears• Blubber (fat) present beneath skin• Example- Delphinus (dolphin) and Balaenoptera (blue whale)

ORDER- SIRENIA• Herbivores aquatic mammals• Neck absent• Pinna absent• Paddle like forelimbs• Hindlimbs absent• Horizontal flattened tail• Hairs few• Clavicles absent• Phylogenetically related to ungulates• Example- Halicore (dugong)

ORDER- CARNIVORA• Predatory flesh eating mammals• Claws well developed• Canines large• Mammae are abdominal• Divided in two suborder• Suborder- Fissipedia (terrestrial forms); Example-

Panthera tigris (tiger)• Suborder- Pinnipedia (marine forms)• Example- Phoca (seal)

ORDER- HYRACOIDEA

• Snout,ear and legs short• Forelimbs with 4 fingers• Hindlimbs with 3 toes• No canines• Lower incisors are comb like• Example- Hyrax (procavia)

ORDER- PERRISODACTYLA

• Odd toed (1 to 3) hoofed animals (ungulates)

• Unguligrades• Herbivores• Horns absent• Stomach is simple• Example- Equus (horse)

ORDER- ARTIODACTYLA

• Even toed (2 to 4) hoofed animals (ungulates)• Somach complex (4 chambered)• Ruminants except pigs• Horns or antlers may present• herbivores• Example- Bubalus (water buffalo)

ORDER- PROBOSCIDEA• Largest living land animals• Pinna large • Skin thick and hairless• Nose and upper lip modified as an elongated flexible trunk• Two upper incisors elongated as ivory tusks• Legs pillar like not bend at knees• Example- Elephas maximus (indian elephant)

ORDER- PRIMATES

• Nails present• High intelligence quotient• Eyes turned forward for binocular vision• First finger opposable forms thumb• Primarily arboreal• Includes monkeys, apes and humans• Example- Homo sapiens