Major Incident and Disaster Response

Copyright Protected 2005: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Police TechnologyPolice TechnologyChapter SeventeenChapter Seventeen

Major IncidentMajor Incident

AndAnd

Disaster ResponseDisaster Response


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Be familiar with Be familiar with Federal Emergency Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)Management Agency (FEMA) and and understand understand Incident Command Incident Command System (ICS)System (ICS)

Understand how technology can Understand how technology can enhance the different organizational enhance the different organizational missions, goals, and objectives at a missions, goals, and objectives at a major incident or disastermajor incident or disaster


Understand the importance of an Understand the importance of an Incident Command Post (ICP)Incident Command Post (ICP)

Understand the typical configuration Understand the typical configuration of an of an Emergency Operations Center Emergency Operations Center (EOC)(EOC)

Explore some of the technologies Explore some of the technologies used in the response to major used in the response to major incidents and disastersincidents and disasters

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives


IntroductionIntroduction

A A major incidentmajor incident is any incident where is any incident where one police officer assumes the one police officer assumes the responsibility to direct the actions of responsibility to direct the actions of two or more officers at the scene of an two or more officers at the scene of an incidentincident

A A disaster disaster is any unexpected is any unexpected occurrence that disrupts routine life in occurrence that disrupts routine life in a community for more than twenty-four a community for more than twenty-four hours and causes life of life or property.hours and causes life of life or property.


Two types of disastersTwo types of disasters

NaturalNatural A Geological eventA Geological event

(e.g., earthquake, (e.g., earthquake, landslide, sinkhole)landslide, sinkhole)

Weather-related Weather-related event (e.g., event (e.g., Hurricane, flood, Hurricane, flood, fire)fire) Photograph provided by Robert Eplett, California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services


Two types of disastersTwo types of disasters

Human causedHuman caused Aircraft crashAircraft crash Chemical spillChemical spill Traffic Collision Traffic Collision

(100-car pile-ups)(100-car pile-ups) Major crime Major crime

incidentincident

(Hostage situations, (Hostage situations, North Hwy North Hwy shootout)shootout)

Photograph provided by Robert Eplett, California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services


DisastersDisasters

The first step The first step in returning to in returning to a state of a state of normalcy is normalcy is establishing establishing leadership leadership over the over the incident. incident.



Incident Command SystemIncident Command System

Consider ICS an Consider ICS an organizational organizational technology!technology!




An organizational model for command, An organizational model for command, control, and coordination of an agency’s control, and coordination of an agency’s response to an unusual occurrence. response to an unusual occurrence.

Originally developed by firefighters to Originally developed by firefighters to coordinate multiple agency response to coordinate multiple agency response to an emergencyan emergency

Law enforcement do not have as many Law enforcement do not have as many mutual aid experiences as the fire mutual aid experiences as the fire serviceservice


Standardized Emergency Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)Management System (SEMS)

Requires state law enforcement Requires state law enforcement to use SEMS so they will be to use SEMS so they will be eligible for state funding. eligible for state funding.

Encourages local agencies to Encourages local agencies to use SEMSuse SEMS

In 1994, FEMA adopted SEMSIn 1994, FEMA adopted SEMS


National Incident Management National Incident Management SystemSystem

After 9/11, one of the major After 9/11, one of the major recommendations of the 9/11 recommendations of the 9/11 Commission was the adoption of the Commission was the adoption of the National Incident Management National Incident Management SystemSystem

There was a clear difference between There was a clear difference between the responses in New York (no the responses in New York (no adoption of ICS) and Washington, DC adoption of ICS) and Washington, DC (where ICS had been adopted.(where ICS had been adopted.

New Information



National Incident Management National Incident Management SystemSystem

NIMS is nearly NIMS is nearly identical to identical to SEMS/ICSSEMS/ICS

NIMS is required for NIMS is required for federal funding from federal funding from the Department of the Department of Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

The primary The primary concept is concept is Unified Unified CommandCommand


New Information



Incorporates 7 Incorporates 7 basic basic emergency emergency management management conceptsconcepts

Unified commandUnified command Modular OrganizationModular Organization Span of ControlSpan of Control Common terminologyCommon terminology Consolidated action Consolidated action

plansplans Comprehensive Comprehensive

resource resource ManagementManagement

Communication Communication InteroperabilityInteroperability


The modular organization of the ICS organizational The modular organization of the ICS organizational structure has five primary components: structure has five primary components:

Incident Command

er

Planning Section

Operations Section

Logistics Section

Finance/

Admin.

Section



The Incident Commander should be the The Incident Commander should be the most qualified person,most qualified person, not merely the not merely the highest-ranking individual. highest-ranking individual.

The The first responderfirst responder is generally the Incident is generally the Incident Commander unless and until that Commander unless and until that responsibility is assumed by a more responsibility is assumed by a more qualified person. qualified person.



Situation EstimateSituation Estimate

Location of incidentLocation of incident Perceived area involvedPerceived area involved Type of incidentType of incident Special hazardsSpecial hazards Types of resources neededTypes of resources needed Ingress and egress routesIngress and egress routes


Incident Command PostIncident Command Post

Is the field office from which the Is the field office from which the incident commander operates incident commander operates (temporary headquarters)(temporary headquarters)

Must be close enough to the incident Must be close enough to the incident to manage itto manage it

Far enough away to not become part Far enough away to not become part of the problem of the problem


Incident Command

er

Planning Section

Operations Section

Logistics Section

Finance/

Admin.

Section

Operations SectionOperations Section

Most First RespondersWork with the Operations

Section


Is responsible for carrying out the Is responsible for carrying out the action plans decided upon by the action plans decided upon by the Incident Commander. Incident Commander.

Action plansAction plans identify objectives identify objectives and strategies (written or oral) and strategies (written or oral)

Operations can branch out Operations can branch out (different functions, locations, (different functions, locations, teams of workers)teams of workers)

Operations SectionOperations Section


Incident Command Post Incident Command Post TechnologyTechnology

The patrol vehicle The patrol vehicle is fast become a is fast become a mobile office. mobile office.

Many police Many police department have department have taken passenger taken passenger police cars and police cars and outfitted them as outfitted them as mobile incident mobile incident command posts. command posts.

Photograph provided by 308 Systems


Bigger ICPsBigger ICPs

Police cars - Trunk-Police cars - Trunk-mounted platforms mounted platforms work well for most work well for most incidents incidents

SUVs – larger, can SUVs – larger, can carry more carry more resources to the resources to the scene of an scene of an incident. incident.

Photographs provided by Troy Products, IncPhotographs provided by Troy Products, Inc


Specialty Vehicle Specialty Vehicle

Can be a converted Can be a converted RV, bus, or tractor RV, bus, or tractor trailer rig. trailer rig.


Emergency Operation CentersEmergency Operation Centers

Can be thought of as a Can be thought of as a complex dispatch center complex dispatch center used for the management used for the management and control of the disaster. and control of the disaster.

May be supplemented by May be supplemented by multiple ICPs in the field. multiple ICPs in the field.


EOC structure similar to ICSEOC structure similar to ICS

Director

Operations

Planning Logistics Admin.


Job of the EOC. . . Job of the EOC. . .

Coordinates all the Coordinates all the activities within a activities within a jurisdiction on a jurisdiction on a wider scale.wider scale.

Relieves some of Relieves some of the admin burden the admin burden from the Incident from the Incident commanders. commanders.

Directs resourcesDirects resources

E O C

ICP1 ICP2

ICP3 ICP4


Technological ConsiderationsTechnological Considerationsfor the First Responderfor the First Responder

Police officers Police officers duties as a major duties as a major incident or disaster incident or disaster include: include:

DO NOT become DO NOT become

part of the problem!part of the problem!

Perimeter controlPerimeter control Incident securityIncident security Traffic controlTraffic control Crowd controlCrowd control Assisting evacuationAssisting evacuation Preserving and Preserving and

collecting evidencecollecting evidence Admin support to ICAdmin support to IC


What’s Not Included? What’s Not Included?

Robots used for Robots used for disarming explosive disarming explosive devices and devices and searching dangerous searching dangerous areasareas

Specialized Specialized protection equipment protection equipment



Police TechnologyPolice Technology

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Major Incident and Disaster Response