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Majiang Civilization Ke Peng| Student’s Presentations for Languages & Cultures of East Asia Presented By Qiyang Qiao

Majiang Civilization

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This is a presentation made by Qiyang Qiaoin one of my classes (Languages & Cultures of East Asia) at University of Arizona. All rights are reserved by the author.

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Page 1: Majiang Civilization

Majiang Civilization

Ke Peng| Student’s Presentations for

Languages & Cultures of East Asia

Presented By

Qiyang Qiao

Page 2: Majiang Civilization

What is Majiang ?

Page 3: Majiang Civilization

What is Majiang ?

• Overall speaking, Majiang is a game for four players that originated in China. It involves skill, strategy, and calculation, as well as a certain degree of chance. Depending on the variation which is played, luck can be anything from a minor to a dominant factor in success. In Asia, which is played, luck can be anything from a minor to a dominant factor in success. In Asia, Majiang is also popularly played as a gambling game. In this game, you are given either thirteen (mainland and Hong Kong style) or sixteen (Taiwan style) tiles for a hand which is depending on the variation being played.

Page 4: Majiang Civilization

What is Majiang ? (Cont.)

• When your turn comes, you draw a tile and

discard one. Your goal is to make four or five

melds and a pair, or "head". You win "on the

draw", by drawing a new or discarded tile that draw", by drawing a new or discarded tile that

completes your hand. Thus a winning hand

actually contains fourteen (or seventeen) tiles.

Page 5: Majiang Civilization

How Does Majiang Organized

• Wan (10 thousand)

• Bing (Circle)

Page 6: Majiang Civilization

How Does Majiang Organized (Cont.)

• Tiao or Suo (line or stripe)

• Characters

Page 7: Majiang Civilization

A misunderstanding for Majiang

• Majiang is branded as the quintessence with Beijing opera in China.

• When it comes to Majiang, usually people will combine it with “gambling opium”.combine it with “gambling opium”.

• Majiang essentially is not a bad thing but a daughter of the long historic Chinese culture.

• On some level, Majiang is the main stream of Chinese civilization in that it has reflected many aspects of ancient Chinese culture.

Page 8: Majiang Civilization

The Origin of Majiang

• Shui Hu Zhuang version: Majiang represents the 108 characters in the novel.

• Zheng He (a famous Chinese sailor) version: the five directions stand for the essential elements for sailing and Wan, Bing, Tiao represent the for sailing and Wan, Bing, Tiao represent the currency in Ming dynasty.

• Ning Bo version: a lot of Majiang language have the same pronunciation with Ni Bo dialect.

• Jiang Su Tai Cang version: Majiang comes from empirical barn.

Page 9: Majiang Civilization

Majiang is not made by a person or an

organization.

• Majiang is created by the development of

Chinese social activities and entertainments.

• Majiang corresponds to the taste of demotic

entertainment and traditional Chinese culture.entertainment and traditional Chinese culture.

• Majiang has become a fashionable game

which is enjoyed by young and old throughout

the history.

Page 10: Majiang Civilization

Traditional Chinese Philosophical

Concepts in Majiang

• Taoism

• Mathematics

• War strategic

• Confucianism• Confucianism

• Astronomy

• Calendar

Page 11: Majiang Civilization

Taoism in Majiang

• The seven special character tiles (East, West, South, North, Central, Blank and Wealth)

• Taoism was focused on Wu Xing (Five Elements) and Ba Gua. They believe that the world is made by the five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

• East-Jia, Yi, Wood; West-Geng, Xin, Gold; South-Bing, Ding, Fire; North-Ren, Gui, Water; Central-Wu, Yi, Earth.

• Ancient Chinese believe that the world is organized by a round sky and a squarish ground. So Baiban (blank tile) represents the ground whereas Facai (wealth tile) represents the sky.

Page 12: Majiang Civilization

Mathematics in Majiang

• Wan, Bing and Tiao represent the three form of existence of substance respectively.

• The entire world was basically organized by circles, lines and the transformation from circles and lines. On top of that, the numbers represent the quantity of the that, the numbers represent the quantity of the substances in the world.

• 3 is the cardinal number and 9 is the limited number.

• 12 accounts for a fairly important position. For instance, traditional Chinese culture has the 12 animals which stand for human`s sign, and one day has 12 Shichens (1 Shichen =2 hours) in Chinese calendar.

Page 13: Majiang Civilization

Mathematics in Majiang (Cont.)

• In Majiang, 144 are the square of 12 yet 108 (the

total number of three main tiles) is the multiple

of 12.

• In order to win the game, the super player usually • In order to win the game, the super player usually

has a very good mathematic background for

probability, arrangement and probability.

• Sometimes people are supposed to give up

winning just because the bonus is too small and

he still has a chance to make a “big one” .

Page 14: Majiang Civilization

War Strategic in Majiang

• Tile maneuver, Tile suspension, Tile unfamiliarity (Majiang Language).

• The player performs as a commander with abundant experiences, trying to conquer the abundant experiences, trying to conquer the other three troops.

• Guessing, estimating, and adventuring are throughout the whole game.

• Spying on the former player; supervising the latter player; watching the opposite player.

Page 15: Majiang Civilization

Confucianism in Majiang

• The mood when the players are playing Majiang.

• All the Majiang masters have a same characteristic; that is the pacific temper which is strongly advocated by Confucianism.

Maintain a pacific temper from the beginning to • Maintain a pacific temper from the beginning to the end.

• The lack of patient will always push the player into a dangerous situation which one can hardly make a correct decision and very easy to “set the fire”.

Page 16: Majiang Civilization

Astronomy and Calendar Relationship

with Majiang

• The 8 flower tiles: spring, summer, fall, winter, chrysanthemum, orchid, bamboo and wintersweet.

• The ancient Chinese use spring, summer, fall, winter to form the calendar and which are just suitable for the four season tiles and their special flowers.four season tiles and their special flowers.

• Every player has 13 tiles. 13 times 4 are 52 and a year is organized by 52 weeks.

• Another origin hypothesis it that majiang is invented by Seng Yixing, a prestigious researcher for calendar and astronomy.

Page 17: Majiang Civilization

Prerequisite for A Proficient Majiang

Player

• One can speak out the Chinese name for each

tile.

• In a good mathematic standing.

• Good memory.• Good memory.

• Good at reading people by looking at other

players` characteristics.

• Be polite.

Page 18: Majiang Civilization

Majiang Rites

• Each Player represent a direction.

• One is the dealer, the dealer is like the leader

of the game. Game starts from him.

• The game runs counterclockwise.• The game runs counterclockwise.

• The players need to draw the tiles clockwise.

• Player is responsible for speaking out the

name of his throwing-out tiles to remind the

other players.

Page 19: Majiang Civilization

Basic Playing Rules

• 4 melds plus 1 pair.

• About-to-win player has 13 tiles, he win the one he needed to make the 4+1 series.

• Hu (win) can be self-made or somebody set • Hu (win) can be self-made or somebody set the fire.

• Peng (bump) and Chi (eat)

• Gang is a special action which will increase your bonus and player need to draw a tile from the tail. (3+1)

Page 20: Majiang Civilization

Special Winning Suit

• 13 Yaos

Page 21: Majiang Civilization

Special Winning Suit (cont.)

• 7 pairs

Page 22: Majiang Civilization

Basic Wining suit

• Pure Flush

Page 23: Majiang Civilization

Basic Wining suit (Cont.)

• Mixed Flush

Page 24: Majiang Civilization

Basic Wining suit (Cont.)

• Peng Peng Win

Page 25: Majiang Civilization

What They Need to Win?

Page 26: Majiang Civilization

What They Need to Win? (Cont.)

Page 27: Majiang Civilization

What They Need to Win? (Cont.)

Page 28: Majiang Civilization

Today`s Majiang

• New technology is used for playing Majiang

• Automatic Majiang Table

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cRIM56P

xKM&feature=relatedxKM&feature=related

• A Growing Number of Majiang Competition

Organizations has set up.

• People play Majiang all over the world.

Page 29: Majiang Civilization

Any Questions?

Thanks