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Loob, Sarili and Kapwa in Social Philosophy
Joemar T. MaganteMATSS
Filipino Philosophy
Non-individualistic Tied with groups called
“SAKOP”
Filipino Social Philosophy
Sakop is the place where he says “TAYO”
Tayo-tayo is where fellowship prevails.
Filipino Social Philosophy
Sakop can be either one’s relatives, fraternity members, barkada and the like.
For indigenous Filipinos, their concept of sakop is tribe calling their members as “katribo”
Filipino Social Philosophy
Sakop can be either one’s relatives, fraternity members, barkada and the like.
For indigenous Filipinos, their concept of sakop is tribe calling their members as “katribo”
Filipino Social Philosophy
Kapwa is “a recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with other”
(Virgilio Enriquez, 1992)
Filipino Social Philosophy
KapwaThe “unity of the one-of-us-and-the-other”, according to Virgilio Enriquez who declared the concept as a Filipino core value.Kapwa, meaning ‘togetherness’, is the core construct of Filipino Psychology.
2 Categories of Kapwa1. Ibang Tao (outsider) 5 domains:
a. Pakikitungo: civility b. Pakikisalamuha: act of mixingc. Pakikilahok: act of joiningd. Pakikibagay: conformitye. Pakikisama: being united with the
group
2 Categories of Kapwa2. Hindi Ibang Tao (one-of-us) 3 domains:a. Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trustb. Pakikisangkot: act of joining othersc. Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others.
Pakikipagkapwa (shared identity) Definition:
This idea of “shared self” opens up the heart-doors of the I to include the Other. Here, it is not important if you are rich or poor, or status in society. “People are just people in spite of their age, clothes, diplomas, color or affiliations.”
Concept of Pakikipagkapwa1. Strangers2. Acquaintances3. Peers4. Friend5. Best friend6. Soul mate, Lover
Pakikiramdam: A Pivotal Value Definition:
Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others’ emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with other people. It characterizes Filipino emotion. Enriquez named this emotional quality “shared perception”.
Pakikisama/PakikipagkapwaTo Filipinos, “pakikisama” is a very important trait.
“Pakikisama” is the ability of a person to get along with others to maintain good and harmonious relationships.
It implies camaraderie and togetherness in a group and the cause of one’s being socially accepted.
Pakikisama/Pakikipagkapwa“Pakikisama” requires someone yielding to group opinion, pressuring him to do what he can for the advancement of his group, sacrificing individual welfare for the general welfare.
Pakikisama/Pakikipagkapwa One good aspect of pakikisama exists within close family kinship and is interpreted as helping each other. Pakikisama is defined as an apathy towards others with the readiness to help.
Comparative Oriental Philosophy
Metalinguistic Analysis – understanding the mind of the speaker
Phenomenology of behavior – direct experiences, how people behave
Concept of Loob
Javanese and Filipino culture strive for Harmony and Order
Javanese society is hierarchal manifested by their language.
Concept of Loob
Their group orientation discourages competition.
Individuals should be humble and low profile.
Concept of Loob
Batin means “inner realm of human experience”, also means inner, in the heart, hidden and mysterious.
Concept of Batin
Concept of Batin and LoobBahasa
IndonesiaFilipino
LanguageUtang Bodhi Utang na Loob
Jadilak Kehendakmo(Kehendak means will)
Sundin ang loob mo
Kebatinan Kalooban
Kebatinan is the place where someone meets the Absolute.
Rasa is the intuitive feeling or the way to essential knowledge.
Ngesti is the spiritual discipline.
Lahir is the physical body, outward appearance.
Concept of Batin and Loob
Traditional Filipino World View is that the world is full of spirits.
Aspects of the natural world has power in them. For example: mountains, trees, animals, rivers and also people.
Concept of Loob
Liwanag or light in the sun is the image of power and divine presence.
Life giving powers Also points out the path
of death Indicated the way of the
cross that revolutionaries must take.
Concept of Loob
Attainment of paradise through hardships is also the attainment of liwanag.
Extraordinary beings with transformed kaloobans.
A weak loob is an indication of the state of darkness.
Concept of Loob
Ileto defines LOOB as an inner being which is associated with the ideas of leadership, power, nationalism and revolution.
Loob in Historical Perspective
A purified kalooban requires a special knowledge which was given more to the leaders and less to the members.
Loob in Historical Perspective
LOOB must be continually purified and strengthened.
The forms of sacrifice like prayers and abstinence can purify the soul.
Through sacrifice, a “new man” will emerge.
Loob in Historical Perspective
In the revolutionary sense, Prospero Covar noted that it is necessary to purify the body so that it will be a worthy temple of anting anting or agimat.
Loob in Historical Perspective
Revolutionaries regarded their leaders as men of psychic powers in winning wars.
Powers should be used in good terms and necessary occasions.
Taking advantage of other people is not advised.
Loob in Historical Perspective
Filipino Philosophy is non-dualistic or holistic.
It means that the body is one. Any part can assume the whole.
“I am a body” not “I have a body concept.”
LOOB and KATAWAN
LOOB and KATAWAN: Metalinguistic Analysis – Intellectual ThemeLOOB BODIL Y
EXPRESSIONSMEANING
Alapaap ang kalooban
Gumugulo ang isip
To doubt
Bugaw ang loob
Gulo ang isip Scatter brained
Buhos ang loob
Buo ang atensyon
Concentrated
Bumabagabag na loob
Nalilito ang damdamin
Worried
Hindi maatim ng kalooban
Hindi masikmura
Against the conscience
LOOB and KATAWAN: Metalinguistic Analysis – VolitionalLOOB BODIL Y
EXPRESSIONSMEANING
Bukal sa loob Pusong bato Stubborn
Buong loob Taos puso VoluntaryKaisang loob Kaisa sa puso Mutual
Malamig ang loob
Malamig na pagtingin
Coolness
Wala sa loob Walang gana No desire
LOOB and KATAWAN: Metalinguistic Analysis – Emotional
LOOB BODIL Y EXPRESSIONS
MEANING
Bigat ng loob Bigat ng dugo Ill feelings
Lumuwag ang loob
Ginhawa At ease
Pait ng loob Sakit sa damdamin
Bitterness
Sama ng loob Hinanakit Troubled heart
LOOB and KATAWAN: Metalinguistic Analysis – Ethical
LOOB BODIL Y EXPRESSIONS
MEANING
Bukas ang loob Bukas palad Charitable
Kagandahang loob
Kabaitan Goodness
Tinig sa loob Budhi Conscience
Loob na halaghag
Halang ang bituka
Greedy
Kaputol or utol means brother or sister
Kapatid or patid also means brother and sister.
Laman sa aking katawan and Dugo sa aking dugo or offspring
Social Dimensions of Loob
Sarili as SELF Sarili as FREEDOM Sarili as PROPERTY Sarili as EXPRESSION
Loob and Sarili
Sarili points to the man’s being or personhood.
Sarili means pagkatao. Self is not separate from
personhood. It is the whole self.
Sarili as SELF
Sabi ko sa sarili ko (I said to myself)
Aking sarili (Myself) Iyong sarili (Yourself) Paggalang sa sarili (Self
respect) Makasarili (Selfish)
Sarili as SELF
Sariling pag-iisip – free thinking
Sariling paraan – own ways and means
Magsarili – live independently
Kasarinlan – indepence and autonomy
Sarili as FREEDOM
Sariling bayan – own country
Sariling pera – own money Sariling gamit – own things Sariling atin – our very own Walang sarili – nothing of
one’s own
Sarili as PROPERTY
No original word for privacy. No other party should see and
hear what you are doing. Example is “mag usap tayo ng
sarilinan”, “hayaan mo akong makapag-isa”
It applies to sakop as well – communal.
“Pahiram nga ng ating batya”
Sarili as PRIVACY
Differentiate ISIP (reason) from BAIT.
ISIP is thought, intelligence, sense or judgment.
BAIT is intrinsic goodness and sense or consciousness.
Filipino concept of bait is both emotional and intellectual or hollistic.
LOOB and BAIT
Sarili is a bigger umbrella which embraces loob and katawan which is inseparable with soul and spirit.
Loob is an interior aspect of sarili.
Conclusion
The Filipino looks at himself as a self, as one who feels and wills, as who thinks and acts as a total whole conscious of his freedom, dignity and sensitive to the violation of these.
Conclusion