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MEASURED DRAWING 2017 (ARC60305) | KEDAH ROYAL MUSEUM

Figure 5.55 Pointed arch on the Sultan’s entrance staircase (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.56 North West Elevation Drawing (TRM, 2017)

Figure 5.57 Arch with ornamentation (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.58 Arches on the front entrance façade (How, 2017)

Figure 5.59 Pointed arch on the Sultan’s entrance staircase (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.60 Timber flooring construction details (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.61 Timber stilt construction details (Renovate, 2008)

Figure 5.62 Timber flooring plan of Kedah Royal Museum (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.63 The floor bearing beam is placed on the middle top of column (Home Buidng Answer, 2008)

Figure 5.64 Section details of flooring (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.65 Column functioned as stilt (Wong, 2017)

Figure 5.66 Flooring bearing is laid on the column (Wong, 2017)

Figure 5.67 Mortice and Tenon joint method (Roy Beardmore, 2009)

Figure 5.68 Connection between floor joist and bearer (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.69 Connection between floor joist, bearer and column (Sii, 2017)

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Figure 5.85 Plan view of concrete staircase on veranda (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.86 Elevation view of concrete staircase on veranda (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.87 Construction details of concrete staircase on veranda (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.88 Roof overview (How, 2017)

Figure 5.89 The construction details of the roof in the exterior. (Chong, 2017)

Figure 5.90 Roof details (Renovate, 2008)

Figure 5.91 The construction details of clay roof tiles. (InspectApedia)

Figure 5.92 Roof construction details (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.93 Roof system section view (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.94 Roof construction details (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.95 Hanging veranda with extended roof (Lim, 2017)

Figure 5.96 Overhang roof above a timber staircase on outdoor of Kedah Royal Museum (Lim, 2017)

Figure 5.97 Connection method of column and roof bearer is Mortice and Tenoin joint (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.98 Beam and post of overhang roof on timber staircase (Lim, 2017)

Figure 5.99 The joint of roof bearer and column (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.100 Common truss used in Kedah Royal Museum (Chin, 2017)

Figure 5.101 Raised tie king post truss used in Kedah Royal Museum (Chong, 2017)

Figure 5.102 Raised tie king post truss construction details (Civil Engineers Forum, 2016)

Figure 5.103 Joint of common truss with roof (Chin, 2017)

Figure 5.104 Joint of common truss with beam (Chin, 2017)

Figure 5.105 Joint method of roof supporting system in veranda (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.106 Details of rafter, roof bearer and column in veranda (Chin, 2017)

Figure 5.107 Joint system of roof bearer and column in veranda (Chin, 2017)

Figure 5.108 Joint system of roof bearer, beams and column inside of Kedah Royal Museum (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.109 Joint method of roof supporting system on interior of museum (Sii, 2017)

Chapter 6 ComparisonFigure 6.1 Location of Kedah Royal Museum (Google Maps)

Figure 6.2 Location of Istana Bandar (Google Maps)

Figure 6.3 Marble staircase tiles (AmericanGraniteOnline)

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Figure 6.4 Terracotta roof tiles (Pak Clay Industry, 2010)

Figure 6.5 Roof overview (How, 2017)

Figure 6.6 Ceiling overview (Chong, 2017)

Figure 6.7 Roof overview (Jian Jun, 2015)

Figure 6.8 Ceiling overview (Jian Jun, 2015)

Figure 6.9 Colonial style Door (Lim Shen, 2017)

Figure 6.10 Shutter Window (Lim Shen, 2017)

Figure 6.11 Mughal style Door (Jian Jun, 2015)

Figure 6.12 Moorish style Window (Jian Jun, 2015)

Figure 6.13 Fusion Gate Frame (Lim, 2017)

Figure 6.14 Colonial style Column (Pe, 2017)

Figure 6.15 Mughal style gate frame (Jian Jun, 2015)

Figure 6.16 Moorish style column (Jian Jun, 2015)

AAdorned - to decorate or add beauty to, as by ornaments

Adjacent - just before, after, or facing

Adjoining - being in contact at some point or line; located next to another; bordering; contiguous:

Attic - the part of a building, especially of a house, directly under a roof; garret. / a low story or decorative wall above an entablature or the main cornice of a building.

BBalustrades - a railing with supporting balusters/ spindle.

CCeded - to yield or formally surrender to another

Conjunction - the act of conjoining; combination

Corrosion - a product of corroding, as rust

Coronet - an ornament, more or less pedimental in form, situated over a door or window

Cultivation - culture; refinement.

glossary

glossary

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9


Curvilinear - formed or characterized by curved lines

DDegradations - In Chemistry term, the breakdown of an organic compound.(the act of degrading, as noun)

Deterioration - to make or become worse or inferior in character, quality, value, etc.(the act or process of deteriorating)

Distinctive - having a special quality, style, attractiveness, etc.; notable

EElliptical - pertaining to or having the form of an ellipse

Embedded - to surround tightly or firmly; envelop or enclose/ to fix into a surrounding mass

Embellishment - to beautify by or as if by ornamentation; ornament (the act of embellishing)

Encompass - to form a circle about; encircle; surround

Entourage - the landscaping and other nearby environmental featuresshown on a rendering of a building

FFlanking - Fortification: the right or left side of a work or fortification. / to stand or be placed or posted at the flank or side of

Fortification - the act of fortifying or strengthening

GGable - the portion of the front or side of a building enclosed by or masking theend of a pitched roof.

Gourd - a gourd-shaped, small- necked bottle or flask.

Grandeur - the quality or state of being exalted in some deliberate way

Grid - a rectangular system of coordinates used in locating the principal elements of a plan

HHalving - to divide into two equal parts

IInadequate - not adequate or sufficient; inept or unsuitable

glossary

173.


Indigenous - originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native

Inducement - to lead or move by persuasion or influence, as to some action or state of mind (the act of inducing)

Impulsive - having the power or effect of impelling; characterized by impulsion

Instigated - to urge, provoke, or incite to some action or course

Interpretation - an explanation of the meaning of another’s artistic or creative work; anelucidation

Intricate - having many interrelated parts or facets; entangled or involved

LLineage - the line of descendants of a particular ancestor; family

Louvers - any of a series of narrow openings framed at their longer edges withslanting, overlapping fins or slas, adjustable for admitting light and airwhile shutting out rain.

Lustre - a shining object, especially one used for decoration, as a cut-glass pendant or ornament

MMansard - a hip roof, each face of which has a steeperlower part and a shallower upper part

Mausoleum - a burial place for the bodies or remains of many individuals, often of a single family, usually in the form of a small building

Motif - a distinctive and recurring form, shape, figure, etc., in a design, as in a painting, carvings or on wallpaper.

NNewel - the horizontal section of railing at the upper or lowered

OOpium - the dried, condensed juice of a poppy, Papaver somniferousthat has anarcotic, soporific, analgesic, and astringent effect and contains morphine, codeine, papaverine, and other alkaloids used in medicine in their isolated or derived forms: a narcotic substance, poisonous in large doses.

PPatriarchal - of or relating to a patriarch, the male head of a family, tribe, community, church, order, etc.:

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174.


Penetrate - to pierce or pass into or through/ to enter the interior of

Pinnacles - a relatively small, upright structure, commonly terminating in a gable, a pyramid, or a cone, rising above the roof or coping of abuilding, or capping a tower, buttress, or other projecting architectural member.

Protruding - to thrust forward; cause to project

RRecrystallization - In Metallurgy, to acquire a new granular structure with newcrystals because of plastic deformation, as when hot-worked

Resin - a substance of this type obtained from certain pines; rosin

Ridge - the horizontal line in which the tops of the rafters of a roof meet

Rigid - stiff or unyielding; not pliant or flexible; hard

SSalient - projecting or pointing outward

Savour - the quality in a substance that affects the sense of taste or of smell

contentscontentsDeclarationAcknowledgementList of Figures and DiagramsTable of ContentsAbstract

1.0 Introduction1.1 Introduction to Research 1.2 Aims and Objectives of Research1.3 Materials and Equipments1.4 Limitations1.5 Methodology

2.0 Site Background2.1 Malaysia 2.1.1 Social Economy 2.1.2 Architecture

2.2 Kedah 2.2.1 History of Kedah 2.2.2 Geography 2.2.3 Climate 2.2.4 Economy 2.2.5 Social and Cultural Context 2.2.6 Architecture


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Figure 5.70The arrangement of floor joist (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.71 Interior timber staircase (Wong, 2017)

Figure 5.72 Exterior timber staircase (Tan, 2107)

Figure 5.73 Plan view of timber staircase (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.74 Elevation view of timber staircase (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.75 Cconstruction details of timber staircase (Koh, 2017)

Figure 5.76 Construction details and method of timber staircase (Ritchie)

Figure 5.77 Back view of timber staircase (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.78 Details of timber staircase (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.79 Details of timber staircase (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.80 Concrete staircase on the veranda (Tan, 2017)

Figure 5.81 Concrete staircase with marble tiles on the museum entrance (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.82 Timber staircase with concrete railing on the Sultan entrance (Sii, 2017)

Figure 5.83 The side view of museum entrance concrete staircase (Tan, 2017)

Figure 5.84 The side view of Sultan entrance concrete staircase (Sii, 2017)

contents

2.3 Alor Setar 2.3.1 Demography 2.3.2 Geography 2.3.3 Climate 2.3.4 History

3.0 Historical Background3.1 Sultanate of Kedah 3.1.1 Descendants of the Sultans 3.1.2 Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’azam Shah (1735-1778) 3.1.3 Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah II (1778-1797) 3.1.4 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II (1804-1845) 3.1.5 Sultan Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I (1845-1854) 3.1.6 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah III (1854-1879) 3.1.7 Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu’adzam Shah II (1879-1881) 3.1.8 Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (1882-1943)

3.2 Kedah Royal Museum 3.2.1 Geography 3.2.2 Evolution of Building’s Function 3.2.3 Summary of Historical Timeline

3.3 Changes to the building 3.3.1 Invasion of Bugis, Siamese, Japanese 3.3.2 Extension of building 3.3.3 Conservation works


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4.0 Architectural Development4.1 Influences 4.1.1 Architectural Influences 4.1.2 Cultural Influences

4.2 Site Context 4.2.1 Significant buildings/ landmarks 4.2.2 Hardscape 4.2.3 Softscape 4.2.4 Additional Features

4.3 Design Concept

4.4 Spatial Planning 4.4.1 Massing 4.4.2 Classification of spaces 4.4.3 Activities in spaces 4.4.4 Circulation

4.5 Design Principles

4.6 Ornamentation 4.6.1 Interior 4.6.2 Exterior

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4.7 Materials 4.7.1 Material Handling Technique

4.8 Climate Considerations 4.8.1 Tropical Building Design Consideration in Kedah Royal Museum

5.0 Building Details5.1 Structural Components

5.2 Construction Details

6.0 Comparisons

7.0 Conclusion

8.0 References

Glossary

9.0 Appendix

Photobook

Scaled Drawings

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Secular - of or relating to worldly things or to things that are not regarded asreligious, spiritual, or sacred; temporal

Shrinkage - reduction or depreciation in quantity, value

Sovereignty - supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state or community

Stilt - one of two poles, each with a support for the foot at some distance above the bottom end, enabling the wearer to walk with his or her feet above the ground.

Streak - a portion or layer of something, distinguished by color or nature from the rest; a vein or stratum

Susceptible - admitting or capable of some specified treatment

TThrives - to grow or develop vigorously; flourish

VVibe - very informal usage in vocabulary and idiom that is characteristically more metaphorical, playful, ellitical, vivid, and ephemeral than ordinary language

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175.


INTERVIEW with Ms Rahimah (Kedah Royal Museum)

1.The development of Kedah Royal Museum history in terms of architecture. The first palace was built in Kedah under the demand of Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’azam Shah (1778-1797) on 1710. 1726, the building started to construct with 3 parts (masjid, rumah and penghapadan-the place he meet the puteri).

1821-1824, the palace was left empty. Sultan and his people flee from Kedah to penang during the Buggies invasion. The palace was burned down by Buggies invaders in rage.1842, the Sultan and his people returned to Kedah and rebuilt the palace. 1856, the palace was rebuilt under the command of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah accordingly to the previous design but there was new extension specially added for Sultan wife, who is Wan Mat Saman sister, Mak Wan Besar.

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WWII, Japan invaded Kedah and occupied the palace as administration office. Then, Japan present Kedah to Siam as a token of appreciation for the ease of access to Malaya.1904, the building was renowned as istana pelamin, as the wedding of Sultan Abdul Halim Hamid Shah’s princes and princesses for 90 days and his people were all welcome to attend the wedding. After a long time, the royal family was no longer stay in their position the palace was abandoned.

In 20th century, the palace was turned into a school which teach girls to learned cooking, …etc. Then, the palace was once abandoned so it became a place for school society or club to have their activities. 2008, the palace was finally transformed into a museum till today.

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5. Why are there lesser ornaments then other building?When Sultan Abdul Hamid relocate the palace to Medan Bandar, he bring the British influence to the newly renovate palace with some Kedah famous bunga kangkung and bunga telipok to the building. The ornamentation of British itself carry out simplicity and elegance to the palace.

6. What is the difference of this Royal Palace with other palace on that period in terms of architecture style? This royal palace is unique about wood built structure as it was chosen from the finest kind of its categories such as chengal and meranti. Besides, the ornamentation of this palace was keep it simple architecture style.

7. How the building material relate to the climate and affect the building itself?The skeleton of the building was mainly constructed by the finest material such as chengal wood that located in the interior of the palace. Besides plenty wooden window allow natural ventilation to came across the interior of the building itself.

8. How they measure the building during that period?They use “jengkal” and their feet to measure the building while they constructing.

2. Do the orientation and location related to site has potential?Yes, this site is a great site for sultan to build his palace because there is a road built in front of the site and a river behind it so it make a perfect transportation system for sultan to receive the tribute from his people effectively.

3. What is the material used to build the palace at that period?Initially, the palace is made up of timber, mostly Chengal and Meranti. After undergoing several destructions, cement mixture with duck egg white, honey and sand is used in construction. The later stage is seen to use bricks for walls as well.

4. Is that any purpose for the different level of the spaces and different size of the doors?According to the Malay traditional belief, the higher level of the space is for prince to live in, the normal level is for the princess or the sultan wife and the lower level is for servants. For the door, the widest and highest door is only allow for the sultan to access; a one person size but higher threshold is only allow for prince to access and the normal height of the door is for royal female family to access.

Education

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