SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING SCIENCE II [BLD 61303] [ARC 3413]

PROJECT II: INTEGRATION PROJECT WITH DESIGN STUDIO V

PETALING STREET, IN COMMUNITY LIBRARY

LIGHTING AND ACOUSTICS PROPOSAL REPORT & CALCULATION

LIEW HONG ZHI

0315836

MR SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMY

Day lighting

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very bright > 6 Very large with thermal and glare problems

Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor

Daylight factors and distribution

According to MS1525:2007, the daylight factors should refer to the table above.

Reading area

In this community library, selected area for day lighting analyzing is reading

area. Reading area is located on the second floor of the community library which

facing towards the back lane of the site. The façade design of the rear elevation is

fully exposed to natural sunlight.

Reading area in second floor plan

Daylight Factor (DF) Calculation

Floor area, m2 9.1m × 7m = 63.7m2

Area of façade exposed to sunlight, m2 28.1m + 21.5m = 49.64m2

Open area to floor area ratio (Daylight Factor, DF)

Area of facade exposed

Floor area × 100%

= 49.6

63.7

= 7.7%

Nature Illumination Table

Illuminance (lux) Example

120,000 Brightest sunlight

110,000 Bright sunlight

20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday

400 Sunrise or sunset on clear day

100 Very dark overcast day

40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

By using the daylight factor formula,

DF =Internal illuminance, Ei

External illuminance, Eo× 100%

7.7% = Ei

20,000 × 100% = 1540 lux

Conclusion

The selected reading area has a daylight factor of 7.7% and 1540 lux of

natural illumination. Based on the requirements of MS1525, it is creating heat and

glare problem into the reading area which it needs a shading device or double

skin façade in order to overcome the problem.

I propose to use louvre façade to help reduce heat gain and glare into the

space while still allowing light going into the space. The materials to be use is

perforated anodized aluminum strip and reflective anodized aluminum strip.

Computer lab

For the second analyzing area, I chose computer lab which is located in

third floor. The computer lab is facing towards the front lane in the side. The

façade of the front elevation is fully covered, only the side that is exposed to

natural sunlight.

Computer lab in third floor plan

Daylight Factor (DF) Calculation

Floor area, m2 92.4m + 18.2m = 110.6m2

Area of façade exposed to sunlight, m2 53.6m + 41.6m = 95.2m2

Open area to floor area ratio (Daylight Factor, DF)

Area of facade exposed

Floor area × 100%

= 95.2

110.6 × 0.1

= 8.6%

Nature Illumination Table

Illuminance (lux) Example

120,000 Brightest sunlight

110,000 Bright sunlight

20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday

400 Sunrise or sunset on clear day

100 Very dark overcast day

40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

By using the daylight factor formula,

DF =Internal illuminance, Ei

External illuminance, Eo× 100%

8.6% = Ei

20,000 × 100% = 1720 lux

Conclusion

The selected computer lab area has only 8.6% daylight factor and 1720 lux

of natural illumination. According to the table MS1525, it is creating thermal and

glare problem which the building needs shading or double skin façade to solve the

issues.

I propose to use louvre façade to help reduce heat gain and glare into the

space while still allowing light going into the space. The materials to be use is

perforated anodized aluminum strip and reflective anodized aluminum strip.

Artificial lighting calculations

Task Illuminance (lux)

Example of application

Lighting for infrequently used area

20 Minimum service illuminance

100 Interior walkaway and car park 100 Hotel bedroom

100 Lift interior 100 Corridor, passageways, stairs

150 Escalator, travellator 100 Entrance and exit

100 Staff changing room, locker and cleaner room, cloak room

100 Lavatories, stores

100 Entrance hall, lobbies, waiting room

200 Inquiry desk Lighting for working interiors 200 Gate house

300-400 Infrequent reading and writing 300-400 General offices, shops and

stores 150 Reading and writing

200 Drawing office 150-300 Restroom

150 Restaurant, canteen, cafeteria

150 Kitchen 100 Lounge

100 Bathroom 300-500 Toilet

200-750 Bedroom

300 Classroom, library 500-1000 Shop, supermarket,

department store Localized lighting for exacting

task 2000 Museum and gallery, proof

reading, exacting drawing, detailed and precise work

Space: Reading area

Philips LED Real Bulb A19

Voltage 120 V

Lifetime of lamps 25,000 hour(s)

Color temperature 5000 K

Light output 450 lumen Wattage 6 W

Dimension 4.3 inch (h) × 2.4 inch (w) Beam angle 310 degree

Lumen method calculation

Selected space Reading area

Approximate room dimension, m Length (L) = 9.1m, Width (W)=7m, Height of ceiling (H) = 4m

Floor area (A), m2 63.7m2

Types of lighting fixture Philips LED Real Bulb A19 Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm 2700 lx

Height of work level, m 0.8m Mounting height (Hm), m 4m – 0.8m = 3.2m

Reflectance value Ceiling = 0.3, Wall = 0.1, Floor = 0.1

Room index (RI), K

RI = L x W

(L + W) × Hm

RI = 9.1m × 7m

(9.1m + 7m) × 3.2

=1.23

Utilization factor (UF) 0.43 Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Recommended illuminance level (E) based on MS1525:2007

300

Number of lights required (N)

N = E × A

F × UF × MF

N = 300 × 63.7

2700 × 0.43 × 0.8

= 21 light bulbs needed

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR = 1

Hm × √

A

N

SHR = Spacing between lightings

Mounting height

SHR = 1

3.2 × √

63.7

21

= 0.54

𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 𝑆

3.2

= 0.54 × 3.2

= 1.7

Approximate light fittings layout, m Fittings required along 4m wall: 4 ÷ 1.7 = 2.3

= 3 rows

Number of lamps required in each row

Total number of lights required (N)

Number of rows

= 21 ÷ 3

= 7

Spacing along 7m wall: 7 ÷ 7 = 1m

Thus, approximately 3 × 7 = 21 light fittings needed to fit inside reading

area

Space: Computer lab

PowerBalance Tunable White

Voltage 230 V

Lifetime of lamps 50,000 hour(s)

Color temperature 4550 K Light output 5250 lumen

Wattage 49 W Dimension 600mm

Beam angle 120 degree Lumen method calculation

Selected space Computer lab

Approximate room dimensions, m Length (L) = 13.4m, Width (W) = 10.4m, Height of ceiling (H) = 4m

Floor area (A), m2 139.3m2

Types of lighting fixture PowerBalance Tunable White

Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm 5250 lx Height of work level, m 0.8m

Mounting height (Hm), m 4m – 0.8m = 3.2m Reflectance value Ceiling = 0.3, Wall = 0.3, Floor =

0.1

Room index (RI), K

RI = L x W

(L + W) × Hm

RI = 13.4m × 10.4m

(13.4m + 10.4m) × 3.2

= 1.82

Utilization factor (UF) 0.4

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Recommended illuminance level (E) based on MS1525:2007

300

Number of lights required (N)

N = E × A

F × UF × MF

N = 300 × 139.3

5250 × 0.4 × 0.8

= 24 light bulbs needed

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR = 1

Hm × √

A

N

SHR

= Spacing between lightings

Mounting height

SHR = 1

3.2 × √

139.3

24

= 0.75

𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 𝑆

3.2

= 0.75 × 3.2

= 2.4

Approximate light fittings layout, m

Fittings required along 4m wall: 4 ÷ 2.4 = 1.6

= 2 rows

Number of lamps required in each row

Total number of lights required (N)

Number of rows

= 24 ÷ 2

= 12

Spacing along 7m wall: 12 ÷ 7 = 1.7m

Thus, approximately 2 × 12 = 24 light fittings needed to fit inside

reading area