Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Liberty and Democracy
(Source: www.essaylib.com/essay.php)
Presented by: Dammar Singh Saud
Introduction of KantImmanuel Kant was a German philosopher who is considered
a central figure in modern philosophy. Kant argued that the human mind creates the structure of human experience, that reason is the source of ...Wikipedia
Born: April 22, 1724, Königsberg, GermanyDied: February 12, 1804, Königsberg, GermanyInfluenced: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,
Friedrich Nietzsche, MoreInfluenced by: Aristotle, Plato, René Descartes, David Hume
, More
Introduction of Fareed ZakariaFareed Rafiq Zakaria is an Indian-American journalist and
author. He is the host of CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS and writes a weekly column for The Washington Post. Wikipedia
Born: January 20, 1964 (age 53 years), Mumbai, IndiaSpouse: Paula Throckmorton (m. 1997)Nationality: American, IndianChildren: Sofia Zakaria, Lila Zakaria, Omar ZakariaEducation: Harvard University (1993), Cathedral and John
Connon School, Yale University
Introduction of SchumpeterJoseph Alois Schumpeter was an Austrian-born American
economist and political scientist. He briefly served as Finance Minister of Austria in 1919. In 1932 he became a professor at Harvard University where he remained until the end of his career. Wikipedia
Born: February 8, 1883, Třešť, Czech RepublicDied: January 8, 1950, Taconic, Connecticut, United StatesInfluenced: Robert Solow, Philippe Aghion, William Baumol,
MoreInfluenced by: Karl Marx, Max Weber, Ludwig von Mises,
More
Introduction of Roald DahlRoald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, poet,
screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide. Wikipedia
Born: September 13, 1916, Llandaff, Cardiff, United KingdomDied: November 23, 1990, Oxford, United KingdomMovies: The BFG, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,
MoreShort stories: The Landlady, Lamb to the Slaughter, More
Introduction of HuntingtonSamuel Phillips Huntington was an American political scientist,
adviser and academic. He spent more than half a century at Harvard University, where he was director of Harvard's Center for International ... Wikipedia
Born: April 18, 1927, New York City, New York, United StatesDied: December 24, 2008,
Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, United StatesAwards: Guggenheim Fellowship for Social Sciences, US & CanadaEducation: Harvard University (1951), University of Chicago
(1948), Yale University (1946), Stuyvesant High SchoolInfluenced: Francis Fukuyama, John Mearsheimer
Introduction of SorenenTheodore Chaikin "Ted" Sorensen was an American lawyer,
writer, and presidential adviser. He was a speechwriter for President John F. Kennedy, as well as one of his closest advisers. President Kennedy once called him his "intellectual blood bank." Wikipedia
Born: May 8, 1928, Lincoln, Nebraska, United StatesDied: October 31, 2010,
New York City, New York, United StatesSpouse: Sara Elbery (m. 1964)Party: Democratic PartyChildren: Juliet Sorensen
Central Idea of the textDemocracy is difficult to define alone because each political scientist defines it upon his own personal experiences and beliefs. Similarly, some people take liberty and democracy interrelated but others takes these terms differently.
Major points of the text“Democratic peace”, as was first introduced by Kant, is the theory
that no two democratic countries have gone to war with each other.Democratic peace is actually the liberal peace. (Fareed Zakaria)Democracy is simply a political method, a mechanism for choosing
political leadership whereas liberty is often defined as the basic freedoms granted to humans by nature. (Joseph Schumpeter)
Democracy is for the formation of government where all citizens participate in order to select the political leaders. In contrast, liberty is the basic human rights like freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom to choose one’s own religion, culture and language.
Major points of the textIdeal democracy refers to a kind of democracy
that includes the practice of democracy (elections) and liberty (the preservation of freedoms) or the complete integration of democracy and liberty.(Dahl, Huntington & Sorenson)
Democracy is closely linked to the formation of the government in which all citizens actively participate to select the leaders. In contrast, liberty is about a government’s goal i.e. individual’s natural rights like the freedom of speech, assembly, freedom to one’s own religion, culture and language.( Zakaria & Schumpter)
Major points of the text
Unfortunately, most of the countries are practicing illiberal democracy.
The term democracy has truly meant liberal democracy in context of the Western nations.
Illiberal democracy creates civil unrest and war.Oppressed people eventually rise their voice
against the leadership or government to get freedom or basic human rights as their demands. If the government does not listen their voice, the oppressed people often make strike or fight against the government.
Major points of the textWithin nations that practice liberalism allows each of
its citizens feel safe and cared for by his nation.Classical liberal freedoms (the right to oppose the
government and form groups, the freedom of free speech and fair vote etc.),political competition, public participation and inclusion of variety of public interests in policy making are the important factors of polyarchy or liberal democracy. (Dahl)
Elections, open, free and fair are the essence of democracy. (Huntington).
Major points of the textCompetition, participation and civil and political liberties
are the elements of political democracy. (Sorenson)Two routes to political democracy: increase in
competition and liberalization and participation or inclusiveness.
Thus, underlying philosophies about liberty and democracy are similar while the usage of terms differs.
A country moving toward democracy in respect to open elections is a country likely to move to a liberal democracy and peace within the nation.
Major points of the textSatisfaction and happiness of the people towards
the government is the sign of liberal democracy and peace.
If a leader of an autocracy rules with the concern of the good of the people always as the basis of all decisions, then such rule will more likely lead to peace than a democratizing nation where the leader perhaps has only self-promoting interests in mind.
Conclusion
The term “democracy” alone is difficult to define. Each political scientists defines the word upon his own experiences and beliefs. However, liberty is the key to the growth of a liberal democracy and the increase of peace within a nation.
Any Queries???
Thank you.
