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Introduction to Arduino
Seng Kang Secondary School Applied Learning Programme
(ALP)
Lesson Objective
• What is Arduino• Parts of Arduino board• Programming codes / Arduino
Software
What is an Arduino?• Microcontroller board• Arduino can be used to develop interactive
objects, taking INPUTS (eg. Switches or sensors) and controlling physical OUTPUTS (eg. Lights or motors)
• The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled
Power in
USB (to computer)
Digital I\OPWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)RESET
POWER 5V / 3.3V / GND
Analog INPUTS
Arduino
How Arduino works?
Human inputsEyeEar
NoseTongue
Skin
Output examples
Activate armsActivate legs
Activate mouth
Human brain
Output examples
Activate LEDsActivate Servo
Activate buzzer
Arduino inputsLight Sensors
Heart Rate sensors
Temperature sensors
Other inputs
Arduino Board
How Arduino works?
Arduino board blinks
the LED
Computer uploads
blinking LED code to Arduino board
Teacher shows how to connect the Arduino components
Student connects the
Arduino components
Student’s brain
Arduino Board
Digital Pins vs Analog Pins
• Digital Pin– There is two
modes (eg: ON/OFF)
• Analog Pins– Variable range (eg: dimming the light, different intensity)
Arduino Software(Sketch)
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
√ Polarity
Examples of LED
Activity: Blinking LED
Assemble
Negative leg LED GND
Positive leg LED Pin 13
Codes
• Step 1: Double click the icon to OPEN up the IDE
• Step 2: TYPE the code into the space below.
• Step 3: Click on to VERIFY the codes.
• Step 4: Click on to UPLOAD the codes to the board.
What does the codes means?
What do you observe after the
codes are uploaded?
End with a semi-colon ( ; )
const int led = 13;
void setup ()
{
pinMode (led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop ()
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
Delay (1000);
}
Declaration
Setup function(Preparation)
Loop function (Execution)
Open and close with curly brackets { }
Let’s Decode!!!
const int led = 13;
void setup ()
{
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop ()
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
Declare LED as pin 13
Define LED as OUTPUT
HIGH LED On
LOW LED Off
Duration between blinks (In millisecond)
void loop ( )
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH) ;
delay(1000);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
void loop ( )
{
digitalWrite (led, HIGH) ;
delay(500);
digitalWrite (led, LOW);
delay(500);
}
What do you observe after the codes are
changed?
Keywords• Arduino Board: Physical programmable circuit
board (also known as microcontroller)• Sketch: The name that Arduino uses for a
program. It is where the program codes are written.
• LED: Light Emitting Diode. Is an output.
