LESSON PLANNING_______________________________

Jeffrey A. RajikMaster of Arts in English Language Teaching

What is a lesson Plan? Lesson plan is the instructor’s road map of what students

need to learn and how will be done effectively during the class time (Fink, D. L, 2005)

A lesson plan is a teacher’s detailed description of the course for one class.

A lesson plan is for the teacher and by the teacher.

Why plan a lesson? Teacher plans a lesson so that he will not be lost in his

instruction in his class. Teacher plans a lesson so that all his activities jibe to his

lesson. Teacher plans a lesson so that he can fill the class time

with educational matters and avoid wasting the time of the learners.

Teacher plans a lesson so that he can achieve a smooth flow in his instruction.

How to Plan A Lesson?

What do I want students to learn?

What teaching and learning activities will I use?

How will I check the students’ understanding?

How to Plan A Lesson?

Before planning a lesson, a teacher first needs to identify the learning objectives for the class meeting. Then, he has to design appropriate learning activities and develop strategies to obtain feedback on students learning.

Types of Lesson Plan1.Detailed lesson plan2.Semi-detailed lesson plan3.Brief lesson plan

What is a detailed lesson plan?

A detailed lesson is a complete detail of the lesson for a particular day. All activities for that particular session are encoded. It is also like a script in the drama, because all of the teacher’s dialogs and the expected learners’ answers are written in the lesson plan.

This type of lesson plan is best for neophyte teachers since they don’t have yet experience in classroom management.

What is a semi-detailed lesson plan?

A semi-detailed lesson plan is less elaborated than the detailed lesson plan. It has a general game plan of what a teacher wanted to cover for that subject on that particular day. The teacher’s activity and exact words are not written as well as the expected responses of the learners. However, the things that a teacher does is written and the expected reactions of the learners.

This type of lesson plan is best for experienced teachers.

What is a brief lesson plan?

A brief lesson plan is one that hits the main points of a lesson and does not involve a lot of details. The brief lesson plan can give overview of the expected learning outcomes of a particular module.

In other words, this type of lesson plan goes directly to the point, without much planning for the action the teacher must do inside the classroom, but rather focuses only on the outline of the subject matter.

This is best for veteran teachers as they have already lots of experiences.

Parts of a lesson planNot every lesson plan looks alike, but all lesson plans share the following basic parts: 1. Title

2. Objectives

3. Subject matter

4. Materials

a. Instructional Materials

b. References

5. Time frame

6. Procedures

a. Motivation

b. Presentation of the Lesson

c. Discussion of the Lesson

d. Activities

7. Evaluation

8. Assignment

TitleThe title of the lesson plan should be concise, clear, and descriptive.

Example:A SEMI DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN REMEDIAL ENGLISH

Learning ObjectivesLearning objectives are what students are expected to learn after completing the lesson.

Learning objectives should be closely related to the curriculum alignment but should not simply repeat goals and objectives of the standard course of study. Learning outcomes that are align to the curriculum maybe broader, address particular aspects of curriculum objectives, or teach the curriculum in a special context.

Each learning objective should jibe with all the activities and evaluations.

Example:At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. define adverb;b. identify adverb/s in sentences;c. construct sentences using the given adverbs.

The learning objective that is related to the curriculum alignment (To develop the student’s skills in listening, speaking, reading, writing and study skills) is broad, however, this may be realized in the activities.

Learning Objectives

Subject matter is the topic that is being discussed in the classroom. It should specific as to there are subtopics in a particular lesson.

Example:Kinds of Adverb

Subject Matter

Materials (Instructional

Materials)A discussion must have instructional materials for students to further understand the lessons.Examples:

picture;manila paper where the lessons or activity’s instructions are

written;handouts;flash cards; DVD, Projector, etc.

Materials (References)

A lesson plan must also correlate with the textbook the class uses. However, when using other books as references, the teacher must include the references.

Examples:Avila, Dores M., et al., (2003) “Essentials of English” Mutya Publishing House, Valenzuela City.Buri, Santa C. and Vinuya, Remedios V., (1997) “College Reading and Writing (Text and Workbook)” Grandwater Publication and Reaserch Corporation, Makati City.Wellms, A. A. et.al. (2011), “Remedial English Workbook” Language Department, MSU TCTO, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.

Time FrameAs the teacher plans his lesson, examples, procedure, activities, and evaluation, he must estimate how much time he will spend for each. He has to make sure that a lesson will finish within its time frame.

ProceduresProcedures are the manner executing the lesson in the classroom. The pre-determined procedure helps teachers to easily deliver the lesson to the students since there is no need for them to think on the spot if there is already procedure to be followed.

Procedure (Motivation)

Motivation plays an important role in the discussion of the lesson. Because if students are not motivated, they may lose interest in listening to the teacher.

Some motivations can be done before the discussion are:1. Questioning;2. Telling an anecdote;3. Giving brainteasers;4. Competition;5. Giving rewards;6. Appreciating their previous works; etc.

Procedure (Presentation of the

LessonLetting the students know what they will be learning and doing in class will help keep them more engaged and on track. Teachers can share their lesson plan by writing a brief agenda on the board or telling students explicitly what they will be learning and dong in class. Teachers can outline on the board or on a handout the learning organization of the class time can help students not only remember better, but also follow your presentation and understand the rationale behind in-class activities. Having a clearly visible agenda will also help you and students stay on track.

Procedure (Discussion)

Teacher must prepare several different ways of explaining the lesson (real life examples, analogies, visuals, etc.) to catch the attention of the learners and appeal to different learning styles.

Procedure (Activities)

These questions would help the teacher design the learning activities he will use: What will I do to explain the topic? What will I do to illustrate the topic in a different way? How can I engage students in the topic? What are some real life samples, analogies, or situations that can

help students understand the topic? What will students need to do help them understand the topic

better?

EvaluationEvaluation permits the critical question to be asked and answered: Have the goals and objectives met? This is perhaps the reason why teacher gives test. That is why it is really necessary to jibe the evaluation to objectives.

Evaluation can provide feedback and motivation for continued improvement for learners and faculty. That is why in every lesson an evaluation must follow.

EvaluationEXAMPLE:Objective

Identify adverb/s in sentences.

EvaluationDirections: Underline the adverb in the sentences.

1. We cheered loudly.2. He lives quietly.3. He drove fast.4. The bird flew high.5. The travelers did not go far.

AssignmentOne of the purposes of giving assignment is to teach the learners how to study. It is certain that the assignment should contribute materially to the training of pupils.

When giving an assignment, the following must be pointed out:1. point out clearly and concisely to the pupils just what is to be done or

what they are supposed to do;2. Show how the work is to be done;3. Make the pupils see why they should do the work; and4. Connect the new lesson with one just completed so that the pupil may

gain a whole view of the subject.

Benefits of Lesson Planning

Lesson planning also allows the teacher to visualize every step of the teaching process in advance. And this visualization typically increases teacher success.

A well done lesson plan can also save your class if for some reason you can’t be there to teach. The lesson plan will provide invaluable guidance for the substitute teacher.

Lesson plans also provide a record that allows good, reflective teachers to go back, analyze their own teaching, then improve on it in the future. in addition, this record will save you time in the future. when you teach similar lessons you can refer back to your old lesson plan and recycle the successful elements instead of starting from scratch.

ConclusionNeophyte, experienced or veteran teachers are all classroom managers. Learner depends much on them. If a patient trusts his life to a doctor, a pupil trusts his future to a teacher. If the teacher is not a good manager, the future of the learner will be ruined.

ChallengeARE YOU A TEACHER?

DO YOU WANT YOUR PUPILS TO BE SUCCESSFUL?

THEN, PLAN BEFORE YOU TEACH!

THANK YOU _______________________________

Jeffrey A. RajikMaster of Arts in English Language Teaching

Mindanao State University @ Tawi-Tawi