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Lesson 3
Bellringer: Why would Europe want to conquer Africa?
Review
• Kingdoms• Empires• City-States
House of Slaves
Door of No Return
Middle Passage
Atlantic Slave Trade
• The Atlantic slave trade began in the 1500's– At first, Europe traded with the Northern
kingdoms of Ghana and Mali for gold and salt– After the 1500's, the relationship changed• Started as trade between equals• It turned into enslavement and forced migration
(movement)
Atlantic Slave Trade• The slave trade ended in the 1800's, but
Europe remained in Africa until recently– Wanted their resources– Divided up the continent
European Desire
• Portuguese explorers began exploring Africa in the 1400’s– Trade directly with
Africa– Technology in sailing
Power Shift
• At first they traded as equals– Gold, ivory, metal, pepper,
copper, brass, and clothing– Spread Christianity
• Soon the trade balance shifted– Portuguese sailors sailed
around the tip of Africa to East Africa and seized the city-states
– Controlled the trade along the East African coast
The Rest of Europe Joins
• The Dutch, French, and English soon followed; set up trading posts along the coasts– Settlers moved in– Spread out by force– Poor relations with
Africans
• Atlantic Slave Trade – Slavery occurred in
Africa before the slave trade, but under much different circumstances• All civilizations had
slavery• Africans would
enslave those they defeated in battle
• Most slaves were freed
Slavery in Africa
A New Kind of Slavery
• Europeans developed a new type of slavery– Treated slaves like property– Race-based slavery– Took them away from their homeland– No freedom
Slavery Grows
• Demand for slavery increased as European countries set up colonies in North and South America– Needed workers on
plantations– Hard to escape
when you don’t know where you are
– 78,000 each year
Tragedy
• Horrors of slavery– Captured Africans were branded with hot irons– Laid side by side, stacked in ships with little food or
water• Many died during this voyage, the Middle Passage
• Effects of Slavery– Loss of an entire generation from West Africa– Halted progress
• Lost youngest, healthiest people• Skilled workers
End of Slavery
• After the slave trade ended, the horror didn’t stop for Africa– Europe raided Africa for its resources– Built empires– Used force and weapons to take over Africa
Problems for Africa
• European countries met and decided how they would divide up Africa, or colonize it, settle an area and take over the government– Europe gained power by encouraging African
groups to fight with each other– Took the best land to farm for themselves– Drew new political boundaries which divided
ethnic groups and forced differing groups together• Caused conflict later
Slave Narrative
Primary account of Middle Passage by Olaudah Equiano.
Exit Card
What were some of the effects of slavery?
Timeline
– In pairs, make a timeline of African history to this point
– Use notes – No dates required, just put events in chronological
order