CPRG 135: Information Literacy for Adult Learners

Information Literacy for Adult LearnersCPRG 105: Lesson 1 Doing College Level ResearchOur Mission:How to DoCollege Level ResearchOur Mission:How to Do ResearchAtDuquesne

What IS Information Literacy?

What your professors expect:

Activity/Practice - Checklist

Tools youll be using:

Different Emphasis:

Cycle of Information

Types of Sources

Scholarly vs. Popular

Intro to Citation

Gumberg Library Website

Intro to our Research Focus: Ebola virusTopics for this LessonInformation Cycle

Information CycleBooks

Types of Sources

WebsitesBooksArticlesJournal articles/ Scholarly books

Written by experts

Based on research

Longer, harder to readMagazines,Newspapers,Most websites

Written by anyone

Based on opinion/Reporting

Shorter, easier to readYour professors will say

I want you to use Peer Reviewed Scholarly Journal Articles!Peer Review:15Intro to CitationTo cite,or not to cite THAT is the question!

16Yes, butLibrarian

HOW to cite is usually more of a problem!Why different citation styles?

In this course, we will use:MLA, 7th editionAPA, 6th edition

MLA/APA Style Guide:

Our Style BibleAUTHOR Information

TITLE Information

Publication DATE

PUBLISHING InformationAll citation styles include:

BibliographyMLA StyleAPA Style

A different aspect of citingin both MLA and APA styleseach week

Use our MLA/APA Style Guide to assist you, as well as the many citation resources available in Citation Help under TOOLS in Bb.Citation Practice:

Library website is

Library Website:http://www.duq.edu/library

Homework: Get familiar with our website!

Weekly Reflection

Ebola virus outbreak

- The New York Times (YouTube)Research Focus:Checklist of College Student Skills:These are the information literacy skills that college professors expect college-bound students to have.GENERAL Know what they dont know Know whom to ask for research help Understand library jargon, e.g., peer-reviewed

RESEARCH PROCESS & QUESTIONS Follow research process steps, e.g., Badke model Estimate time required for research, e.g., time for Inter Library loan Define a research question or topic thats not shallow or pop

SEARCHING FOR INFORMATION Find different formats of information Understand that Web search engines rarely locate college-appropriate information Distinguish between OPACs and online databases Conduct effective searches using Keywords, alternate search terms Boolean operators, e.g., AND and OR Controlled vocabulary, subject headings Field searching, e.g., author, title Interpret search results, e.g., book chapters vs. articles Find full text articles Find books using Library of Congress (LC) classification, not Dewey Use reference (and e-reference) books in the library Regroup when first attempts to find resources dont work, e.g., try a different database or try different search terms or search strings

EVALUATING INFORMATION Weed through search results to find relevant and accurate information Evaluate information using standard evaluation criteria, e.g., the CARS model Distinguish between popular and scholarly articles Disregard inadequate or inaccurate information

USING INFORMATION Synthesize, communicate, and argue a thesis using evidence Analyze data and statistics Represent, analyze, and critique the words and ideas of others ethically Write without plagiarizing (accidentally or otherwise), e.g., use in-text citations Cite sources properly using multiple citation styles, e.g., MLA or APA

P. Owen & M. Oakleaf, Using Evidence to Bridge the 12-13 Gap, OELMA 2008 A Style Comparison: MLA vs. APANOTE: Citations in a Works Cited list (MLA) or a Reference list (APA) should be double spaced and formatted with hanging indents.CategoryMLAAPA

Overview of Style:The Modern Language Association (MLA) provides a way for citing sources that is used in the liberal arts and most humanities courses. English uses MLA.The liberal arts and humanities place emphasis on authorship.The American Psychological Association (APA) provides a way for citing sources that is used in psychology and most social science courses. At Duquesne, Business, Education, and Nursing also use APA style. These areas place emphasis on the date a work was created.

Current Edition:7th edition6th edition

AUTHOR FORMAT:

Single authorBadke, William.Badke, W.

Two authorsSmith, John A., and Susan B. Jones.Smith, J. A., & Jones, S. B.

Three authorsSmith, John A., Susan B. Jones, and Thomas C. Wesson.Smith, J. A., Jones, S. B., & Wesson, T. C.

Four to seven authorsSmith, John A., et al.Smith, J. A., Jones, S. B., Wesson, T. C., & Clark, W. D.

More than seven authorsSmith, John A., et al.

NOTE: Use first author followed by et al. for four or more authors.Smith, J. A., Jones, S. B., Wesson, T. C., Clark, W. D., Duncan, R. E., Ewell, S. F., . . . Godard, T. P.

NOTE: You list the first seven authors, then three spaced ellipses, and then the LAST authors name.

Corporate/organization authorAmerican Library Association.American Library Association.

CategoryMLAAPA

Editor with no authorHarding, Eleanor D., ed.Harding, E. D. (Ed.).

No authorTitle goes first in citation.Title goes first in citation

Citing Books:Book citations in MLA require: Author name Book Title Publication city Publisher Year published Indication of the medium, e.g., Print.Book citations in APA require: Author name (Publication year) Book title Publication city and 2 letter USPS abbreviation of state (or country spelled out) Publisher (as short as possible, but include Press or Books).

General book format (Print)Badke, William. Research Strategies: Finding Your Way through the Information Fog. 4th ed. Bloomington: iUniverse, 2011. Print.

NOTE: In a book/article title or subtitle, capitalize the first word, the last word, and all principal words, including those that follow hyphens in compound terms. Do NOT capitalize the following parts of speech when they fall in the middle of a title:Articles (i.e., a, an, and the) Prepositions (e.g., in, of, between, through) Coordinating conjunctions (i.e., and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) The to in infinitives (as in How to Play Chess)Badke, W. (2011). Research strategies: Finding your way through the information fog (4th ed.). Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.

NOTE: In a book or article title, capitalize ONLY the first word in the title or subtitle and any proper nouns or adjectives (e.g., United States, Mexican).

CategoryMLAAPA

Work in an anthology ORAuthored chapter or essayin and edited bookJones, Thomas A. All about Sources. Research at the College Level. Ed. Frank Clark. New York: Putnam, 2010. 25-35. Print. Jones, T. A. (2010). All about sources. In F. Clark (Ed.), Research at the college level (pp. 25-35). New York, NY: Putnam.

Citing Electronic Books (eBooks):

eBooks come in a variety of formats (e.g., Kindle, Adobe Digital Editions, HTML, and more) and can be read on a variety of devices (e.g., eReaders like the Kindle, Nook, and Sony Reader, as well as on personal computers and mobile devices) through online portals such as NetLibrary, ebrary, and Google Books.In MLA, if an eBook was originally published in print, DO include publication location, publisher, and year published.Instead of concluding with Print as the medium, however, add the following in this order:1. Title of the database or website in italics2. Medium (Web)3. Date of access (day, month, year)

NOTE: In MLA, months with four or fewer letters are not abbreviated (i.e., May, June, and July); all other months are abbreviated with three letters and a period (e.g., Feb.).

In APA, do NOT include publication location or publisher.

Citation should include:1. Author2. Year published in parentheses3. Title in italics4. eReader version if applicable [in square brackets]5. DOI of book, if available6. If there is no DOI, then add a retrieval statement with URL where you downloaded it from

NOTE: APA style prefers DOIs (digital object identifiers) for retrieval information, if they are available for books or articles. There is more description of DOIs under Citing Articles in Periodicals Found Online.

CategoryMLAAPA

eBooks read or acquired through an online library (e.g., ebrary, Google Books)Thomas, Richard T. How to Write a College Research Paper. New York: Putnam, 2009. ebrary. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.Thomas, R. T. (2009). How to write a college research paper. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com

NOTE: Include sources homepage URLNOTE: If the book has a DOI, use that for retrieval information for ALL eBooks in APA.

eBooks formatted for reading on an eReader device (e.g., Kindle)In MLA, this is covered by the rules for Digital Files (5.7.18)

Thomas, Richard T. How to Write a College Research Paper. New York: Putnam, 2009. Kindle file.Thomas, R. T. (2009). How to write a college research paper [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com

NOTE: Include sources homepage URL

Electronic-only book (from an online only publisher)OKeefe, Edna. Egoism and the Crisis in Western Values. n.d. Online Originals. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.

OKeefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism and the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com /showitem.asp?itemID=35

NOTE: Include URL that takes you directly to the book

Chapter/essay in an edited eBookJones, Thomas A. All about Sources. Research at the College Level. Ed. Frank Clark. New York: Putnam, 2010. 25-35. Kindle file.

Jones, Thomas A. All about Sources. Research at the College Level. Ed. Frank Clark. New York: Putnam, 2010. 25-35. ebrary. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.Jones, T. A. (2010). All about sources. In F. Clark (Ed.), Research at the college level [Kindle version] (pp. 25-35). Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com

Jones, T. A. (2010). All about sources. In F. Clark (Ed.), Research at the college level (pp. 25-35). Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com

NOTE: If the eBook chapter does not have page numbers, omit that part of the reference.

CategoryMLAAPA

Citing Articles in Periodicals (Print)

Article in a Scholarly Journal (Print)Jones, Tracy R. Should Information Literacy Instruction Be Discipline-Specific? Journal of Information Literacy 10.2 (2010): 20-25. Print.

NOTE: For all periodicals (e.g., scholarly journals, magazines, and newspapers), capitalize the first word and all major words in the periodical title and italicize.Jones, T. R. (2010). Should information literacy instruction be discipline-specific? Journal of Information Literacy, 10(2), 20-25.

NOTE: For all periodicals (e.g., scholarly journals, magazines, and newspapers), capitalize the first word and all major words in the periodical title and italicize.

Article in a Magazine (Print)Smith, Robert. Why College Students Like Wikipedia. Time 20 Oct. 2010: 14-15. Print.Smith, R. (2010, October 20). Why college students like Wikipedia. Time, 14-15.

Article in a Daily Newspaper (Print)Jones, Roger. Will College Students Rock the Vote in 2012? New York Times 14 Aug. 2012. A3. Print.Jones, R. (2012, August 14). Will college students rock the vote in 2012? New York Times, p. A3.

CategoryMLAAPA

Citing Articles in Periodicals Found Online:When citing articles found online:MLA DOES NOT require a URL listing any longer.MLA DOES require: Name of database (if article was found in a subscription database); Medium (Web); Date of retrieval.When citing articles found online:Include the digital object identifier (DOI)) [exactly as published] in the reference if one is assigned. Often, you can find a DOI in the article (especially on the first page) or in the database record (if article is from a subscription database). If you cannot find a DOI there, you can try to look it up using Crossref.org (http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/)[NOTE: Typically, newspaper and magazine articles do NOT have DOIs.]If no DOI is assigned to the article and you retrieved it online, include the homepage URL for the journal, newsletter, newspaper, or magazine in the reference. Use this format: Retrieved from http://www.xyzIf you found an article in a database and cannot find a DOI OR a periodical homepage, then and only then -- use the name of the database in your retrieval statement e.g.,Retrieved from JSTOR database.

Article in an Online Scholarly JournalFranchek, Chris. Professionalism in the College Classroom. Online Journal of Education Ethics 12.3 (2011): 10-18. Web. 7 Aug. 2012.Franchek, C. (2011). Professionalism in the college classroom. Online Journal of Education Ethics, 12(3), 10-18. doi:10.1000/369

If no DOI is available, add a retrieval statement with the URL for the journal homepage (Retrieved from http://OJEE.com)

CategoryMLAAPA

Article in a Scholarly Journal (Retrieved froma subscription database, e.g., ProQuest Central or Academic Search Elite)Jones, Tracy R. Should Information Literacy Instruction Be Discipline-Specific? Journal of Information Literacy 10.2 (2010): 20-25. ProQuest Central. Web. 7 Aug. 2012.Jones, T. R. (2010). Should information literacy instruction be discipline-specific? Journal of Information Literacy, 10(2), 20-25. doi:10.1000/182

-OR-

Jones, T. R. (2010). Should information literacy instruction be discipline-specific? Journal of Information Literacy, 10(2), 20-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1000/182

Include the DOI exactly as you see it in the source. The URL format is preferred, but it is newer and not all publishers have changed to it yet.

If no DOI is available, add a retrieval statement with the URL for the homepage of journal (Retrieved from http://journal.IL.org)

If neither a DOI nor a journal homepage is available [This could be true for an older article in archival databases like JSTOR], add a retrieval statement with the name of the database. Retrieved from JSTOR database.

CategoryMLAAPA

Article in an Online MagazineProvide the author name, article name in quotation marks, title of the online magazine in italics, publication date, medium of publication, and the date of access. Remember to use n.d. if no publishing date is given.

Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009.Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume # (issue # if available). Retrieved from http:// www.address .com/full-url

Bernstein, M. (2002, August 16). 10 tips on writing the living web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/

Article in a Magazine (Retrieved from a subscription database)Smith, Robert. Why College Students Like Wikipedia. Time 20 Oct. 2010: 14-15. ProQuest Central. Web. 7 Aug. 2012.Smith, R. (2010, October 20). Why college students like Wikipedia. Time, 14-15. Retrieved from http://www.time.com

Article in an Online NewspaperParker-Pope, Tara. Psychiatry Handbook Linked to Drug Industry. New York Times 6 May 2008. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Article in a Daily Newspaper (Retrieved from a subscription database)Jones, Roger. Will College Students Rock the Vote in 2012? New York Times 14 Aug. 2012. A3. ProQuest Central. Web. 25 Aug. 2012.

Jones, R. (2012, August 14). Will college students rock the vote in 2012? New York Times, p. A3. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/

CategoryMLAAPA

Citing Online Sources

General FormatProvide (in this order) the: Author(s) of the work Title of the page/article in quotation marks Web site name in italics Sponsor/publisher (use n.p. if not given) Posting date (use n.d. if not given) Medium of publication (Web) Date of accessNOTE: MLA no longer requires URLs. If an instructor requires URLs or you choose to include them, use the complete URL for pages or sites, as appropriate. Add after the entire citation within brackets: .Author. (Date created or last updated [use n.d. if not given]). Article or page title. Retrieved from Larger Site Title website: http://url address

NOTE: Identify the publisher/sponsor as part of the retrieval statement unless the publisher has been identified as the author. Retrieved from Publisher/Sponsor/Agency website: http://www.xyz

If the publisher has been identified as the author, use this format: Retrieved from http://www.xyz

Page from a WebsiteRogers, Janine. Knowing How to Cite Right Is Important. Academic Integrity 101. Online Scholars, 7 Feb. 2009. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.Rogers, J. (2009, February 7). Knowing how to cite right is important. Retrieved from Academic Integrity 101 website: http://www.ai.com/cite_rite.html

CategoryMLAAPA

Page from a Website - Unknown Author5 Tips for Citing. Academic Integrity 101. Online Scholars, 2001. Web. 10 Aug. 2012.

5 tips for citing. (2001). Retrieved from Academic Integrity 101 website: http://www.ai.com/5_tips.html

Online ReportUnited States Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Standards, EPA, 8 July 2012. Web. 25 Aug. 2012.United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2012, July 8). Drinking water standards. Retrieved from http://water.epa.gov/drink

Note: If author and publisher are the same (as above), you only need the URL in the retrieval statement. If they are NOT the same, identify the publisher as part of the retrieval statement. Retrieved from Agency name website: http://www.xyz

Entire WebsiteAuthor. Title of Site. Sponsor, Date created (use n.d. if not given). Medium. Date accessed.

Gumberg Library. Gumberg Library, Duquesne U, 2012. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.

NOTE: If there is no author, place title of site first.NOTE: U is the MLA abbreviation for University in a citation.When citing an entire website (and not a specific document on the website), it is sufficient to give the address of the site in just the text of your paper. You would NOT need to include it in your Reference List.

Text of paper:The Gumberg Library website is a good place to start your research as a student at Duquesne University (http://www.duq.edu/library).

CategoryMLAAPA

EmailGive the name of the writer; the title of the message (if any), taken from the subject line and enclosed in quotation marks; a description of the message that includes the recipient (e.g., Message to the author); the date of the message; and the medium of delivery.

Jones, Timothy. Re: Information Literacy Learning Objectives. Message to the author. 15 Aug. 2012. E-mail.

Not included in references.

In APA, emails are considered a personal communication, which means they are not recoverable by other researchers. Cite personal communications in text only:(T. Jones, personal communication, August 15, 2012).

Citing Multimedia Sources

Streaming Video/YouTubeAuthor (or username). Title. Date.Then add:1.Title of the database or Web site (italicized)2.Medium (Web) 3.Date of access (day, month, and year)

McDonnell, Charlie. Stop Procrastinating. 17 May 2011. YouTube. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.

Author, A. A. [User name]. (year, month, day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.xyz

User name. (year, month, day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.xyz

NOTE: Provide URL to actual video.

McDonnell, C. [charlieissocoollike]. (2011, May 17). Stop procrastinating [Video file] Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/charlie#p/Bs8g

Blog PostBoettcher, Michelle L. Singers. Realizingzen. n.p., 21 June 2012. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.Boettcher, M. L. (2012, June 21). Singers [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://realizingzen.blogspot.com /2012/06/singers.html?m=1

CategoryMLAAPA

Lecture Notes/PowerPoint Slides (online)Smith, Alden G. Lecture 3: How to Cite Online Sources. MIT OpenCourseWare. MIT, 2012. Web. 12 Aug. 2012.Smith, A. G. (2012). Lecture 3: How to cite online sources [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from MIT OpenCourseWare website: http://ocw.mit.edu /courses/citation101/lecturenotes.cfm

NOTE: Identify the name of the website when that information is not evident from the URL or author name.

NOTE: When lecture notes are available only from the instructor, via Blackboard, or from someone who took notes in class, cite this as a personal communication (see Email example, above).

Image found on Web(e.g., Google images)

NOTE: Images from clip art packages from programs like Microsoft Word or PPT do not need bibliography entries or in-text citations. Describe in text where the images came from; because these programs are so well-known citations are not necessary.Author. Title. Date. Followed by: 1.Title of the database or Web site (italicized)2.Medium of publication consulted (Web) 3.Date of access (day, month, and year)

Clemens, John. Lightning above Death Valley. 10 Oct. 2009. National Geographic Photo of the Day. Web. 12 Aug. 2012. Artist, A. A. (copyright year). Title of work in italics [Medium: Photograph, drawing, painting, etc.]. Retrieved from http://www.xyz

Clemens, J. (2009). Lightning above Death Valley [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photo-of-the-day/lightning

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