A-PDF MERGER DEMO

Select Rea dings

Linda ee

OXTORDI]NIVERSITY PRESS

OXTORDTINTVERSITY PRESS

198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USAGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP England

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and an associated, company,in Berlin

OXFORD is a trademark of Oxford University Press

ISBN 0-19-437700-8

Copyright @ 2002 Oxford University Press

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData

Lee. Linda. 1950-Select Readings-Pre-Intermediate / by Linda Lee

and Erik Gundersenp/cm.

rsBN 0-r9-437700-81 English language-Textbooks for foreign

speakers.2. Readers. I. Gundersen, Erik. II. Title.

P81t2&L42620024286'4-d,c2I 00-029125

No unauthorized photocopying

A-ll rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior written permission of OxfordUniversity Press.

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shallnot, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold,hired out, or otherwise circulated without thepublisher's prior consent in any form of binding orcover other than that in which it is published andwithout a similar condition including this conditionbeing imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

Select Readi,ng s-Pre- IntermediateEditorial Development, Project Management,and Production: Marblehead House, Inc.Assistant Editor: Phebe SzatmariDesigner: Susan BroreinProduction Manager: Shanta PersaudProduction Coordinator: Eve WongComposition & Prepress Sewices: Compset, Inc.Cover design: Tom Hawley, Hawley DesignCover photo: Yu Jun-Chin/Top Photo Corp.,IHenryWestheim Photography

Printing(Iastdigit):10 I 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I

Printed in China.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The publishers would. like to thank thefollowing for their permission to reproduce texlexcerpts:

"Mika's Homestay in London," "CeIl Phones: Hang Upor Keep Talking," and "How Safe Is Nuclear Power?"adapted with permission from Mini-WorldMagazine."How to be a Successful Businessperson" adaptedwith permissionftom TTLz WaIl Street Joutm,alEastern Edition [Staff produced copy only] by JeffreyA. Tarurenbaum Copp'ight 1996 by DOWJONES &CO INC. Reproduced with permission of DOWJONES & CO INC in the format Textbook viaCopytight Clearance Center."Tonic Water, Please" adapted from an article byTetsuya Saruhashi. Used with permission from theauthor."The Ghost Pilot" reproduced with permission fromDorling Kindersley, Ltd."Helping Others" adapted with permission fromHabitat for Humanity International, based on thearticle "Helping Others Sends Concrete Message"that appeared in the AprilMay 2000 issue of HabitatWorld."Vanessa-Mae: A 21st Century Musican" adapted withpermission from Weigl Educational PublishersLimited."A Day in the Life of a Freshman" adapted withpermission from the author."Great Places to Visit" adapted with permission fromNational Geographic Taiwan.

Studio photography by: Rick AshleyLocation photogtaphy by: Rick Ashley and AdamBrown

The publisher would like to thank the followingJor their permission to reproduce photographs:

Prof. Joseph Jacobson: @Webb Chapelle, 1995-1999;Kazi Food portrait: Adam Brown/winstonwest.com;Lockheed 101 1 jet courtesy of Lockheed MartinAeronautics Company; nuclear power plant:www.comstock.com; Taroko Gorge andHighwayORon Watts/CORBIS; Ttail in BambooForest@Ron Watts/CORBIS; General ElectricConsole Television@Schenectadv Museum, Hall ofElectrical History Foundation/CORBIS; NationalPalace Museum in TaipeiOKevin R. Morris/CORBIS;Vanessa-Mae Holding Her ViolinOS.I.N. /CORBIS;Vendor Sells to Baseball Fans@Kelly-MooneyPhotography/CORBIS; Pedestrians Crowding aStreetOMacduff Everton/CORBIS; Baseball Fans inFukuoka Stadium@Michael S. Yamashita,rCORBIS;Diners Eat at Night Market in Taiwan;@Michael SYamashita./CORBIS; photo of Mariko Asano courtesyof Habitat World Magazine; Beach at Lan YuOYu Jun-Chin rTop Photo Corp.Alenry Westheim Photography;Reactor Core and Cooling PoolOYann Arthus-Bertrand/CORBIS; Yami hair danceOCheng ChiHai,/Top Photo Corp.,lHenry Westheim Photography.

Many tharrks to Zubair Kazi and Chris Scanlan ofKazi Foods for their help with the photo of Mr. Kaziin Chapter 4 and to George Cary and the staff ofFinz Restaurant in Salem, Massachusetts for theircooperation in setting up the photograph forChapter 5.

Dictionary definitions adapted from the OxfordAmerican Wordpower Dictionary

A A A A A A A A A

Acknowledgments

The publisher would like to thank the following teachers whose comments, reviewsand assistance were instrumental in the development of Select Read"ings:

Ann Mei-Yu Chang Greg Stinnett Patricia Pei-Chun CheAnn-Marie Hadzima Hideaki Narita Paul CameronBeatrice Hsiao-Tsui Yang Hsiu-Chieh Chen Pei-Yin LuBrett Rey'nolds Hyun-Woo Lee Peng-Hsiang ChenChia-Yi Sun Jessica Hsin-Hwa Chen Richard SolomonsChi-Fan Lin Jong-Bok Kim Robin Cheng-Hsing TsaiChing-Kang Liu Jong-Yurl Yoon Russell LefkoChristine Chen-Ju Chen Joyce Yu-Hua Lee Sherry Hsin-Ying LiChristopher E. Cuadro Kabyong Park Stella Wen-Hui LiChuan-Ta Chao Kozuko Unosawa Stephen MendenhallColin Gullbery Kun-Iiang Chuang Stephen SlaterDavid W.Y. Dai Maggie Sokolik Steven DonaldDouglas I-Ping Ho Makoto Shimizu Susan Shu-Hua ChouEllen Margaret Head Maureen Chiu-Yu Tseng Tsuh-Lai HuangFlorence Yi-Hui Chiou Meredith Pike-Baky Won ParkFrances J. Shiobara Moasung Lin Ying-Chien Changpqjiko Sano Monica Li-Feng Kuo Yu-Chen Hsu

The authors would like to thank the following OUP staff fortheir support and assistance in the development of Select Readings:

Chris Balderston JJ Lee Paul RileYJulia Chang Chang Oh Lim Sumio TakiguchiTina Chen Hannah Lee Alison KaneCoco Cheng Kevin Park AYa IwamuraTed Yoshioka

Special thanks to Marblehead House and Chris Foley for all of your insights,guidance, and suggestions for change throughout the editorial process. Working withyou has been a great pleasure.

. l l l

Contents

troduction aiii

Chapter I Are You Getting Enough Sfeep? |"Who,thappens if Eou don't get enough sleep?Randy Gardner, a high school stud,ent in theUnited, States, wanted, tofind out."

Chapter 2 MikaS Homestay in London 1|"'What d,o gou u:antfor your 19'k birthdag?'my parents asked, rne. 'A ring,' I replied.Howeuer, i,nstead of a Nng, mg pa,rents gauenl,e a one-nlonth homestaE i,n London."

Chapter 3 The Book of the Future 22'WCll books in thefuture be simil,o,r to the books goucan buy todag? The ansusr to thnt questi,on,is no."

Chapter + How to Be a Successful Businessperson 32uHere's a story about one successfulbusi,nessperson. He sta,rted, out utashing d,ishesand, tod,ay he ouns 768 restaurants."

Chapter 5 Tonic Water; Please +3"Dtr,ri,ng m,Efirstmonths in Catmdn, I didn'thnue a lnt of trouble und,erstanding peopl,e.Unfortunatelg, hntn uu er, C arlad,iuxls c ouldtt'talw ay s unfl,erstand, ma "

Chapter 6 Celf Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? 5+"Whai is it that makes mobi.te phones Ttotentiallyhaltnful? The answer is radiation."

Chapter 7 The Ghost Pilot 65"Theflight attendantleaned down to speak tothe man but he ignored her. Thert, as she touchedhis arm, he slouly faded aru;ay, lea,aing onlg anemptA seat."

i v .

Chapter I Helping Others 75"On the Last day, all of us stood inside o, roon1,we had built in just a week, feeling a senseof fulfillment."

Chapter I Baseball Fans Around the World 85"Taitnanesefans often gell'Charge!' to ercite thebaseball players."

Chapter I O Vanessa-Mae: A 2l " Century Musician 96"By the ti,me she uas twelue, Vanessa-Maehad plaged with orchestras all oaer the worldas a soloist."

Chapter | | How Safe ls'Nuclear Power? lO7"SuTtporters of nuclear eTLergA sa,g it is anecessary source of power. This i,s especiallE truein countries like Japan, which depends on nuclearenergy for about 35o/o of i,ts g)o?rer."

Chapter 12 Love at First Sight | | 6"It lnas loue atfirst sight. It's always erciti,ng tohear those words. But d,o people reallg beli,eae i,nIoae atfi,rst sight?"

Chapter | 3 ADay in the Life of a Freshman 127"I get ugt about seaen o'clock in the motning. Sincemy fdend,s and, I haue a group bli,nd date toni,ght,I take ertra time to look my best."

Chapter t 4 Great Places to Visit | 38Each montlt National Geographic Magazine asksone of its editors: What are the best places to uisitin your area of the world?

s 164

frregular rbs 168

. v

Scope and Sequence

ntent

Chapter I The

Are You Getting importance

Enough Sleep? ofsleep

Readiiu

Using context

clues

BuildingVocabularg

Learning

words in

context

cus

Understanding

the present

perfect and

simple past

Chapter 2

Mika3

Homestay

in London

Studying in

an English-

speaking

country

Understanding

words with

more than one

meaning

Keeping a

vocabulary

log

Giving reasons

withbecause

andsince

Chapter 3

The Book of

the Future

Technologrfor Previewing

future books

Using

compound

nouns

Using

comparative

forrns of

adjectives

Chapter 4

How to Be

a Successful

Businessperson

Building asuccessfulbusiness

Making

inferences

Making aword Using

form chart infinitives

Chapter 5

Tonic Water,

Please

Commr.rnicating Scanning

in aforeign

language

Understanding

prefixes

Connecting

ideas with

and, but, and

howeuer

Chapter 6

Cell Phones:

Hang Up or

Keep Talking?

The dangers of

cell phone use

Understanding

the difference

between facts

and opinions

Expressing Understanding

certainty and what pronouns

uncertainty referto

vl .

SummarizingChapter 7 AghoststoryThe Ghost Pilot

Leaming

synonyrns

IJsingmust

haae + past

participle

Scope and Sequence

Chapter 8 Volgnteering Identilyingthe Usingprefixes: Understanding

Helping Others topic and main un-, im-, in-, gerunds

idea 'Lr-

Chapter 9 The behavior Making Grouping Using the

Baseball Fans ofbaseball predictions wordsand verbssee,hear,

Around the fans phrases watch, andfeel

World +obiect+4ng

form

Chapter lO Ayoung Dealingwith Understanding Showinga

Vanessa-Mae: musician's life unfamiliar suffixes contrast with

A 2l st Century words although

Music ian

Chapter | | Nuclear power Writing margin Learning word Using a verb +

How Safe ls notes forms that cla'use

Nuclear Power?

Chapter | 2 Falling in love Asking Using a Using the past

Love at First yourself learner's continuous

Sight questions dictionarY

while you read

Chapter t 3 Auniversity Using context Understanding Expressing

A Day in the student's life clues two-word cause and

Life of a verbs effect with so +

Freshman noun/a{iective

+ thnt

Chapter 14 Tlavel Reading Using context Understanding

Great Places to destinations words in to lmow if a -ins clauses

Visit chunks wordis anoun

or averb . vii

Introduction

Select Readings is a series of reading texts for pre-intermediate andintermediate students of English. In both books high-interest readingpassages serve as springboards for reading skills development,vocabulary building, Ianguage analysis, and thought-provokingdiscussions and writing.

ln Select Readings-Pre-fntermediate, the readings address a widerange of fresh and engaging topics, Iike how to be a successfulbusinessperson, electronic books of the future, love at first sight, andbaseball fans around the world.

onenThe compl ete Select Reading s-Pre-Intermediate programincludes the following components:o Student Book

o Quizzes and Answer Key. This is available for downloading atw'tDw. oup. com/elt/selectreading s. This easy-to-use instructor'scompanion includes an answer key for all activities in the StudentBook and a reproducible, one-page quiz for each chapter.

o Cassette. An accompanylng audio cassette features recordings of allof the reading passages in the book.

The following principles have guided our approach throughout thedevelopment of Select Readings:. Readers become engaged with a selection when they are asked

to respond personally to its theme. While comprehensionquestions help students see if they have understood the informationin a reading, discussion questions ask students to consider the issuesraised by the passage.

vi i i .

Readers sharpen their reading, vocabulary-building, andlanguage analysis skills when tasks are tied directly to thecontent and language of each reading passage. SelectRe ad.ing s-Pre-Intermediate introduces students to reading skillssuch as previewing and making inferences, to vocabulary-buildingstrategies such as learning synonyms and keeping a vocabulary log,and to language study topics such as using infinitives and givingreasons withbecause and si,nce.

Good readers make good writers. Reading helps students developwriting skills, while writing experience helps students become betterreaders.

Background knowledge plays an important role in readingcomprehension. An imporbant goal of Select Read'ings is toillustrate how thinking in advance about the topic of a readingprepares readers to better comprehend and interact with a text.

ter OaeraiewEach chapter in Select Read,ings includes the eight sections

described below Suggested time frames for covering the material are

also given.

1. Opening Page (5 to 15 minutes)

The purpose of this page is to draw readers into the theme and content

ofthe chapter.

aching Suggestions:. CalI students' attention to the Chapter Focus box. Give them a

chance to think about the content and skills they are about to studyand to set their own learning goals for the chapter.

. Ask students to identify what they see in the photo(s) or artwork onthe page and guess what the chapter is about. Have them read thequotation, restate it in their own words, and then say if they agreewith it. Finally, ask what connection there might be between theimage(s) and the quotation.

2. Before You Read (30 to 40 minutes)

Questions in many of the Before You Read, sections ask students toreflect on their prior knowledge of each chapter's topic. Givingstudents time to think about and discuss these questions is an essentialpart of helping them activate their background knowledge on eachtopic. In Chapter 4 andbeyond, the majority of. Before You Read

. l x

sections include aPreui,ewi,ng Chart. To complete this chart, studentsare asked to scan the reading for imporlant names, places, and words.Using the information they have found, students predict what thereading will be about. Effective readers use pre-reading skills likescanning to get an initial feel for the content and organization of thereading passage.

aching Suggestions:o Make sure that students understand the purpose of the Before You

Read, actiities. Explain that activating prior knowledge will helpthem to better comprehend the reading passage.

o Encourage student participation in the activities by having peoplework in small groups to complete the activities.

o React to the content of students' ideas rather than to the grammaticalaccnracy of their responses.

3. Reading Passage (45 to 60 minutes)

In general, the readings become increasingly longer and more complexas the chapters progress. To help students successfully approach eachpassage, we have provided the following support tools:

Vocabulary glosses. Challenging words and expressions are glossedthroughout the readings. In many cases we have glossed expressions(e.g., making a profi,t) instead of individual vocabulary items (e.g.,profi,t). This approach helps students develop a better sense of howimporbant context is to understanding the meaning of new words.

Culture and Langudge Notes. On pages 151-163, students will findexplanations for cultural references and language usage that appear inblue print in the readings. Notes are provided on a wide range of topicsfrom cultural information on American high schools, to geographicalreferences such as London, and to famous people such as Mozarl.

Numbered lines. For easy reference, every fifth line of each readingpassage is numbered.

Recorded, reading pdssdges. Students can listen to all of thereading passages on the audio program that accompanies SelectBeadings-Pre-fntermediate. Listening to someone reading a textaloud helps language learners see how words are clustered inmeaningful groups, thus aiding comprehension.

aching Suggestions:o Encourage students to read actively. Circling words, writing

questions in the margins, and taking notes are three ways in whichstudents can make reading a more active and meaningful experience.

x .

Make sure students know how to use the vocabulary glosses,Culture and Language Notes, and other support tools to assist themin the reading process.

Encourage students to use context to guess the meaning ofunfamiliar words.

PIay the recorded version of the reading passage and ask students tolisten to how the reader groups words together. As they listen to therecording, students lightly underline or circle the groups of words.

4. After You Read: Understanding the Text (30 to 45 minutes)

Following each passage, there are two to four post-reading activities that

give students the chance to clarify their understanding of the text and

discuss the issues raised in the reading. The comprehension questions

test students'understanding ofthe facts, basic concepts, and new

vocabulary presented in the passages. Questions in the Consider the

Issues section ask students to talk about ideas introduced in the reading.

aching Suggest ionsl. Get students to discuss their reaction to the readings in pairs or

groups. The process of discussing questions and answers givesstudents an opportunity to check their comprehension more

critically and analyze their reactions to the passages.

. Show students the value of returning to the reading again and again

to answer the comprehension and discussion questions. Ask them

to point out the specific places in the reading where they have

found answers to the questions posed.

. If time permits and you would like students to have additional

writing practice, ask them to write an essay or a journal entry on

one of the questions in the Consi'der the Issues section.

5. Reading Skill (20 to 30 minutes)

At the beginning of each Readi'ng Skill section, students encounter a

short explanation of the skill in focus and, when appropriate, an

example of how that skill relates to the reading in the chapter. The task

following this explanation asks students to return to the reading to

think about and apply a new reading skill.

. Discuss the general purpose of developing reading skills. The more

students understand the rationale behind acquiring these critical

skills, the more motivated they wiII be to develop and refine them.

o Review the explanations and sample sentences at the beginning of

each Read,ing SkiLI section before asking students to tackle the

. x l

questions that follow Encourage them to ask any questions theyhave about the explanations or examples.

r Reflect with students on the ways in which they can apply thereading skills they have Iearned in each chapter to other readingpassages and to other reading genres.

6. Building Vocabulary (20 to 30 minutes)Reading extensively is an excellent way for students to increase theirvocabulary base. Considering this, we pay careful attention todeveloping students'vocabulary building skills in each chapter ofSelect Readings. Learning words in context, understanding prefixes,using a learner's dictionary and a variety of other vocabulary-buildingskills are taught throughout the book. Like the reading skill activities,eachBuilding Vocabulary section starts out with a short explanationand, when appropriate, examples of the skill in focus. In the activitythat follows the explanation, students often scan the reading to gatherand analyze various types of words. In Chapter 2 andbeyond, the finaltask in eachBuilding vocabulary actiity invites students to record sixnew words or phrases they have learned in the Vocabulary Log f.oundon pages 169-175. This activity encourages students to record andremember the vocabulary items that are important to them personally.

aching Suggestions:r View the explanations and sample sentences at the beginning of each

Build,i,ng Vocabulary section before asking students to tackle thequestions that follow. Encourage them to ask any questions theyhave about the explanations or examples.

r Show students the value of returning to the reading to find an answerwhenever they are unsure of a vocabulary-related question.

o Encourage students to write down new words and phrases that areimportant to them in the Vocabulary Log onpages 769-175.

o Discuss the value of using an English-English learner's dictionary tofind the meanings of unfamiliar words.

7. Language Focus (20 to 30 minutes)The final skill-building section in each chapter calls attention toimportant grammatical structures and functions that occur with somedegree offrequency in the reading passage. The goal ofthis section isto focus students' attention on critical grammar points as they occurin context.

xl l .

aching Suggest ions:. Review the explanations and sample sentences at the beginning of

each Language Focus section before asking students to answer thequestions that follow. Encourage students to ask any questions theyhave about the explanations or examples.

o Invite students to talk about what they already know about theIanguage point in focus. Many students lcrow a great deal aboutgrammar and are pleased to demonstrate this knowledge.

. Underscore the fact that the Language Focus sections are intendedto help students review language they have already learned in thecontext of a reading passage. It can be very valuable for students tosee the ways in which the grammatical structures they have studiedappear naturally in real-life selections.

8. Discussion and Writing (45 to 60 minutes)

At the end of each chapter, students have an opportunity to talk andwrite about a variety of issues. The questions in this section provide

students with a chance to broaden their view on the topic of thereading and to address more global issues and concerns. Students canwrite on a sheet of paper or in a notebook.

aching Suggestions:. When time permits, let students discuss a question a second time

with a different partner or group. This allows them to apply whatthey learned in their first discussion of the question.

r Choose one or more of the questions in this section as an essay topicfor students.

Each chapter ends with a charb of useful Words to Remember. Thischarb summarizes the key words and phrases students should be ableto recognize after completing each chapter.

This project grew out of our deep and profound love for reading, andour desire to share this love of reading with our students. Indeveloping Select Readings, we have e4joyed the process of talkingto teachers aII over the world about the types of reading selectionsthey feel their students enjoy the most, and learn the most from. Wehope that you and your students enjoy teaching and learning withS ele ct Re ading s -Pre - f nte rme diat e.

Linda Lee

Erik Gundersen

. x l l l

Early to bed and

earlg to rise, makes

d rnan healthy,

wealthy, and wise.

- B enj a,mi,n Fr ankli,n,

U.S. pol it ici an, i nue n lor,

uri,ter, and, sci,entist

G70A-17e0)

C T :The importance of sleep

Using context clues

B R YLearning words in context

Understanding the present perfect andsimple past

r l

A. Check (/l your answers to these questions about sleep.

| . How many hours a night do you usually sleep?

n fewer than 6 hours a night

E between 6 and 8 hours a night

n more than 8 hours a night

2. How do you feel when you wake up in the morning?

! great E okay n terrible

3. How ofben do you feel sleepy during the day?

n often E sometimes n almost never

B. Pair work. Compare answers. Do you have the same sleep habits?

A: I usually sleep fewer than 6 hours a night.B: I Me too.

I ReaIIy? I usually sleep more than 8 hours.

C. What do you think? Read these statements and guess True orFalse. Check (/) your guesses. Then read pages 3-4 and checkyour answers.

| . Scientists don't know why we need to sleep.

2. It's possible to stay awake for one week.

3. It's unhealthy to go without sleep.

True Falset r nn t rt r t r

D. Group work. Compare your answers with your classmates. Thenread pages 3-4 and check your answers.

2 Chapter 1 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

Passa e

10

15

20

25

ARE YOU GETTING ENOUGH SLEEP?

Note: Erplnnatti,otts for u.nrds in hlue type can be foun'd' i'n theCulture and Longuage Notes on pages 151-163.

What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, ahigh school student in the United States, wanted to find out. Hedesigned an experimentl on the effects of sleeplessness2 for a schoolscience project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayedawake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That's eleven days and nightswithout sleep!

What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hourswithout sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watchingtelevision. The words and pictures were too blurry.3 By the third day,he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day,Gardner was hallucinating. For example, when he saw a street sign,he thought it was a person. He also imagineda he was a famousfootball player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speechS became soslurred that people couldn't understand him. He also had troubleremembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass acounting test.6 In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting.He couldn't remember what he was doing.

When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45minutes. The second night he slept for twelve hours, the third nighthe slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he hadreturned to his normal sleep schedule.

Even though Gardner recoveredT quickly, scientists believe thatgoing without sleep can be dangerous. They say that people shouldnot repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown howserious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the

I experiment a scientific test2 effects of sleeplessness things that happen when you don't get

enough sleep3 blurry difficult to see4 imagined thought5 speech way of talking6 a counting test saying numbers in order: 1,2,3,4, etc.7 recovered returnedtonormal

r J

rats starbed losing their fur.8 And even though the rats ate more foodthan usual, they lost weight. Eventually9 the rats died.

During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or moresleeping. But why? What is the purpose of sleep? Surprisingly,

30 scientists don't know for sure.l0 Some scientists think we sleep inorder to replenishlr brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helpsthe body to grow and to relieve stress.l2 Whatever the reason, weknow that it is imporlant to get enough sleep.

True or False.

True Fafset r n

tr

n

n

n

n

n

2 .

3 .

4 .

N T

n nt r t r

5 .

6 .

7 .

tr

6 fur hair on an animal's bodyI eventually after some time

1o for sure definitelyrl replenish build new; renew12 relieve stress to remove or get rid of negative feelings

4 Chapter 1 . Are,You Getting Enough Sleep?

Understandi the xt

A. True or False? Read the statements and check (uz)

| . Randy Gardner studied the effects of sleepingtoo much.

During the experiment, Gardner slept for severalhours every night.

During the experiment, Gardner had troublespeaking clearly.

It took two weeks for Gardner to recover fromthe experiment.

Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.

Scientists are not sure why we need to sleep.

In the first paragraph, the words "find out"(Iine 2) mean learn or di,scouer.

8. In the second paragraph (line 14) the word n"slurred" means easy to understand.

Work with your classmates to correct the false statements.

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow

| . What are the effects of sleeplessness? List three more ideas fromthe reading passage.

You miqht have trouble seeing clearly.a

o

a

You miqht

You miqht

o You could

2. Pair work. Think of three more possible effects of sleeplessness.

ExampleA: You might have trouble driving a car.B: That's right. And you could have trouble . . .

You could

You might

3. What is your opinion of Gardner's experiment? Check (uz) one ormore statements or write your own.

tr I think it was a dangerous experiment.

n I think it was an interesting experiment.

n I don't think the experiment was very scientific.

E I would like to know more about Gardner's experiment.

nShare your opinion with your partner and tell why.

Example: I think i,t was an interesting erperiment because Ileavned a lot about the importance of sleep.

a .

b .

c .

r $

Reading Skil l

Using context c fues13You don't need to understand the exact meaning of every newword.Instead, you can guess the general mearring of new words byIooking at the context - the words before and after the new word,and in the sentences before and afber the new word.

Example: Gardner stayed, awake for 264 hours. That's eleumdays and nights without sleep.

If you don't know the words "stayed awake," you can guess themeaning from the context clue "without sleep."

A. Underl ine the context clues that help you guess the meaning ofthe boldfaced words.

ExamPre:f#:':,;f:::":;;;:'r:'{:;',fffiYtr'"f{:tr"|. After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner had trouble reading and

watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry.

2. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating. For example,when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a person.

3. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred thatpeople couldn't understand him.

B. Use context clues to guess the general meaning of the boldfacedwords. Circle your answer.

l. The price of clothing was so reasonable that we bought a lot ofthings. (cheap / expensive)

2. I felt so at ease on the airplane that I was able to go to sleep.(comfortable / uncomfortable)

3. The test was so tough that no one passed it. (easy / difficult)

4. We went to a trattoria after work. I ordered pasta, and he had asalad. (a place to work / aplace to eat)

5. You will need a very sharp lcrife to slice those potatoes. (cut / wash)

13 clues things that help you find something or solve a problem

6 Chapter 7 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

Learn ing words in contex tIt's a good idea to learn a new word together with the words

around it (the context). Below are some examples of the words

that we ofben use with sleep.

cabufary

go to sleepgo without sleepget enough sleep

enough

get a good night's sleepspend hours sleepingsleep schedule

A. Complete each question with a word from the box below {Morethan one answer may be possible.)

schedule spend to

sleep?

without

What time do you usually go

What time did you go sleeTt last night?

Did,you get sleeplast night?

How long canyotgo sleep?

Do you ustally get sleep onweeknights?

Did you

Do you

more than 50 hours sleepi,ng last week?

have a regular or irregular sleeTt

8. Do you have the same sleeTt every day?

B. Pair work. Ask a partner the questions in Activity A.

What time do you usually go to sleep?I usually go to sleep at 10:30.

Language Focus

Understanding the present per fect and s imple PastAt the begiruring of a conversation, we often use the present perfect+ euerto ask a general question about someone's past experiences.Euermearts "at any time before now."

L

2 .

3 .

4.

5 .

6 .

7 .

A:B:

t l

Examplesz Haue Uou euer slept unti'L noon?Haae Aou eaer gone to sleep i'n class?

(See page 168 for a list of past participles for irregular verbs.)

To ask questions about a specific time or experience in the past,we use the simple past tense.

Example:A: Haae Aou eaer gone for 24 hours usithout sleep?B: Yes, afew ti,mes.A: How did. goufeel?B: Teryi,ble.

A. Complete each pair of questions with a word in parentheses. Thenask a partner the questions.

|. (sleep /slept/sleeping)

a. Have you ever for more than 12 hours?

b. Why did you for so long?

2. (Have / Did / Has)

you ever slept for fewer than 6 hours?

you feel bad the next day?

3. (gone / go / going)

a. Have you ever without sleep for more than 24hours?

b. Why did you without sleep?

4. (spend / spent / spending)

a. Have you ever 12 hours sleeping?

b. Why did you so much time sleeping?

B. Talk to different classmates. Find someone who answers "Yes" toeach question below. Then ask the follow-up question.

Example: A: Haue Aou euer slept on a waterbed'?l4B: Yes, Ihaue.A: Was it comfortable?B: No. It was uncomfortable.

14 waterbed a bed filled with water that moves when you lie on it

8 Chopter 7 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

a .

b .

+

+

+

+

+

Discussion & it i

A. Keep a sleep schedule for one week. Then answer the questionsbelow.

What time didyou get up inthe morning?

Did you feelsfeepy duringthe day?

Have vou ever . . .

slept on a waterbed?

slept on an airplane?

slept in a tentT

fallen asleep during class?

had trouble goingto sleeP?

Was it comfortable?

Were you comfortable?

Did you like it?

Did your teacher notice?

What did you do?

When did yougo to bedat night?

Monday

T\resday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

|. Which night did you get the least sleep? Were you very sleepy thenext day?

2. Which night did you sleep the most? How did you feel the next day?

3. Did you get enough sleep during the week? Why or why not?

B. Choose one of the questions below and answer i t in writ ing.

| . What are the effects of going without drinking water?

2. What are the effects of going without food?

3. What are the effects of eating more than you need?

4. What are the effects of running l0 kilometers?

5. What are the effects of watching television aII day?

o c )

Example:

What are the effects of going without drinking water?

After a few hours. vou will beain to feel thirstv,Yourmouth will leel dry t oo, After a few more houre, vou miahi

otart lo feel t ired and dizzv. Soon vou won'l be able Lo do

anylhina. lf you ao without water for too lona. vou will die.

experiment

effects (of)

stress

find out

go without

have (trouble)

rmagrne

pass (a testl

recover (from)

spend (timel

blurry

dangerous

reasonable

normal

I O Chapter 7 . Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

Chapter

We traoel to learn.

-Maria Mi,tchell,

U.S. astronomer

(1818-1889)

C T :Studying in an English-speaking country

Understanding words with more thanone meaning

B RY:Keeping avocabulary log

Giving reasons with.because and si,nce

. l l

A. lmagine you are going to study in another country. check (/) your

answer to the question below and then tel lyour classmates.

Where would You like to live?

n in ahotel

n in auniversitY dormitory

n with a host famrty (a family from that country)

n other:

Example: I uould, tike to liue ui"th a host family'

B. The author of the next reading lived with a host family in England'

what would you like to know about her experience? Add two of

your own questions to the list below.

Did she enjoy staying with a host family?

Did she l ive in London?

Did she l ike the food in England?

It -

2 .

3 .

+.5 .

c. Read pages l3-14 and look for answers to the questions in

Activity B. Write them in the chart above.

l2 Chapter 2 ' Mi'ka's Homestay i'n London

Passa e

10

15

20

MIKA'S HOMESTAYI IN LONDON

by Mika Tanaka

Mika Tanaka, a college stud,entfrom an, had a wonderfulhomestay in Land,on. She liued usith a Britishfamily and, studi,edEnglishfor a month.

"What do you want for your l9th birthday?" my parents asked me."A ring," I replied. However, instead of a ring, my parents gave me aone-month homestay in London.

On February 11, I left Japan. On the plane, I worried about being allalonez there - a stranger to London. But when I met the Flanneryfamily (my host family), their warm welcomes made me feel at ease.aBoth my host father and mother were very kind and treated me liketheir own daughter.s

Getting Ready to GoBefore going to London, I did some research on English schools in

London and chose Oxford House College, mainly because it hadreasonable fees. Also, there weren't many Japanese students atOxford House.

I took my parents' advice and requested that my homestay familyhave both a mother and a father, be native-born,6 non-smoking,middle-class British people, and live neax a subway station. I laterfound that this was very good advice, since some of my friends at theEnglish school were having problems with their host families.

Living in LondonPotatoes! It took me a little time to get used to7 the many kinds of

potato dishes served: fried potatoes, steamed potatoes, slicedpotatoes, and different-colored potatoes. My host mother was a good

cook. She made delicious pasta and chicken dishes and even cookedrice for me.

t homestay a period during which a visitor in a foreign country liveswith a local family

2 all alone by myself; without someone I know3 warm welcome friendly greetinga feel at ease feel comfortable5 treated me like their own daughter were kind and good to me, like I

was their own daughter6 native-born British people people bom in England7 get used to become comfortable with

. 1 3

25

30

35

40

Saturday evenings, Mr. and Mrs. Flannery would go to their favorite

pub8 to spend time together.

Although I selected a school with few Japanese students, there were

still at least two in each class. In class, I tried to speak a lot, but many

Japanese students didn't use their English very much (even if they had

Iarge vocabularies), and spoke only Japanese with their friends.

Sometimes, I asked other people their impressions ofe Japan'

was very impor[ant, because it is the language that people from many

countries use the most. I would like to be more open-minded about

people from different countries, Iike my host family is'

2 .

3 .

+.5 .

AJter Vou Read

Understanding the Text

Vocabulary check. What is the correct meaning of the italicized

words? Underline Your answer.

| . The word,"repli,ed," inline 2 means (answered / asked / done)'

The word "reasonable" in Iine 11 means (expensive /ftee /

not expensive).

The word "reqLlested"'in line 13 means (asked i said / refused)'

The word 'found," in line 16 means (heard / tead / tealized)'

The words "u)ent a'rorrnd," in line 24mean (avoided / toured I

talked about).

s pub a place where British people eat and drinke their impressions of their ideas about; what they think of

10 points ideas

| 4 Chapter 2 . Mika's Homestay in London

B. True or False? Read the statements below and check (/) True or False.

True False

| . For her 19th birthday, Mika asked for a homestay n nin London.

2. ShewenttoEnglandwithafriend. n n

3. Mikalivedwithahostfamilyfortwomonths. tr n

4. She decided to study at Oxford House College tr trbecause it wasn't expensive.

5. Mika did things in London with the Flannerys' n nyoungest daughter.

Work with your classmates to correct the false statements.

Summarize. Read the summary, or main points, of Mika3 storybelow and add the missing words.

SummargFor her l9tt birthday, Mika Tanaka's parents sent her to

. While she was there, she lived with a middle-class British f . Her host f and

, Mr. and Mrs. Flannery were very kind to Mika,and she felt relaxed with them. The Flannerys taught her a lotabout British food and they invited her to a p attheir house every Saturday. Mika studied E while

a lot.she was in London and in class she tried to s

D. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow.

1. Do you think Mika Tanaka would agree or disagree with theopinions below? Check (/) Agree or Disagree under "Mika."

c.

Opinions

a. You should do someresearch before youtravel abroad.

b. It's good to live with ahost family.

MikaAgree Disagree

MeAgree Disagree

n n

nn

n

n

n

tr

. 1 5

Opinions Mika MeAgree Di'sagree Agree Disagree

c. T?aveling abroad is a tr tr tl !good way to learnEnglish.

Do you agree with these opinions? Check (/) Agree ot Disagreeunder "Me."

2. Mika made several important decisions before she went toLondon. For each decision, list an advantage and disadvantage.

Example: Mi,ka's d,ecisi,on: She decided' to Liae wi'th a host

family that had both a mother andfather.

Adaantage: She would erperience Liuing in atr acli,ti o nal Bri,ti sh Jami'LE.Disad,aantage: She would, not erTteri,ence afamilysetting di,ffirentJrom her own i'n Japan-

a. Mika's decision: She decided to go to a school with fewJapanesestudents.

Adaantage:

Disad,vantage:

b. Mika's decision: She decided to go to London alone.

Adaantage:

Disad,uantage:

skitl

Understanding words that have more than

one mean ingMany words in English have more than one meaning. You mayknow one meaning of a word, but it might not be the correctmeaning for the word in that sentence. Use context clues tounderstand the correct meaning.

Example: I run about 10 kilometers a week.

A river runs past my house.

How many software programs is Yourcomputer running?

| 6 Chapter 2 . Mika's Homestag in Lond'on

A. What does the word like mean in these questions? Match eachword to dictionary definition 1, 2, or 3 below. Circle your answer.

l. Do you like potatoes? L 2 3

2. Who do you lookmore like -yourmotherorfather? L 2 3

3. Do you feel like you need to sleep right now? L 2 3

4. Would you like to try a dangerous sport like slqydiving? | 2 3

5. What does your best friend like to do? L 2 3

6. Doyouhave anoldersisterwho actslike she'syow L 2 3mother?

Dict ionary def in i t ions

. like uerb [Tl (not in the continuous tenses) I to findsomebody or something pleasant; to be fond of somebody orsomething: He's nice. I Like him a Lot. The opposite is dislike.2 to want: Hotn d,o you like your steak done, s'ir?

Would like is amore polite wayto say "want": Wouldyou li,ke to come to lunch on Sundag? I u;ould l;ike somemore cake, please. I'd,Iike to speak to the nxanager.

o like prep. 1 similar to somebody or something: He Looks likehi,s father Thei,r car is like ours. With a coat of paint it uillIook like netn. 2 showing what is usual or typical for somebody:It was just li,ke hi,m to be late.3 in the same way or manner assomebody or something: Stop behaai,ng li,ke kids. Tltat's notNght. Do i,t Li.ke thi,s. 4 for example: They enjoA nxost teanxg ctTnes, li,ke football ond b aseb all.

. like conj. I in the same way or manner as: She can't drautli,ke her sister can. 2 (informal) as i,f: She acts like she's theboss. I felt like I utas goi,ng to die.

from the Orford American Wordpower Dicti,onary

Pair work. Now ask a partner questions I to 6 above.

A: Do you like potatoes?B: Yes, I Iike potatoes, especially french fries.

. 1 7

B. Mika Tanaka uses the word like three times (lines 7, 39, and 40.)What does it mean in each context? Share ideas with yourclassmates.

f . Inline 7,Iike means

2. In line 39,like means

3. Inline 40,li,ke means

A. Rewrite these statements with information about yourself. Use theunderlined words in your sentences.

l. Mika's host father and mother were very kind to her when shelived at their house.

Example: My grand,parents were aeru ki'nd' to me when I uasa child,.

2. The Flannerys gave Mika a warm welcome when she arrived inLondon.

gave me a warrn welcome when

3, Mika wanted to study at a school that had reasonable fees.

18 Chapter 2 . Mi,ka's Homestay in Lond,on

B. Look back at the reading to find the missing word in each phrasebelow. Record the phrases in the vocabulary log on page | 69.Then use the phrases in a sentence about yourself.

| . d soTne research (line 9)

2. middle-class p (line 15)

3. treated me I (Iine 7)

(Iine 13)4. tookmyparents' a

holdap (I ine25)

hauing problems w (Iine 17)

Focus

We often use because or since when we want to give a reason forsomething.

Examples:

Mika chose Oxford House College because there weren'tmany Japanese students there.

Mika was happy she chose her host family carefully since someof her friends were having problems with their families.

Choose a reason. Complete each statement with a reason from thelist on the right.

1

Reasons

because she wanted tospend time with her husband.

because they lived withthe same homestay family.

because it was her 19thbirthday present.

since they treated herlike their daughter.

because she wanted toIcrow what foreigners thought.

since it wasn't expensive.

5 .

6 .

Sentence

|. Mikawentto London

2 .

3 .

4.

5 .

Mika decided to studyEnglish at Odord House

Mika got to lcnow Nadiege

Mika asked English peopletheir impressions of Japan

Mrs. Flannerywenttoapub on Safurday evenings

Mika felt comfortable withMr. and Mrs. Flannery

6 .

. 1 9

B. Vhat3 your reason? Complete these sentences with informationabout yourself.

l. I want to travel to becauseQtlace)

2. I think it's important to study slnce(sch,ool subject)

3. Igotupat o'clock this morning because(number)

Discussion & iting

A. What woufd your ideal host parents be like? Check (/) youranswers below. Then, add two of your own ideas.

Write 4 to 5 sentences about your ideaf host Parents. Then read yoursentences to a classmate.

Example:

Mv idealhost oarente wouJdbefriendly,fhey woald -aleo live in a nice neiahborhood and have lots of oart'iea,

Thev would ,

2O Chapter 2 . Mika's HomestaE i,n Lond'on

B. Group work. What are some good reasons for studying abroad?Think of a way to complete each sentence below. Then compareyour ideas with another group3.

Example: It's a good id,ea to study abroad because Aou ca/llIearyt to cook diffirent kinds of food.

you can learn to

you can learn about

It's a good idea tostudy abroad because .

you can meet

you might become

you can see

do (research)

get used to

have (a party)

realize

reply

select

treat {someone) like

worry about

delicious

middle-class

reasonable

. 2 1

Prof. Joseph Jacobson

of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Necessitg is the

mother of inoention.

-Thorstein Veblen,

U.S. economist and,

social philosopher

(1857-1929)

CONTENT:Technology for future books

READIT{GPreviewing

B Y :Using compound nouns

Using comparative forms of adjectives

22 Chapter 3 ' The Book of the Future

A. Pair work. What do you think? Read these questions and check (uu )Yes or No in Column I under "Our answers."

Our answers The writer3 answersYes No Yes No

| . Will people still read n n n trbooks in the year 2050?

2. Wiilbooksbe made of n n n trpaper in the future?

3. Will computers replace tr n n trbooks in the future?

B. Compare answers with another parr.

A: We think people will still read books in the year 2050.B: I We do, too.

I ReaIIy? We don't think they will.

c. Read the next article to find the writerS answers to the questions inActivity A. Record the writer3 answers in the second column of thechart above.

rHE BOOI( OF THE FUTURE

I Wil people still read books 100 years from now? A few years ago,many people would have said no. It seemed Iikelyr that computers andthe Internet would replace books. Now; however, most expertsz thinkthat books are here to stay.

5 There are a number of reasons why computers won't replacebooks entirely.S One reason is that books on paper are much cheaperthan computers. Books don't need a power source4 either. You can

likely probable, almost certain

expert a person who lanows a Iot about something

entirely completely;altogether

a power source a battery or something else to provide energy

Passa e

I

2

3

I

. 2 3

read a book for as Iong as you want and wherever you want. Younever have to worry about losing power. Also, many people feel morecomforlable reading words in a book than reading words on acomputer screen. It's less tiring to the eyes.

Will books in the future be similar to the books you can buy today?The answer to that question is no. In the future, you may only need tobuy one book. With this one book, you wiII be able to read novels,splays, and even today's newspaper. It will look like today's book, butit wiII be electronic.G

One of the people working on the book of the future is ProfessorJoseph Jacobson from the Massachusetts Institute of chnologyin the U.S. Professor Jacobson's book will have a small button on theside. When you press the button, words will instantly appear on thepage. When you want to read a different story you can push thebutton agarnand a new story will quickly appear.T

What is the technology behinds Professor Jacobson's book? Tlvoimportant inventionse will make this new kind of book possible:electronic ink and radio paper. Electronic ink - or "e-ink" - is aliquid that can be printed on paper, metal, or anything else. E-ink looksand feels like printed words on paper. Unlike regular ink, however,words in e-ink are not permanent. They can be changed by pushing abutton. When you push the button, all of the words on the page goaway and new words appeax.

The other new developmentlO is radio paper. This paper looks andfeels Iike a page in a book. In reality, however, radio paper is madeof plastic.

Professor Jacobson catls his book of the future "the last book." Thisbook, he says, wilI be the last book you will ever need.

5 novels fiction; books that teII stories that aren't true6 electronic controlled by a computer7 appear become visible; come into sight8 behind making possible; supportinge inventions new thingslo new development new thing

10

l 5

20

25

30

35

24 Chapter 3 . The Book of the Future

Understa the xt

A. True or False? Read the statements and check (/) True or False.

l. Electronic books wiII be like the books we havetoday.

You will be able to read many different stories inone electronic book.

You will be able to get the news in an electronicbook.

The words in an electronic book will bepermanent.

Radio paper is made of paper.

work with a partner to correct the false statements.

B. Vocabulary check. Use context clues to choose the correctmeaning of the italicized words. Circle the letter of the best answer.

| . The words are here to staE in line 4 mean . . .

a. axe nearby b. are useless c. won't disappear

2. The phrase a number o/ in line 5 is similar to the word . . .

a. all b. one c. many

3. The word,press in line 20 means . . .

a. push b. iron c. puII

4. The word,instantly tn line 20 is similar to . . .

a. very quickly b. very slowly c. seriously

5. The word,permanent in line 28 means . . .

a. powerful b. serious c. unchanging

C. Consider the issues. Work with a Dartner to answer thequestions below

l. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the e-book? Writethese six ideas in the appropriate column of the chart below. Thenadd one more advantage and disadvantage.

2.

3 .

4.

5 .

t r t r

t r n

n t r

. 2 5

a

' It will be easy to use.r Students won't need to carry anumber of books to class.' We won't need to cut down trees to make the paper.r It could stop working.. The words aren't permanent.

2. Complete each sentence with a reason from the list on the right.

Sentences about e-books Reasons

a. Blectronic paper will bemore expensive thanregular paper because .

b. You will only needone book in thefu tu rebecause. . .

c. E-ink is more usefulthan regulari n k b e c a u s e . . .

d. People will feelcomfortable readingan e-book because . . .

e. You won't need abookshelftrin thefu tu rebecause. . .

it will look and feellike a regular book.

you wiII own justone book.

a it wiII be madeof plastic.

it isn't permanent.

you will be able tochange the storiesin the book.

11 bookshelf a wood or metal structure where you put many books

26 Chapter 3 . The Book of the Future

An e-book will need a power source.

Reading Skiff

PreviewingPre means before. View means to look a,f. Before you readsomething, it's important to look it over, or preview it. When youpreview a reading, you do three important things:

1) You identifii the topic.2) You think about what you already know about the topic.3) You ask yourself questions about the topic.

Doing these three things will help you understand a reading better.

A. Follow these instructions to identiry the topic of the paragraph below.

f . Look at the title of the paragraph below. (Don't read the paragraph.)Based on the title only, what do you think the paragraph is about?

E-Books

The book of the future will be made with radio paper and

electronic ink. Radio paper has a coating of millions of tiny

capsules. Inside each capsule, there is a dark liquid and

hundreds of white balls. An electrical charge can make the

white balls move to the top of the capsule. This makes the

"ink" Iook white. An electrical charge can also make the

white balls move to the bottom of the capsule. This makes

the "ink" Iook black. When the capsules are charged in a

pattern, they form letters on the page.

2. Key utords are words that appear several times in a paragraph. In

the paragraph above, the key words are underlined. Based on the

key words onlv, what do you think the paragraph is about?

a. the history of radio paper and electronic ink

b. how radio paper and electronic ink work

c. how to use an e-book

Compare your answer with a partner.

. 2 7

B. Make a KnowAl/ant to Know chart. Answer questions "a" and "b"below

KNOW

a. What do you already knowabout the topic of theparagraph?

Add two ideas.

Electroni.c ink is aLiquid.

IryANT TO KNOW

b. What do you want to knowabout the topic of theparagraph?

Add one question.

What liquid is in electroni,c i,nk?

Whut i,s i,n the capsules?

C. Read the paragraph on page 27 and look for answers to thequestions in the KnowA[/ant to Know chart. Share your answerswith a partner.

Us ing compound nounsWe often use two nouns together. Sometimes the two nouns arewritten as one word.

E xample s : fo o tb all, Ii,fetime, tertb o o k, home s tay

Sometimes the two nouns are written separately.

Examplesz hi,gh school, bankLoan, conaenience store

A. Match the nouns that go together. Write the words. (More thanone answer may be possible.)

l. computer o

2. news.

3. brain o

4. radio o

o station

. cells

. screen

. paper

28 Chapter 3 . The Book of the Future

5. power.

6. street o

7. host o

8. subway.

sign

family

game

source

B. Complete these phrases with words from the reading selection onpages 23-24. Then record the phrases in your vocabulary log onpage l7O.

l. here to s Qine 4)

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

pressthe b

the I

Iooks and feels I

a power source (line 7)

(line 20)

behind (line 23)

(lines 3L-32)

Focus

Using comparat ive forms of ad ject ivesWe use the comparative form of an adjective when we comparetwo things.

Form: cheap +

bigprettyexPensive #

comfortabl€ +

cheaperbiggerprettiermore expensivemore comfortable

Examples:

. Books are cheaper than computers.

. People feel more eomfortable reading words on paper thanreading words on a screen.

A. What is the comparative form of these adjectives in Chapters I -3?

l . sleepy 5. kind

2. warm 6. famous

7. serious3. dangerous

4. delicious 8. reasonable

. 2 9

How was the first television different from today3 television? Studythe photograph below Use the comparative forms in the Word Boxto write three sentences.

rd Boxbiggersmallerbetterheaviermore convenientmore difficult to watch

Example: Tlte screen of thefirst teleui,si,onusas much sma,Ller.

t .

2 .

3 .

Discussion &. iting

A. Choose one item in the box or think of your own invention orplace. List five ways you hope it will be different in the future.

cars

airplanes

universities

computers

telephones

televisions

libraries

movie theaters

Examples: I hope cars uill be safer in thefuture.I hope cars u;ill be cleaner.

l .

2 .

3 .

4.

5 .

3O Chapter 3 . The Book of the Future

B. f nterview. Choose one of the items in Activity A and interview aclassmate.

Example: A: Do you thi,nk airplanes will disappearcompletely?

B: No, I don't. But I thi,nk theE wiIL be different.A: How wiII they be diffirertt?B: I think they'Il use nuclear pouer.

A: DO YOU THINK -WILL DISAPPEAR COMPLETE ?

B: Yes, I do. B: No, I don't. But I thinkthey will be different.

A: What will replace them? A: How wiII they be different?

B:B:

compurers

experts

(the) lnternet

inventions

technology

appear

replace

prevrew

press

a number of

cheaper

electronic

likely

comfortable

convenient

permanenr

simi lar ( to)

. 3 1

Chapter How to Be aSuccessfulBusinessperson

Zubatr Kazi, President of Kazi Foods, Inc.,

at a FC restaurant he owns in Sylmar, Califomia

If atft,rst you

don't succeed,

try, try again.C T :Building a successful business

-American erpression Making inferences

B Y :Making a word form chart

Using infinitives

32 Chapter 4 ' How to Be a Successful Businessperson

A. Look quickly over the article on pages 33-3+ and complete thisPreviewing Chart.

Title of the article:

Names of people andpfaces in the article

(List two more.)

Z u b a i r K a z i

l n d i a

B. Based on your chart, what do you think the story is about?Check (uz) one or more ideas below

I thi,nk thi,s article is about sonl,eone who . . .

n is successful.

E is a businessman.

Key words {What word

appears several times?

List three more.)

r e g t a u r a n l

E is from Canada.

n owns a restaurant.

HOW TO BE A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSPERSON

Have you ever wonderedl why some people are successful inbusiness and others are not? Here's a story about one successfulbusinessperson. He started out2 washing dishes and today he owns168 restaurants.

Zttbatr Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India.His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, helearned to fly a small plane.

At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazimoved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane

1 wondered askedyourself2 startedout beganhiscareer

Passage

. 3 3

industry in California. Instead, he ended up workings for a companythat rented cars.

While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental company, hefrequently ate aI a nearby C restaurant. To save money on food,ahe decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as acook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "Ididn't like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."5

One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to comeo to work. Thatda5r, Mr. Kazi did the work of aII three people in the kitchen. Thisreally impressed the ownersT of the restaurant. A few months later,the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the jobto Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurantwas making aprofit.8

A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was Iosingmoney. The restaurant was dirby inside and the food was terrible -greasye and undercooked. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank andbought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked inthe restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and hiswife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeledrO the front of the building,and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please thecustomers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for theirfood, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant wasmaking a profit.

A year later Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the moneyhe earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money.Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained theemployees. Before longll these restaurants were making aprofit, too.

Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurarts, but he isn't planning to stopthere. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "Ilove it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mt. Kazisays. "The only way it can go is up."12

This arti,cl,e was odaptedfrom th,e WaIl Street Joumal.

3 he ended up working after much effort, he got a joba to save money on food to spend less money on food5 did the best I could did the best job I could; worked as hard as I could6 failed to come didn't come7 impressed the owners made the owners think well of him8 making a profrt earning more money than it was spendinge greasy with lots of oil; oily

10 remodeled fixed and painted11 Before long after a short amount of time12 the only way it can go is up it can only get better

34 Chapter 11 . Hotn to Be a Successful Busi,nessperson

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

B. True or False. Read the statements below and check

| . Mr. Kazi moved to the United States because hewanted to be a restaurant manager.

2. He got a job in a restaurant because he wantedto save money on food.

His first restaurant job was as a cook's helper.

Mr. Kazi enjoyed working as a cook's helper.

To buy his first restaurant, Mr.Kazibonowedmoney from his family.

Mr.Kaziwas married while he owned his firstrestaurant.

The first restaurant Mr. Kazi bought was a mess.

Mr. Kazi lost money when he sold his firstrestaurant.

(uz) True or False.

True False

t r t r

trtr

nn6 .

n nn t rt r n

3 .

4.

5 .

n nn n

7 .

8 .

Understan the t

A. Sequence of events. Number these events in Mr. Kazi3 life fromI (the first) to 9 (the last).

a

He sold his first restaurant at a profit.

He got ajob as a cook's helper.

He bought his 168ft restaurant.

He moved to the United States.

He got a job at a car rental company.

He Iearned to fly aplane.

He bought his first restaurant.

He bought three more restaurants.

He became the manager of a restaurant.

1

Work with a partner to correct the false statements.

. 3 5

C. Consider the issues. Work with a partner and follow theinstructions below

|. Choose an adjective that describes Mr. Kazi and complete thesentence below

I think Mr. Kazi i,s a person.

Now tell why you chose the word. Choose one or more reasonsfrom the list below or think of your own.

Report your ideas to the class.

Example: I think Mr. Kazi i,s a smart person because he madea profi,t wi'th his restaurants.

2. Group work. Think of a successful businessperson and answerthe questions below. Don't tell the other groups the name of yourperson.

a. What did this person do?

b. How would you describe this person?

Example: This person mad,e one of the bi'g car compani'esprofi,table. We think he is aery smart.

Read your answers to the class and let them guess the person.

36 Chaptvr 4 . How to Be a Successful BusinessTterson

Reading Skil l

Making in ferencesAn inference is a good guess or conclusion you can make from thefacts you have.Examples:

FactMr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants. --_+

FactMr. Kazi wanted a job in the €airplane industry but he tooka job with a car rental company.

InferenceHe's probably very busy.He has a lot of employees.

InferenceMr. Kazi prob ably couldn'tfind a job in the airplaneindustry.

A. What inferences can you make about Mr. Kazi from the informationbelow? Circle the best answer.

|. One day Mr. Kazi's two co-workers didn't come to work. That day,Mr.Kazi did the work of three people. From this information, youcan saythat. . .

a. Mr. Kaziprobably worked very hard that day.

b. Mr. Kaziis probably a tall man.

c. Mr. Kaziprobably didn't know his co-workers very weII.

2. Mr. Kazi sold his first three restaurants for more money than hepaid for them. From this information, you can say that . . .

a. Mr. Kaziis agoodbusinessman.

b. Mr. Kazi is an honest man.

c. Mr. Kazibecame a millionaire when he sold the restaurants.

B. What can you infer about Mr Kazi from each statement below?Write your ideas.

|. Mr. Kazi starLed with very little money, but he now owns 168restaurants.

You can infer that

2. Mr.Kazihad very little money when he came to the United States.

You can infer that

3. When the ownersgave the job to Mr

You can infer that

needed a mzilrager for their new restaurant, they.Kazi.

. 3 7

Nounsuccesshoperentimpressionprofitmanager

Making a word form char tYou can build your vocabulary by learning different forms of aword. For example, when you learn the adjective successful, youcan also learn the noun success, the verb succeed, and the adverbsuccessfully. (Not every word has four forms.)

In your vocabulary log, make a Word Form Chaxt like the one below.

Verb A{iectivesucceed successfulhope hopefulrent rentalimpress impressiveprofit profitablemanage managerial

Choose the correct form of the word in parentheses to completeeach sentence.

| . (succeed / successful / successfully)

Mr. Kazi is a succeeoful manager of 168 restaurants.

Mr.Kazi manages 168 restaurants

2. (rent / rented / rental)

For a while, Mr. Kazi worked at a car company.

For a while, Mr. Kazi worked at a company that

3. (manager / managed / managerial)

Adverbsuccessfullyhopefully

impressivelyprofitably

cars.

Mr.Kazi was the of a KFC restaurant.

Mr.Kazi a KFC restaurant.

4. (impression / impressed / impressive)

Mr. Kazi's work his employers.

Mr. Kazi's work made arr on his employers.

5. (profit / profited / profitable)

Mr.Kazi made a from the sale of each restaurant.

Mr.Kazi from the sale of each restaurant.

B. Choose six words from the article that you want to remember. Addthem to your vocabulary log on page 170.

38 Chapter 4 . Hotn to Be a Successful Businessperson

Using in f in i t i vesForm: (to) + verb

to make, to see, to go, to travel

You can use an infinitive to:

. identifA somethi,ng gou hope, u)urlt, plan, or need, to d,o.

Focus

Mr. Kazi hoped to become an airplane pilot.

He wanted to be a pilot.

identify a plan, hope, dreamMr. Kazi's dream was to be an airplane pilot.

His plan was to become an airplane pilot.

identify a purposefor doi,ng somethi,ngTo please customers, Mr. Kazi gave them a free soda.To buy the restaurant, he borrowed money from the bank.

A. Choose a verb from the box to complete each sentence.

to buy

to come

to fly

to find

to please

to save

One day his co-workers failed

The owners of the restaurantmanager's job.

to give

to improve

an airplane.

to work.

Mr. Kazi the

l .

2.

When Mr.Kazi was 16. he learned

When he came to the United States, he hopedthe airline industry.

ajob in

money on food, Mr.Kazi got a job at a restaurant.3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

decided

7 .

8 .

their first restaurant, Mr. Kazi and his wife remodeledthe front of the building and made the food better.

Mr.Kazi tried hard the customers in his restaurant.

Mr.Kazi is planning more restaurants.

. 3 9

B. Choose a verb from the box to complete each question. (More than

one answer may be possible.)

to do

to eat

t .

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

9 .

t 0 .

to fly

to live

to ski

to travel

this evening?

to Bali?

someday?

for the test?

for dinner?

for a test?

someday?

to study

to make

What do you plan

How are you planning

Where can you Iearn

Have you ever tried

Where would you like

What do you hope

When do you want

What are you planning

Have you ever forgotten

Where do you hope

Ask a partner your questions.

Discussion & it ing

A. Group work. A manager supervises a group of employees. What

do you think a good manager is l ike? Check (/ l your answersbelow Then add one or more of your own ideas'

T

nT

nI

n

nI

nT

I

!

be honest

be hardworking

be kind

make a profit

be able to make difficult decisions

communicate well

40 Chapter 4 . Hou.t to Be a Successful BusinessTterson

nnnnnn

!

trnnnn

write well

treat the employees well

reduce stress in the workplace

listen to others

understand new technologies

hold parties for the employees

Share ideas with the other groups in your class.

Example: We think it's i,mportantfor a nxanager to be honest.

B. Would you be a good manager? Complete one of the sentencesbelow with information about yourself.

I think I would be a good manager because

I don't think I would be a good manager because

Share your ideas with a partner.

C. Pair work. Mr Kazi tried hard to please his customers. What aresome ways to please customers in each situation below? Add twoideas to each list.

give away free sodas have good sales provide good service

. 4 1

42 Chapter 4 . Hotn to Be a Successful Busi,nessperson

"What is hetrying to say?"

"Why can't heund,erstand me?"

Problems are

nxessages.

-Shakti Gawain,

American author

(1e+8- )

C T :Communicating in a foreign language

Scanning

Understanding prefixes

Connecting ideas wilh and, but,andhoweuer

. + 3

A. Look quickly over the story on pages 44-46 and complete thePreviewing Chart below.

Title of the article:

Names of peopfe and

pfaces in the article

(List three more.)

J a p a n

Key words (What word

appears several times?

List three more.)

E n q l i e h

B. Look at the picture on page 43. What do you think the story isabout? Check (uu ) one or more ideas.

Example: I think thi,s storg i,s about sonl,eone u;ha . . .

tr is living in a foreign country. n owns a business.

n is lost. n is having trouble communicating.

tr isangry. n hasaproblem.

Now read the story and check your guesses.

TONIC WATER.I PLEASE

L Tetsuya Saruhashi, greu up in Tokyo, Japan. He u:orked andstud,ied,for a Aear in Toronto, Canada. This story is based on twoof Tetsuya's erperLences there.

How weII do you speak English? Could you survive in an English-5 speaking country? Last year I went to live and study in Canada.

Before going, I took several English conversation classes. I also

I tonic water a flavored water often used in alcoholic drinks

Passage

44 Chapter 5 . Tonic Water, Please

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Iistened to a lot of English conversation tapes and I practiced

speaking English with some foreign friends in my country. But could I

communicate with people in Canada?

During my first months in Canada, I didn't have a lot of troubleunderstanding people. This was a happy surprise. UnfortunatelSz,however, Canadians couldn't always understand me. This was

because of my pronunciation.

My biggest pronunciation problems were with the "v" sound andthe "1" sound. For example, when I said the word uote, Tt sounded likebote. And when I said the word late, rI sounded llke rate. One day Idecided to look for some volunteer work. I went to the touristcenter in Toronto to ask for information about volunteering.

"Can I help you?" the woman at the tourist center asked.

"Yes, I'm looking for some volunteer work," I replied.Unfortunately, I pronounced the word "volunteer" like "borunteer."

"I'm sorry," she said, uWhat are you looking for?"

"Volunteer work," I answered, saying "borunteer" again. She lookedat me strangely and then she called to a man behind the counter.

"Can I help you?" the man asked.

"Yes, I'm looking for some volunteer work," I repeated.

"Could you write that for me?" he asked. I wrote the words downand he immediately understood me. After that, I spent a lot of timepracticing the'u sound and the I sound.

I had trouble pronouncing a few other English sounds, too. Iremember a funny experience I had at a night club. I wanted to get

something to drink, so I went up to the bartender.

"Excuse me, tonic water, please," I said.

"What?" the bartender asked.

I asked, "Can I have a tonic water?"

"Say it again," he responded.

I was kind of2 disappointed that he couldn't understand me. I

repeated my request several times, but still he couldn't understandme. Then, suddenly, he opened the cash register3 and took out somequarters.a He put the quarters on the bar and began to count them.At first, I didn't know what he was doing. Then, suddenly, I

2 kind of (informal) a little3 cash register a special machine where money is kept in a store or

restauranta quarters Canadian and U.S. coins worth twenty-five cents

. 4 5

understood. I asked for tonic water, but he thought I asked for"twenty quarters"!

I burst into laughters and said, "No, I didn't ask for twenty quarters.45 I just want tonic water."

The barbender seemed embarrassed.G "I'm so son1z," he said to me."The music is so loud."

Now, whenevei I ask for tonic water, I remember this incident and IIook forward to the bartender's response.

Understa the xt

A. True or False? Read the statements below and check (uz) True orFalse. Then write the number of the lines in the story that helpedyou. The first one is done for you.

Lines #

1t .

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

Tetsuya Saruhashi is fromJapan.

He studied English before hetraveled to Canada.

He lived for a year in Canada.

He couldn't understand Englishspeakers when they talked to him.

Some Canadians couldn't understandTetsuya when he spoke English.

Tetsuya had trouble pronouncingwords with the "v" sound.

t r t r

n t r

T N7. When the man at the tourist centercouldn't understand him, Tetsuyaspoke inJapanese.

8. Tetsuya asked the bartender atthe night club for money.

work with a partner to correct the false statements.

5 burst into laughter laughed very quickly and loudly6 embarrassed ashamed or uncomfortable

Chapter 5 . Tonic Water, Please46

c.

B. Summarize. Read this summary and add the missing words.

Tetsuya Saruhashi is from , but he lived and studied

in Canada for a year. Before he went to Canada, he spent a lot

of time studying E . That's why he was able to

people when he got to Canada. Unfortunately,

however, many Canadians c understand Tetsuya.

This was because he had trouble p some sounds

in English. One time at a night club, Tetsuya ordered

, but the bartender thought he wanted

. Tetsuya ! when he

realized what the problem was.

Consider the issues. Follow the instructions below.

|. Rewrite one of the conversations in the story. Then read theconversation with one or more classmates.

Conversation #2 night club

Tetsuya

female employee

male employee

Tetsuya

bartender

Example: Conuersation # IWoman: Can I help you?Tetsuya: Yes, I'm looking for some "borunteer" work.Woman: I'm sorr5r. What. . .

2. Pair work. What can you say when you don't understand someone?One person reads a question from Box A. The other person respondswith a phrase from Box B. Then follow the example to finish theconversation. Practice both the formal and informal forms

Example: A: Where i,s Tetsuyafrom?B: Ercuse me?A: Where is Tetsuyafrom?B: Japan. He'sfrom Japan.

Conversation # I tourist center

. 4 7

Box A

. Where is Tetsuya from?

o What is tonic water?

. Where is Toronto?

. Do you Ilkepizza?

. Haveyoueverdonevolunteer work?

Box BFormalExcuse me?Could you repeat that?Could you say that again?Could you write that for me?

InfomnalSay it again.What?What did you say?

3. What pronunciation problems do foreigners have when they speak

your language? Think of one or more examples.

Examples:Foreigners someti,mes say instead of

Reading

Some foreigners can't pronounce the sound

skitl

Scann ingWhen you need to find specific information in a text, you don'thave to read every word. Instead, you can move your eyes quickly

over the text to find the information. This is called scanning.

A. Scanning. Read the questions below Then scan (don't readl thefollowing paragraph to find the answers.

I . What city is this paragraph about?

2. What is the population of the city?

3. ls there information about

the food in this country?

4. ls there information about

the schools in this country?

YES NO

48 Chapter 5 . Tonic Water, Please

YES NO

Ta,ipei

Taipei is a lively and expensive city,

and it lets you know it. About

6,000,000 people live in and around

the capital of Taiwan and it is a

hotbed of renao, or liveliness.

Apartments are almost impossible to

buy in Taipei and the government is

encouraging businesses to locate in

other parts of the country. Taipei

may not be a relaxing place but the

food is excellent, the people are

friendly, and there are some

wonderful things to see, like the

Grand Hotel.

B. Making inferences. What inferences can you make fromstatements below? Circle the letter of your answers.

Example: "Apartments are almost i,mpossible to bug inTaipei and the goDerylnxent i,s encouragingbusinesses to locate in other parts of the co?.Lntry."

@ It's easier to buy an apartment outside of Taipei.b. There aren't many apartments in Taipei.c. There aren't many people in Taipei.

l. "During Tetsuya's first months in Canada, he didn't have a lot oftrouble understanding people. This was a happy surprise for him."

a. Tetsuya expected to have trouble understanding people inCanada.

b. Tetsuya didn't expect to have trouble understanding people inCanada.

c. After a few months, Tetsuya had trouble understandingCanadians.

2. "One day I decided to look for some volunteer work."

a. He needed some money.

b. He is very rich.

c. He could afford to work for free.

" 4 9

3. "Excuse me, tonic water, please," Tetsuya said.uWhat?" the bartender asked."Can I have a tonic water?" Tetsuya asked again."Say it again," he responded.

a. The bartender was angry.

b. The bartender didn't have any tonic water.

c. The bartender couldn't understand Tetsuva.

Understanding Pref ixesYou can add the prefix mi,s- to the beginning of certain words.This adds the meaningincoryectly or badly. For example, thew or d misTtronounce means to pronounce (something)incorrectly. Here a.re some other words to which you can add theprefixmi,s-:

countinformmzrnagepronounce --+readspellunderstand +

miscountmisinformmismanagemispronouncemisreadmisspellmisunderstand

A. Choose a verb from the box above to complete each sentence. Usethe correct form of the verb.

|. I couldn't understand him because hewordaolunteer.

2 . r the directions and got lost.

3. If you my name, I won't get your emailmessage.

4. Read the instructions carefully so that you don'tthem.

5. The people at the tourist center me. Theytold me the bus left at nine. but it left at ten.

6. The new ownerslot of money.

the

50 Chapter 5 . Toni,c Water, Please

the company and it lost a

7 . 1 my money. I thought I had ten Canadiandollars but I only had nine.

8 . John me. I asked him to buy eight cans oftonic water, but he bought eighteen.

9 . r the train schedule. I thought it Ieft atthree o'clock, but it left at eight o'clock.

B. Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 17 | .

Focus

We use the word andto connect ideas that are similar.

" I understand most people, and they understand me.

We use the words but andhoweuer to connect ideas that aredifferent in some way. Howeuer tsually comes after a semicolon.

e I understand most people, but they don't understand me.

. I didn't have trouble understanding people; however, theyhad trouble understanding me.

A. Complete each pair of sentences with and, but, or however.

l. a. I have many Canadian friends; , we never speakEnglish together. We speak French.

b. I have many Canadian friends,speaking English with them.

I often practice

2. a. I asked for information,

b. I asked for information,

3. a. I like to listen to English tapes;speaking English with foreigners here.

b. I like to listen to English tapes,

she was able to help me.

she couldn't help me.

I rarely practice

I often practicespeaking English with foreigners here.

. 5 l

B. What happened? Read each conversation and complete the

summary statement. Use and, but, or however.

| . Tina: Would you Iike some coffee?Tetsuya: I'm sorr5'. What did you say?

Summary statement: Tina offered Tetsuya some coffee,he didn't understand her.

2. Tetsuya: Do you want to go for coffee?Tina: Sure, I'd love to.

Summary statement: Tetsuya invited Tina to go for coffee,she said she'd love to.

3. Tina: Is Tetsuyathere?Ken: No, I'm sorry he's not. Can I take a message?

Summatg statement: Tina called Tetsuya on the telephone;. he wasn't there.

Discussion & it ing

A. Do you think i tscountry? Checkclassmates. Add

easy or difficult to do these things in a foreign(/) your answers. Then share your work withtwo ideas of your own.

trnnTntrnnn

nnnnnnnI

I

to meet people

to make new friends

to understand peoPle

to communicate my ideas

to order food in a restaurant

to learn to use the subway

to answer questions about my country

52 Chapter 5 . Tonic Water, Please

B. Think of an experience you had talking to someone from anothercountry and answer the questions below.

l. Where were you?

2. What did you talk about?

3. Did you have any communication problems?

4. How did you solve these problems?

Now write a short description of your experience.

Example:

One lime a foreiqner etoryed me on the street, 1he

w g q,l o, o^!r, 47 4 sh e- W an! e d dife q.t i e n s. H e r p r o n u n ai at i o n

was pretty qood, so I lhouaht ehe could opeak my

lanquaqe.When I qave her the direatione, however, ohe

didn't understand me al all._l _end_e*d !_p y.ualkinq with her

to her deglination

expeflence

response

volunteer work

communicate

have (trouble)

pronounce

respond

volunteers

practice

disappointed

embarrassed

strangely

unfortunately

. 5 3

Chapter Cefl Phones:Hang Up orKeep Tal ki ng?

Students outside a dormitory at Salem State College,Salem. Massachusetts, USA

Look before you leap.l

-English erpression

I leap jump

54 Cltapter 6

C T :The dangers of cell phone use

Understanding the difference behveenfacts and opinions

B Y :Expressing certainty and uncertainty

Understanding what pronouns refer to

, CeLl Phones: Ho,ttg Up or Keep Talki,ng?

A. Scan the article on pages 55-56 and complete the PreviewingChart below.

Title of the article:

Names of professions and

places in the article

(List three more.)

hea l th o ro fess iona le

Based on the chart above, what do you thinkCheck {uz) one or more ideas.

Example: I thi,nk this article is about .

communication problems

the possible dangers of cell phones

why people use cell phones

the future of cell phones

Key words (What word

appears several times?

List three more.)

wor r ied

B. the article is about?

trntrnn

CEIL PHONES: HANG UP2 OR KEEP TALI( ING?

Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it isactually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that thephones are more than a means of communication - having a mobilephones shows that they are coola and connected.

2 hang up turn the telephone off3 mobile phone cell phonea cool doing things that are popular

Passage

. 5 5

10

15

20

25

30

The explosions around the world in mobile phone use6 has somehealth professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that inthe future many people may suffer health problemsz from the use ofmobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate aboutthis issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negativepublicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proofs that mobilephones are bad for your health.

On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes inthe brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signsof change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detectede withmodern scanning equipment.l0 In one case, a traveling salesmanhad to retiretr at a young age because of serious memory loss. Hecouldn't remember even simple tasks.lz He would often forget thenarne of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone forabout six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple ofyears. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use,13 but hisemployer's doctor didn't agree.

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? Theanswer is radiation. High-techla machines can detect very smallamounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companiesagree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is toosmall to worry about.

As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it'sbest to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if youwant to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when youreally need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient,especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have awarning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it'swise not to use your mobile phone too often.

5 explosion suddenincrease6 mobile phone use the number of people using mobile phones7 suffer health problems (from) have health problems caused by8 there is no proof (that) there are no facts to show that; there is no

evidence thate detected seen; found

10 modern scanning equipment new medical machines showing thingsinside the body

11 retire stop working12 tasks jobs; things to do13 blamed his mobile phone use said that using his mobile phone

caused the problemIa high-tech advancedtechnology

Chapter 6 . CeLl Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?5 6

the xt

Multipfe choice. For each item below circle the best answer.

l. This article is about

a. the possible dangers of mobile phone use

b. why mobile phones are popular

c. how mobile phones work

2. The writer's purpose in writing this article was to

a. convince people that ceII phones may be dangerous

b. convince people that cell phones are dangerous

c. convince people to buy ceII phones

Paragraph 4 (lines 23-27) is about

a. the increase in mobile phone use

b. what makes mobile phones potentially dangerous

c. how to avoid the possible dangers of mobile phones

Another word for means in line 4 is -.

a. unkind

b. method

c. expression

In line 23, lhe word potentially means

a. cerbainly

b. possibly

c. privately

You can infer from the information in paragraph 2 (Iines 6-12)that mobile phone companies

a. know that cell phones are dangerous to your health

b. have proof that ceII phones are not dangerous to your health

c. axe afraid that information about cell phone health problemswill hurt their business

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

. 5 7

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questions

below.

l. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ceII phones?

Write each sentence from the box below under "Advantages" or"Disadvantages." Then add one more of your own.

r They are easy to carry.

r They are small.

o They sometimes ring during concerts and movies.

I They are expensive.

r lt3 easy to lose them.

o You can talk on the phone anywhere.

o Cell phone users have more car accidents.

They are eaoy t ,o car ry .

2. Pair work. Write five sentences comparing mobile phones withregular phones. Use the adjectives in the box.

Comparative Forms of Adjectivescheapersmallersafereasier to lose

more convenlentmore popularmore comforbable

Example: Regular phones are cheaper than mobile phones.

l .

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

58 Chapter 6 . CelI Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?

adi skifl

Understanding the d i f ference between factsand op in ionsWhen you read, it's imporbant to know the difference between factsand opinions. A fact is something you know is true. With a fact,there is information to show it is true. An opinion is something youthink is true. An opinion is based on feelings, not facts.

Fact: Mobile phones send out small amounts of radiation.Opinion: Using a mobile phone makes you look cool.

Fact or Opinion? Read the statements and check (u/)

|. Millions of people use mobile phones today.

2. In the future, many people may suffer healthproblems from the use of ceII phones.

3. High-tech machines can detect very smallamounts of radiation from mobile phones.

4. The amount of radiation from cell phones isvery small.

5. CeII phones aren't dangerous because theamount of radiation from them is very small.

6. There are more cell phone users today thanin 1995.

7. ManyAsian students study in England andthe United States every year.

8. In the future people won't read as manybooks as they do today.

9. Mr. Kazi is a successful businessperson.

| 0. There is a hotel called the Grand Hotel inTaipei, Taiwan.

Compare your answers with a partner.

Fact or Opinion.

Fact Opinion

n nt r n

n

n

n

n

tr

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n t rn t r

. 5 9

cabufary

Express ing cer ta in ty and uncer ta in tyWriters use different expressions to tell if they are certain oruncertain about something.

Examples:Uncertain: It appears that it's dangerous to use cell phones.Certain: It's a fact that mobile phones give out some radiation.

UncertainIt appears thatIt seems thatIt's possible thatI think thatThe research indicates that

CertainIt's a fact that I'm certain thatIt's certain that I'm positive thatIt's true that I'm sure thatStudies show that I lmow that

Complete each sentence with athan one answer is possible.

phrase from the box above. More

t . mobile phones cause cancer.

the sun causes cancer.

there has been an explosion

mobile phones wiII become

Iarge amounts of radiation

in mobile phone use.

more popular in the future.

are dangerous.

B. Pair work. For each topic below, complete the sentences. (Manydifferent answers are possible.)

l. Topic: cellphones

a. It's possible that ceLI phones are danqerous to uour health.

b. It's a fact that

2 . Topic: studying abroad

a. It seems that

b. I'm certain that

3. Topic: sleep

a. It's possible that

b. Studies show that

A.

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

60 Chapter 6 . CeLI Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?

4. Topic: books

a. I think that

b. It's afactthat

C. Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 171 .

Focus

Understanding what pronouns refer toWe often use a pronoun instead of repeating the name of a person,place, or thing. When you read, it's imporbant to know what apronoun refers to. In the example below, the pronoun they refersto "young people in many parts of the world."

Example:In many parts of the world, mobile phones axe very popular withyoung people. They find that the phones are more than a means ofcommunication - having a cell phone shows that they are cooland connected.

A. Read these sentences. Then write what each underlined pronounrefers to.

l. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation,thev say the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.

In tluis sentence, the pronoun "they" refers to

2. There have been some concerns about long-term use of aphone and the effect it might have on the human body.

In this sentence, the pronoun "'tt" refers to

3. Some health professionals are worried about the explosion inmobile phone use. The]' are concerned that people may sufferhealth problems in the future.

In this sentence, the pronoun "they" refers to

4. Radiation is potentially harmful and high-tech machines candetect small amounts of it coming from mobile phones.

In thi,s sentence, the pronourl "i,t" refers to

5. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label attachedthat says they are bad for your health.

but

mobile

In this sentence, the pronoun "they" refers to

. 6 1

B. Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined words with apronoun.

l. A Danish study of cell phone users did not prove that cell phoneusers axe more likely to get cancer.

A Dani,sh stud,u of cell phone users d,id not proDe that theu are

more likelu to get cancer.

2. The radiation in laboratory tests may not have penetrated the cellsas radiation would penetrate the brain in real life.

3. Scientists are eagerly awaiting the results of a very large study ofcell phone users in Europe. Unfortunately, the study won't beavailable for several more vears.

4. Many of my Japanese classmates didn't use their English verymuch even though many of my Japanese classmates had largevocabularies.

5. A few yeaxs ago, it seemed likely that computers would replacebooks. Now, however, most experts think books are here to stay.

6. Mr. Kazi'sjob was to clean the kitchen. "I didn't Iike the job," Mr.Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."

62 Chapter 6 . CelI Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?

Discussion & it ing

A. What looks "cool" to you? Check (/) your answers.

nnnnnnnnnn

I

T

I

T

I

I

T

T

I

I

talk ing on a cel l phone

wearing high-heeled shoes

wearing lots ofjewelry

wearing boots

wearing headphones

smoking cigarettes

driving a sports car

tattoos

nose flngs

B. Pair work. One person identifies something that looks cool. Theother person agrees or disagrees.

Example: A: I think talki,ng on a ceII phone looks cool.B: Interesting. I think ueari,ng a lot of jewehy

looks cool.A: So do I. And I think . . .

(Agree)

B: So do L And I think

(Disagree)B: Interesting. I think

. 6 3

c. Pair work. The writer of the article on pages 55-56 suggests thatpeople use cell phones sensibly or wisely. Write a list of "dos" and"don'ts" for using a cell phone wisely.

apeak eoft lv

Compare your lists with another pair of students.

a

a

a

a

a

amounI

danger

health

radiation

use

means

agree

blame

retire

suffer

use

concerned

convenient

harmful

popular

unusual

wtse

cool

softly

wisely

potentially

64 Chapter 6 . CelI Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?

Seeing is belieaing.

-Engtish enpression A ghost story

Summarizing

Learning synonyms

Using must haue + past palticiple

" 6 5

A. Scan the story on pages 67-68 and complete the chart below.

Title of the article:

Names of people andplaces in the articfe(List three more.)

F l o r i d a

Key words (What wordappears several times?List three more.)

I think this story is about:

B. Several strange things happen in the story onthe story and take notes in the chart below.

pages 67-68. Read

in the Everglades

in the first-class section of

an Eastern Airlines plane

in the staff room at John E

Kennedy airport

in the first-class section of

an Eastern Airlines plane

on December 12 , 1972

in March 1973

in March 1973

in April 1973

Flight 40 I crashed

66 Chapter 7 . The Ghost Pilot

10

15

20

25

T H E G H O S T I P I T O T

Just before midnight on December L2,1972, Eastern Airlines Flight401 fell out of the sky.2 The airplane crashed in the Everglades areaof Florida. Of the 176 people on board,3 99 died, including theairplane's pilot, Bob Loft, and the flight engineer, Don Repo.

About three months after the crash, a high-ranking executivea ofEastern Airlines boarded an aircraft for Miami, Florida. He spotted aman in a pilot's uniform sitting alone in the first-class seetion andwent to sit down beside him. The executive struck up a conversationswith the captain. Afber a few minutes he realized that he was talking tothe pilot Bob Loft. Then the pilot faded away.6

A week later, an Eastern Airlines pilot and two of his crew went intoa sta"ff roomT at John R Kennedy Airport, in New York. They all sawBob Loft in a chair. He talked to them for a while, then vanished. Themen were so shockeds that the airline had to cancele their flight.

Three weeks Iater, apassenger was sitting in the first-class sectionof a flight to Miami. She was worried about the man in an EasternAirlines uniform sitting next to her. His face was white and he lookedill, so she called the fli t attendant.

The flight attendant leaned down to speak to the man but heignored her.10 Then, as she touched his arm, he slowly faded away,Ieaving only an empty seat.

When the plane landed in Miami, the passenger was taken to ahospital in a state of shock. Lateg when she saw photographs, sheidentified the ghost as flight engineer Don Repo.

Over the next few months, more than ten flight attendants claimedto see Don Repo. The ghost seemed to appear more often on some

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

t0

ghost the spirit of a dead person

fell out ofthe sky felltothe ground; crashed

on board on the airplane

a high-ranking executive an important person in the company

struck up a conversation started a conversation

faded away slowly disappeared

staff room a room for workers, but not customers

shocked very surprised

cancel stop

ignored her pretended she wasn't there

. 6 7

30

35

aircraftrl than on others. Rumors began to spreadlz that he appearedonly on planes with replacement parts from the crashed Flight 401. Itwas usual practice for an airline to use undamaged parts from acrashed plane in another plane if they passed strictls s ty tests.

The stories must have worried the bosses of Eastern Airlines. Theyordered their engineers to remove from their planes all equipmentfrom the 401 wreck.ta

It seemed to work. When atl of the parls from Flight 401 had beenremoved, Bob Loft and Don Repo left Eastern Airlines and theirurcraft, in peace.l5 No one has seen their ghosts since.

l .

2 .

3 .

n nt r n

ntr

tr!

tr

ntr

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

!

ntr

Understanding the t

A. True or False? Read the statements and check (/) True or False.

True False

Don Repo and Bob Loft died in an airplane crash. n n

We don't know why Flight 401 crashed.

The ghost of Don Repo appeared on all EasternAirlines flights.

More than one person saw the ghost of Bob Lofb.

AII of the people who saw the ghost of Don Repoand Bob Loft were airline employees.

The word spotted, in line 6 means talked to.

The word uanished, in line 13 means d'i,sappeared.

You can infer that Flight 401 was probably usingundamaged parbs from another aircraft.

work with a partner to correct the false statements.

1r aircraft airplanes12 rumors began to spread people started saylng13 strict difficult and demandingla the 401 wreck the crashed plane (Flight 401)15 left the aircrafrt in peace didn't bother the aircraft again

Chapter 7 . The Ghost Pilot68

B. Summarize. Read this summary of "The Ghost Pilot" and add themissing words.

Summary

The Ghost Pilot is a story about some strange things thathappened after Flight 401 c in 1972. Several months

after the accident, a number of people saw Bob Loft and Don

Repo, the pilot and flight engineer of Flight 401 who d

in the crash. For example, an airline executive saw Bob Loft in the

first-class s of an airplane. An airplane pilot saw Bob

Loft in an airport s . Some people thought the twoghosts appeared only on flights with 1crashed Flight 401. After the engineers I

parts from the

the

replacement parts, Bob Loft and Don Repo stopped appearing.

C. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow.

| . Which parts of the story seem possible to you? Which parts don'tseem possible? Add two more ideas to the chart below.

A i r l i nee had a conve rsa l i on execuLive wae t ,a lk ina to h im,

w i t h a p i l o L .

b .b .

According to the storycrashed plane. What isdoing this?

airlines can useone advantage

undamaged parts from aand one disadvantage of

One advantage is that

a. the execuLive of Eaetern a . l h e p i l o l f a d e d a w a y w h i l e l h e

2 .

One disadvantage is that

. 6 9

3. The quotation on page 65 reads "Seeing is believing." What doesthis mean? How does it relate to the story?

Readi skitl

Sumrnar iz ingWhen you summarize, you retell the most imporbant informationin your own words. Summarizing something you read can help youremember information.

Summary ofparagraph #1, page 67:Eastev'n Airlines F'light 401 crashed in I'lori,da i,n 1972. Morethan half oJ the people on theflight di,ed.

A. Complete these summaries. (More than one answer maybe possible.)

| . Summary of paragraph #2 (Iines 5-10):

A few months after the accident, an airline

was traveling in an airplane to

After talking to another passenger for awhile, he realized

the person was . Then the person

2. Summary of paragraph #3 (lines 11-14):

Three airline employees thought they talked to Bob Loft in

an airport . They were so upset, the

airlines had to their flight.

3. Summary of paragraphs #4 to #6 (Iines 15-24).

One passenger was worried because the man next to her looked

. Then, when a flight attendant touched

the man. he . The passenger later

identified the man as

erecutiue

7O ChapterT . TheGhostPi,Iot

cabulary

Learn ing synonymsS5monyms are words that are similar in meaning.Theverbs leaaeand, d,epart a"re sJmonyms. So are the verbs order and demand.

Good writers often use synonyms to avoid repeating a word in aparagraph or story. In the story on pages 67-68, the writer used thesynonyms /o ded aut ay and a anished.

Three of the words in each group are synonyms. Cross out theword that is not a synonym.

Example: sick +WeV untnell ill

l. feel notice see spot

2. disappear fade away shock vanish

3. concerned unexpected troubled worried

4. ask answer respond reply

5. claimed said stated repeated

6. regular normal serious usual

7. depart join leave take off

8. dangerous harmful unsafe convenient

9. fail dream hope plan

Compare your answers with a partnen

Pair work. Look back at the reading to find synonyms for these words.

| . In line 7, find a synonyrn for area.

2. In line 10, find a synonym for d,isappeared,.

3. In line 12, find a synonym for spotted,.

4. In line 17, find a synonym for seemed.

5. In line 22,find a synonyrn for arriued.

6. In line 29, find a synonym for common.

7. In line 31, find a synonym for erecutiues.

c. choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 172.

A.

B.

. 7 l

Focus

Using + Past Par t ic iP leWe often use must h'aue + past participle to make a conclusion

about something that happened in the past.

Example:The stories must haue worri,ed, the bosses of Eastern Airlines. They

ordered their engineers to remove equipment from the 401 wreck.

Circle the word that best completes each sentence.

L The flight attendant must have been (shocked/happy) when she

touched the man's arm and he disappeared.

2. The pilot must have felt (okay/sick) if he wasn't able to fly

the airplane.

3. The woman must have looked at the man (carefully/quickly)

because she was able to identify him Iater from a photograph'

4. If they used a part from Flight 401 on another aircraft, the parb

must have (failed/passed) the safety test.

Match an item from Column A with one from Column B to

complete each sentence.

| . If they took her tothe hospital, she

2. If she couldn'tsleep all night, she

3. If there isn't any foodin the house, he

If the door islocked, they

If he did well onthe test, he

6. If you can't hearthe radio, she

7. If they didn't call, theY

8. I fheboughtacat,he

Compare answers with your classmates'

72 ChapterT ' TheGhostPilot

A.

B .

4 .

5 .

must have gone away.

must have studied.

must have turned it off'

must not have gone tothe supermarket.

must have lost Your number.

must have felt tired thenext day.

must have borrowed moneyfrom the bank.

must have been reaIIY sick.1

Discussion &

A. Think of an accident that you have heard or read about. Writeabout your memories of the accident in the chart below Use thequestion words to organize your story.

Who

Who was

in the accident?

tr)Uhere

Where did the

accident happen?

When

When did the

accident happenT

What

What caused the

accident?

What happened?

Use your chart to tell your classmates about the accident.

. 7 3

B. Group work. Follow the steps below to play the game Two Truthsand One Lie.

Step 1 : Write two true things and one untrue thing about yourself.

Examples: I have never eaten a hamburger.

I broke my leg five years ago.

I think sailing is a lot of fun.

Hint: Make it difficult for your classmates to

guess the untrue sentence.

Step 2: Read the three statements to your classmates. Ask them toidentify the false statement.

. lts hard to believe that

r I can't believe that . .

Ghost stories are popular in many countries. Even though thesestories are about very strange things, many people believe them.Why do you think people believe ghost stories?

I think people belieue ghost stories because . . .

c.

. I think its true that . . .

aircraft

flight attendant

passenger

pi lot

die

rgnore

land

remove

spor

vanish

empty

i t l

shocked

strict

usual

74 ChapterT . TheGluostPilot

Mariko Asano, a Habitat for Humanity volunteer,helps build a house in the Philippines.

When one helps

another, both gain

in strength.

-S outh Americ an prou erb

C T :Volunteering

Identifying the topic and main idea

Using prefixes: ?.titl-, 'i,nl,-, in-, ir-

Understanding gerunds

. 7 5

Read these dictionary definitions and answer the questions below.

volunteer noun a person who offers or agrees to do somethingwithout being forced or paid to do it: He does a lot of uolunteerwork at the hospital.

volunteer aerb to offer to do something which you do not haveto do or for which you will not be pard: She uolunteeredfor theschool's social committee.

A. Think of something you volunteered to do for a friend , familymembet or organization. Who did you help? What did you do?

B. Think of two more volunteer organizations and complete the chart.

l. The International Red Cross to help people after disasters

2 .

3 .

C. Read the introduction to the article on page 76-77. Add informationabout the volunteer organization Habitat for Humanity to the chartabove. What do you think the reading will be about?

HELPING OTHERS

by Mariko Asano

IntroductionHabitat for Humanity Intervmti,onal-or Habitat-is anonprofit organi,zation that helps people in needr build houses.Si,nce 1976, uolunteers for Habitat haae bui,Lt more than100,000 houses u;orldwi,de. According to Habitat, houteuer,there are still more than 1.5 billion people in the utorld without

1 in need

76 ChapterS .

who need help

Helping Others

10

15

20

25

d,ecenthousing.z In the article belou, Mari,ko Asano talks abouther erperience as a Habitat aolunteer. She has traueled to thePhilippines three ti,mes to help bui,Ld, houses for people uhoneed them.

I am 24 yeaxs old and I grew up in Nishinomiya, Japan. Severalyears ago, I went to Negros Island in the Philippines as a Habitatvolunteer. This was the first of three trips I have taken to thePhilippines as a volunteer. For me, the idea of building somebody'shouse abroad was very exciting. The next year I returned to NegrosIsland as a Habitat volunteer. This time I went as a student leaderwith 28 classmates from Kyoto University of Foreign Studies.

Both the staff3 and the families on Negros Island became dearfriends of the work team I led.a Meeting these people was wonderfulfor each of us. Their lifestyle reminded us of the meaning and value oflife. The people also helped us appreciate the more valuable things inlife, such as spending time with your family, friends and neighbors;developing close relationships; helping each other; and appreciatingswhat you do have. These things are sometimes forgotten in anaffluent country6 like Japan.

We thought we czilne to the Philippines to help the Filipino people,but they helped us to see something valuable. They generouslyoffered their food, space, and hearts7 in a way we were notaccustomed to. (Would you give up your bed for a stranger and sleepon the cement floor at your own house?)

When I took my third trip to the Philippines as a Habitat volunteer,I was assigned to8 a house with young people from around the world.In my group, there were Filipinos, Americans, Indians, Koreans, andJapanese. We worked together to complete a house for a family wemet on the site.e On the last day, all of us stood inside a room we hadbuilt in just a week, feeling a sense of fulfillment.l0 Even now we keep

decent housing housing of an acceptable standard; livable housing

staff employees

the work team I led group of workers I was responsible for

appreciating beingthankful for

an affluent country a wealthy country

offered their food, space, and hearts gave us food, a place to stay,and kindness

was assigned to was sent to work in; was given a job in

on the site at the place (where they built the house)

a sense of fulfillment a feeling of accomplishment

8

I

10

. 7 V

in touch across the world. Some of us are actively involved in Habitat

in different countries.

Habitat brings people together and helps us realize that people all

30 over the world care about each other. Habitat sends the very

important message that we can all be friends. Being involved with

Habitat for Humanity has changed my life. I've learned that I can

make a differencell in the world.

the xt

A. Multiple choice. For each item below, circle the best answer.

| . The writer's purpose in writing the article was to

a. convince people to travel

b. discourage people from giving money for housing

c. share avaluable experience about volunteering

Which statement is true?

a. Habitat for Humanity is more than 25 years old.

b. The writer is an employee of Habitat for Humanity.

c. The writer has helped to build houses in more than one country.

In line 1, the words greu W mean

a. studied

b. became taII

c. spent my childhood

In lines 26-27, the words keep in touch mean

a, communicate

b. make money

c. walk

5. You can infer from paragraph #1 Qines l-7)thatMariko Asano

a. is still a student at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies

b. studied at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies

c. was a teacher at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies

11 make a difference do something important for other people

78 Chapter 8 . Helping Others

2 .

3 .

4 .

6. You can infer from paragraph #4 (lines 2l-28) that Mariko Asano

a. knew the family before she went to the Philippines

b. didn't finish building the house

c. was happy with the house her team built

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow.

l. Pair work. In paragraph #2 (lines 8-15), what does Mariko Asanosay are the valuable things in life? List four things below.

. t r tb t .

Th ings in L i fe

Choose one of MarikoS ideas and complete the sentence below.

Example: We think it's important to help each other becausetogether u)e are stronger.

We think it's i,mportant tobecause . . .

2. In your opinion, what are some of the positive and negative thingsabout volunteering for Habitat? Add four ideas to the chart below.

You can help other people. l. You don't earn any money.

a

a

a

1 .

2 .

3 .

2 .

3 .

Based on the informationsomeone to volunteer for

in your chart, would you encourageHabitat? Why or why not?

. 7 9

Reading Skif l

ldent i fy ing the top ic and main ideaTo identify the topic of a reading, ask: What is the reading about?To identify the main idea of a reading, ask: What is the mosti,mportant thing the utriter saEs about the topic?

Example:The topic of the reading on pages 77-78 is volunteering forHabitat. The writer's main idea is that volunteering to help otherpeople can change your life.

Look back at the readings in Chapters l , 2, 3, and 6 and completethis chart. (More than one answer may be correct.)

Are You Getting

Enough Sleep?

{pp. 3-4)

Mika3 Homestay

in London

( p p . l 3 - 1 4 )

The Book of

the Future

(pp .23-2+)

Going without sleep

can be bad foryour

health.

You can learn a lot

from

the e-book Books in the future will

DC

Celf Phones: Hang

Up or Keep Talking?(pp. ss-s6)

Compare your answers with a partner.

80 Chapter 8 . Helpi,ng Others

cabulary

You can change the meaning of many adjectives by adding a prefixthat means not: un-, im-, in-, ir-.

For example, the wordunimTtortant means not important andthe word inactiae means not acti,ae.

Examples:un-

uncomfortableunprofitableunwiseunimportantunhelpfulunsuccessfulunhealthy

im-immobileimpermanentimpossibleimmature

in-inconvenientincompleteinactiveinexperiencedindependent

lr-irregularirreplaceableirresponsible

B.

c.

Add the correct prefix (un-, im-, in-, ir) to each adjective below tomake the meaning negative.

Example: Is it impossible to leav'n a nelD language

in one year?

| . Do you think sleeping on a cement floor would be verycomfort able 2

2. Have you ever handed inan com?leT'e homework

assignment?

3. Do you think i1's healbhy to go without sleep for

several days and nights?

4. Would you like to fly with y, ex?erienced pilot?

5. Do you think i1's wiee to use a cell phone?

6. Would you like to own an ?rofiLable restaurant?

Pair work. Ask a partner the questions from Activity A.

Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 172.

. 8 t

Langu Focus

Unders tand ing ge rundsA gerund is the -i'ng form of a verb when it is used as a noun. The

boldfaced words below are gerunds. In each example, the gerund

is the subject ofthe sentence.

Examples:Helping others makes you feel good.Meeting these people was wonderful for each of us.Developing close relationships is one of the important things in life.

Being involved with Habitat has changed my life.

A. Complete each sentence with a gerund from the box below.

{More than one answer is possible.f

developing close relationshiPs

doing research

going without sleeP

starting your own business

learning to fly a plane

making a profit

watching televtslon

savrng money

sleeping on a cement floor

worryrng

using a mobi le Phonetraveling abroad

working in a restaurant

is really bad for your health.

would be difficult.

wilt help you keep in touch withyour friends.

is an important thing to do.

is a wise thing to do.

would be a Iot of fun.

helps relieve stress.

is exciting.

B. Pair work. Read the sentences from Activity A to a partner. Find

out if your partner agrees or disagrees with each statement.

Example A: Goi'ng ui'thout sleep is really badforyour health.

B: Tltat's true. (or Really? Why is that?)

82 Cha,pter 8 . Helping Others

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

7 .

8 .

6 .

Discussion & it i

Which of the following volunteer opportunities would you choose?why?

| . reading to a blind person

2. cooking for a sickperson

3. fixing bicycles for children

4. helping someone Iearn to read

5. cleaning a house for an older person

Being involved with Habitat was an important experience in MarikoAsano3 life. Follow the steps below to write about an importantexperience in your life.

Step | : Think of some important experiences in your life.List them on a piece of paper.

Example: Important experiences in my life. meeting Tinac goi,ng to Canada. Iearyti,ng to play the piano. lear"ning to drtue a car. spending time ui,thmy grandmother

Step 2: Choose one of the experiences on your list. Collectinformation about this experience in a chart like theone below

Who?

My mother taughtme.

When?

In 1982. I uas 18.

experience:Learning to d,riae a

Where?

In Los Angeles SpentnxMLA hoursusithmy mother

A.

B.

li1. 8 3

Step 3: Write about your experience. Then tell a partner aboutthe experience.

Example:Leatning to ddae a cd,r uas an important erperience in myIife. Mg mother taught me to driue uhile my father u&s awaAonbus i ,ness . . .

C. Find out about a volunteer organization in your area. Share whatyou learned with your classmates.

Name of organization:Purpose:

Web site:Phone:

fulfil lment

lifestyle

message

organization

relationship

volunteer

appreciate

be involved in

care about

volunteer

grow up

keep {in touchf

make (a difference)

offer

(a) close (relationshipJ

valuable

uncomfortable

incomplete

unhealthy

84 Chapter 8 . Helping Others

Chapter Baseball FansAround theWorld

Fan holding an airhornin Fukuoka, Japan

Take me out

to the ballgame,Take me out

to the crowd,

Bug me some peanuts

and Cracker Jacks,

f don't care if I

neaer get back.

--Jack Notworth,

American songwri,ter

Vendor selling refreshments at an American baseball game

C T :The behavior of baseball fans

Making predictions

B RY:Grouping words and phrases

Using the verbs see, hear, usatch, and

feel + object + -i,ng form

. 8 5

A. What do you know about baseball? Study the diagram and readthe statements below. Check (uz) True or False.

True False| . There are five bases on a baseball field. tl n

2. The baseball pitcher pitches (throws) n nthe baII from first base.

3. The batter bats (hits the ball) from tr trhome plate.

4. When a batter hits a home run, he must touch n nthree bases and home plate.

B. Look at the title of the reading on page 87 . What do you think thereading wil l be about?

86 Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around the World

Passage

10

15

20

25

30

BASEBALL FANS AROUND THE WORTD

Baseball is a very popular sport in Asia, North America, SouthAmerica, and even Europe. While the rules of baseball are similarfrom country to country, the behavior of baseball fans is verydifferent. Here's a look at some of the differences in fan behavioraround the world.

In JapanBaseball fans in Japan are loud-really loud. The sound of chants,

cheering, drums, and trumpets continues nonstop throughout abaseball game in Japan. When a team goes to bat,r their fans sing adifferent song for each batter at the plate. And even when their team islosing badly, Japanese fans continue to yell and screarn. Foreignbaseball players in Japan are often surprised that the fans neverboo2 a player. According to the American pitcher Brian War-ren,baseball is more fun in Japan. "When I used to play in Venezuela,"Warren said, "fans threw things at me when I didn't pitch well." Thisnever happens in Japan.

When a Japanese player hits a home run, the fans give the biggestcheer of all-a banzai, cheer. That's when the fans yell with both oftheir arms above their heads.

In TbiwanBaseball fans in an are just as loud as the fans in Japan! In

Taiwan, many fans use air horns to cheer their team on. These hornsare so loud they can really hurt your ears. Taiwanese fans often yell"Charge!" to excite the baseball players. And when a player hits ahome run, there is a special tradition. After the player mns aroundthe bases, a young girl presents him with a stuffed animal that looksIike his team's mascot.3

In the United StatesAsian visitors to the United States are often surprised and

disappointed by how quiet American baseball fans are. "When I wentto a baseball game in San FYancisco, everybody was just sitting therewatching the game. It was kind of boring," says Barry Lin, aTaiwanese student at the University of California, Berkeley. "Baseballwas invented in the United States," Lin says, "but Americans don'tseem very excited about their game."

I goes to bat takes their turn hitting the ball2 boo make the noise "boo!" to show disapproval3 mascot an animal that is a team's symbol of good luck

. 8 7

35

40

45

It's true. Baseball fans in the United States are some of the quietestin the world. It's common to see baseball fans eating hot dogs andpopeorn, and chatting with friends. "When I go to a baseball game,"says Ginger Hanson from San Francisco, "I want to have fun withfriends and catch up ona their lives. The real reason I go is for thesocial experience."

In the Dominican RepublicLike the fans in Japan and Taiwan, the fans in the Dominic

Republic cheer loudly throughout the game. They also sing anddance! Since music and dancing are an important part of Dominicanculture, you might even find a mere ue band moving through thestands at a baseball game.

Despite the music and dancing, many Dominican fans are veryserious about baseball. Carol Parmenter, an American living in theDominican Republic, says, "At Dominican games, you see groups ofmen drinking small cups of sweet coffee, carefully analyzing everypitch, every hit, every play. American fans don't usually follow thegame that closely."

True Falsen t r

tr

n

n

tr

tr

n

tr

n

n

n

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

a catch up on learnnewthings about

88 Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around the World

Understan the xt

A. True or Fafse? Read the statements and check (uu ) True or False.

| . This article is primarily about the rules forplayrng baseball.

According to the article, baseball fans are noisyin every country except the Dominican Republic.

Venezuelan baseball fans are different fromJapanese baseball fans.

Japanese fans give abanzai, cheer when theirplayers get a home run.

Air horns are popular among fans in both Taiwarrand the United States.

Taiwanese baseball fans are a little quieter thanJapanese fans.

7. The word "scream" in line 10 means to talk quietly.

8. The word "chatting" in line 35 means cooking.

9. You can infer that baseball fans in Japan andTaiwan don't follow the game very closely.

| 0. You can infer that Brian Warren has playedbaseball in Japan.

Work with a classmate to correct the false statements.

n All the t imen Oftenn Sometimesn Rarely! Never

nnnn!

True Fafse

n nn nn n

ntr

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow

| . What was the most surprising or interesting thing that you learnedin this reading? Why was it surprising or interesting?

2. Do you think it is ever okay to boo someone? Why or why not?

3. Choose a type of sports event you and your partner have attendedand answer the questions below.

Sports euent:

Al l the t ime

Often

Sometimes

Rarely

Never

How often do you cheer?

What do you yell or sing

when you cheer?

what percentage of time

do you spend standing

during a game?

trnn

nnn

O-33o/o

34-660/o

67-l000/o

O-33o/o

34-660/o

67-l OOo/o

How closely do you watch

the game?

Very closely

Somewhat closely

Not very closely

Very closely

Somewhat closely

Not very closely

ntr!

n!

n

. 8 9

Which sentence describes you and your partner best at thesports event?

tr We do the same things.

n We do almost the same things.

tr We do some of the same things.

n We don't do the same things.

Making predic t ionsWhen you make a prediction, you guess what wiII happen. Beforeyou read a story or article, it helps to Iook it over and predict whatit \MiIl be about.

Example:By looking at the title, proper names, and key words on pages87-88, you can predict the topic ofthe reading: the behavior ofbaseball fans in Japan, Taiwan, the United States, and theDominican Republic.

Look ahead to Chapter 10 (page 96), Chapter 1 1 (page 107), andChapter 12 (page I l6). Based on the picture and t i t le at thebeginning of each chapte; complete each prediction below.

| . I think Chapter l0 is about: E unusual clothing

E the history of music

I afamous musician

because

skirf

I think Chapter 1l is about:

because

9O Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around the World,

3 . I think Chapter 12 is about:

because

Compare ideas with your classmates.

Bui l CA

Grouping words and phrasesGrouping words and phrases that are similar can help youremember them. For example, grouping the players in differentsports will help you remember them.

Baseball playerspitchercatcherfirst basemanoutfielder

A. Group these phrasesboth groups.

chat with friendscheereat during the gamego to bat

Soccer playersgoalieforwardhalfbackfullback

in the chart below. Some phrases may go in

have fun with friendshit home runsrun around the basessing and dance

yell and screamuse air hornswatch the game

. 9 1

B. Add three words or phrases to each group below. (You can lookback at the readings in Chapters 1, 2, 4 and 5 for ideas.)

l o e e w e i a h t

h a l l u c i n a t e m i g p r o n o u n c e w o r d g

C. Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 173.

La uage Focus

Us ing+ - '

Form:seehearwatchfeel

form+ object

+ object + -i,ng form of verb

Examples:

. It's common to see people eating hot dogs.

. At Dominican garnes, you see men drinking coffee andanalyzing every pitch.

MeaningWe use the verbs see, hear, watch, andfeel with an -i,ng formtoshow that the activity or action is continuous or ongoing.

A. Complete the following sentences with a verb + ing. (More thanone answer may be correct.)

f . It's common to see Americansto friends at a baseball game.

popcorn and talking

2. In the Dominican Republic, you can see fansdancing at baseball garnes.

92 Chapter I . Baseball Fans Around the Wortd

and

3. When I went to a game in Japan, I saw many fansvery loudly.

4. It's fun to watch my favorite player home runs.

5. At the beach, you can see people in the ocean.

6. I heard youtonight.

very loudly last night. Please be quieter

B. What do you see in the illustration below? ldentify five things.

Example: I see people cheertng.I see som,eone . . .I see aplayer. . .

i q

,yC I e ' { 1

. 9 3

c. Complete the sentencesyour country.

below with information about a sport in

l .

2 .

3 .

4 .

Sport:

It's common to see fans

It's not common to see fans

At games here, you often see

At games here, you don't usually see

Discussion &

A. Choose one of the sports events below and complete the chart.

basketball gametennis match

soccer gametable tennis game

golf matchvolleyball game

p l a v e r e k i c k i n o , N h e b a l l f a n s v e l l i n a

Read the information in your chart aloud, but don't identifi thesport. See if your classmates can name it.

Example:

A: At this sports euent Aou see players ranning and jumping.B: Is it basketball?

B. Pair work. lnterview a classmate about his or her favorite sport towatch. Record the answers in the chart below.

1.

2.oD .

4.

What's your favorite sport to watch?

When did you first watch this sport?

How often do you watch this sport?

What do you like about this sport?

94 Chapter 9 . Baseball Fans Around, the Wortd,

Tell your classmates about your partner3 favorite sport to watch.

Example:

My partner's fauodte sport to watch is ice hockeE. She firstwatched this sport when she was 12 years old. Nou she oftenuatches ganxes on teleuision, ottd, she usually goes to aboutthree games a Aea,r. She likes this sport because it's uery fast.

catch up on

chat with

cheer

scream

yell

. 9 5

Chapter Vanessa-Mae:A zlst CenturyMusician

Vanessa-Mae

I'ue alwags felt thatgood music,

if it is well played,

will touch

anuone anywhere.

C T :A young musician's life

Dealing with unfamiliar words

Understanding suffixes

Showing a contrast with although

-Vanessa-Mae,

Si,ngaporean musician

(1e77- )

96 Chapter 70 . Vunessa-Mae:A21"t Cenhny Musician

A. Who is your favorite musician? What is your favorite song or pieceof music by this person? Share your answers with a partner.

Example:

A : I rea l l y l i , ke . . .B: What's (her/his) best song?A : I t h i n k i , t ' s . . .

B. Scan the reading on pages 97-98 and complete the PreviewingChart below

Title of the article:

Names of people andplaces in the article(List three more.)

9 i n g a V o r e

Key words {What words

appear several times?

List three more.)

p i a n o

Based on your chart, what do you think the article is about?

VANESSA-MAE: A 2 l sr Century Music ian

Vanessa-Mae was born in Singapore in 1977. Her mother wasChinese, and her father was from d. At the age of four, Vanessa-Mae moved to London, England with her mother and stepfather.

As a young child, Vanessa-Mae was already a talentedr musician. Shetook her first piano lesson when she was three years old and her firstviolin lesson when she was five.

Developing Skills

in Beijing. She was the youngest student the Conservatory had ever

t talented very good; with great ability

. 9 7

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

accepted. She also took lessons at the famous Ro College of Musicin London. The director of the college described Vanessa-Mae as "a truechild prodig;r2- Iike Moz and Mendelssohn."

When Vanessa-Mae was just eight years old, she had to make a bigdecision. She was equally gifteds at both the violin and the piano,but she had to concentrate on just one instrument. Although shehad just won a prize at a famous piano competition, Vanessa-Maechose the violin.

At the age of nine, Vanessa-Mae went to Germany to take violinclasses for advanced students. The best students were usuallychosen to be a part of the recitalsa just once or twice. Vanessa-Maewas chosen four times. These were her first performances in front ofan audience.

By the time she was ten years old, Vanessa-Mae had studied theviolin at some of the best schools in the world. She made her firstprofessional appearance in 1987 with the Philharmonic Orchestrain London.

Vanessa-Mae often played Mozart concertos. A concerto is a pieceof music written for one or more solo instruments accompanied bysan orchestra.

AccomplishmentsBy the time she was twelve, Vanessa-Mae had played with

orchestras all over the world as a soloist. She had also released6 threeclassical recordings.

Although she loved classical music, Vanessa-Mae wanted toexperiment with other kinds of music. At fourteen, she began tocombine the traditional sound of her acousticT violin with the soundsmade from her new electric violin. She called this music "techno-acoustic fusion." Vanessa-Mae loved the music that the two types ofviolins made together. Her first album with techno-acoustic fusionmusic was called The Violin Player. It was an instant success andsold in over twenty countries. It was even a hit on the best-sellingmusic charts.

No longer just a classical musician, Vanessa-Mae was asked toperform at international rock concerts. At a concert in Switzerland,

2 prodigy genius; person with great ability3 gifrted talenteda recitals performances by music or dance students5 accompanied by along with; together with6 released made available for sale7 acoustic a musical instrument that is not electronic

Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Mae: A27't Cenhny Musician98

the audience of 50,000 people gave her a twenty-minute ovation.s Thecrowd did not want her to stop playtng.

45 Vanessa-Mae has sometimes been criticized for not just playingclassical music. However, she feels it is important to introduce violinmusic to a new audience. "If, as a result [of my music], people see theviolin as a fresh, up-to-datee instrument, that's fine with me."

Understandi the t

A. Sequence of events. Number these events in Vanessa-Mae3 lifefrom first ( l ) to last (7).

She moved from Singapore to London with her motherand stepfather.

She went to Germany to take advanced violin classes.

She made her first professional appearance.

She was born in Singapore.

She decided to concentrate on the violin instead of the piano.

She studied music in China.

She started playrng "techno-acoustic fusion" music.

B. Inferencing. What can you infer from the statements below? Circlethe best answer.

l. Vanessa-Mae studied music at the Central Conservatory of Chinain Beijing. She was the youngest student the Conservatory hadever accepted. You can infer from this that -.

a. the Conservatory only accepts young students.

b. the Conservatory was the only school that accepted Vanessa-Mae.

c. Vanessa-Mae was very talented when she was young.

2. At a concert in Switzerland, 50,000 people gave Vanessa-Mae atwenty-minute ovation. You can infer from this that

a. The audience loved her music.

b. The audience didn't like her music.

c. Her music was very unusual.

8 ovation cheeringbythe audiencee up-to-date contemporary; modern

1

. 9 9

3. By the time she was twelve, Vanessa-Mae had played with orchestrasall over the world. You can infer from this that

a. Vanessa-Mae traveled a lot before she was twelve.

b. Vanessa-Mae could speak many different languages when shewas young.

c. Vanessa-Mae never played solo before she was twelve.

C. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow

| . How would you describe Vanessa-Mae? Make five sentences usingwords from columns A and B.

Example: I think Vanessa-Mae is successful because sheusorks uery hard.

I t h i n k

Vanessa-

Mae is

because

Do you

Did you

Who

What

When

?

?

Where

she experiments with different kinds of music.she has lived in many countries.

she has made several recordings.

she started playing music when she was very young.

she works very hard.

she was equally gifted at the piano and violin.

she is beautiful.

2. If you could interview Vanessa-Mae, what questions would youask her? Write your ideas.

Examplesz Do youfeelneruous uhen you perforrn i,nfront ofan aud,ience?How long did you study i,n Chi,na?

a .

b .

c .

d .

e.

f.

interesting

unusual

creative

talented

successful

smart

IOO Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Mae: A21"t Century Musici,an

g. whv

h. How

Reading Skill

Deal ing w l th un fami l ia r wordsWhen you are reading a paragraph in English, many of the wordsmay be unfamiliar. However, stopping to look up every word in adictionary can make it more difficult to understand the paragraph.Instead, try to get the general meaning of the paragraph from thewords you already know. Then use context to guess the meaningof other important words.

A. Answer these questions with information from the paragraphsbelow. Do not write the missing words in the paragraph.

l. Where was Midori born?

2. What instrument did her mother play?

3. Where did Midori's mother take her when she was a babv?

in Osaka, Japan. Her father was an and

her mother was a violinist. Midori's

mother, Setsu Goto, that "almost from

she was " to be a musician."

When she went to the concert hall to , Midori's

mother took her baby daughter . Midori often

practiced on . One day, when Midori was

music that her mother had two days before.

B. Do you need to understand every word in a reading? Why orwhy not?

. l O l

cabula

Understanding suf f ixesSuffixes come at the end of words. They help you know if a wordis a noun, verb, or adjective. For example, many adjectives endwith these suffixes:

Sample a{iectivesportableprofitable

famouscautious

helpfulharmful

heartlessfriendless

Suffix-abIe

-ous

-fuI

-less

Meaningcan be carriedcan make a profit

having famehaving caution

full of helpfull of harm

without heartwithout friends

A. Underline the suffix in each word. Then tell what you think eachword means.

l. countable

2. washable

can be counted

readable

dangerous

spacious

fearful

sorrowful

Ioveless

fearless

I O. hopeless

Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 173.

3 .

4.

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

8 .

lO2 Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Mae: A21"t Century Musici,an

Focus

Showing a contrast wi thThe words although and euen though show a contrast between twoideas in a sentence or an unexpected result.

Exampleo Although Vanessa-Mae

won aprize at apianocompetition, she choseto study the violin.

. She experiments with ---+

different kinds of musicalthough she lovesclassical music.

r She was in a violin classfor advanced studentseven though she wasonly nine years old.

MeaningShe won apize at apianocompetition; however, shechose to continue studyingthe violin.

She loves classical music;however, she experimentswith different kinds ofmusic.

She was only nine years old;however, she was in aviolinclass for advanced students.

A. Circle the word in parentheses that best completes each sentence.

| . Although he selected a book that looked easy, he (could/couldn't)read it.

2. He (is/isn't) Iosing weight even though he eats a lot every day.

3. Although I selected a school with few Japanese students, there(were/weren't) two in each class.

4. Although she went without sleep for 24 hours, she (was/wasn't)able to think clearly.

5. He (could/couldn't) get a job in the airplane industry although heknew how to fly a plane.

6. Although she usually looks forward to playing the piano, she(wants/doesn't want) to practice today.

7. Millions of people (arelaren't) using cell phones even though theymight be harmful.

Complete these sentences with your own ideas.

| . Although she felt tired,

B .

2. Although he took piano lessons for many years,

. l O 3

3. Although we lcrow that smoking is harmful,

4. Although he mispronounced many words,

5. He went outside even though

6. She felt tired even though

7. Susan did poorly on the test even though

8. Even though Linda studied French for five yea.rs,

9. Although I like to eat fish,

| 0. Although he's only eight years old,

Discussion & it ing

A. Follow the instructions below to write a timeline for one of yourclassmates.

Step l: List five or more important events in your life.

Example: cut my foot and uent to the hospital::.t my brother uas borvt

started schoolstarted ballet lessons

Step 2: Exchange lists with a classmate. Ask questions to findout when each event happened.

Example: A: When did you cut yourfoot?B: When I uas three.A: What year uas that?B: 1988.

I O4 ChWter 10 . Vuinpssa-Ma,e: A 21e Century Musician

Step 3: Use your classmate3 answers to make a timeline abouthis or her life.

Example:

1988 1990 1991

She cut herfoot andwent to the hospital.

Her brother u;as born.

She started balletlessons.

B.

c.

Collect 6 to B facts about someone famous. Use the information tomake a biographical t imeline of thrs person.

Find someone who answers y€S to the first question in Box 1 and 2below. Then ask the follow-up questions to get more details.

Example: A: Do you play a musical instrament?B: Yes, I d,o.A: What instyument do you plag?B: I pIaE the guitar.

Do you play a musical instrument? Have you ever been to a concert?

What instrument do you play?

A:

B:

A:

B;

A:

B :

Have you ever performed in frontof an audience?

Was it a good concert?

Share what you learned with your classmates.

Example: Mei plays the piano. Slue likes to Ttlay jazz.

A:

B:

A:

B:

A:

Where was the concert?

What kind of music do youlike to play?

What kind of music was it?

A:

B:

B :

A:

B:

. l O 5

lO6 Chapter 10 . Vanessa-Map: A21't Centrny Musici,an

Nuclear power provides 16% of the world'selectricity. There are more than 400 nuclear

power plants in operation in the world today.

It's better to be sa,fe

than sony.

-American saying

C T :Nuclear power

Writing margin notes

B Y :Learning word forms

Using averb + that clause

. l O 7

A. What forms of energy are used where you live? Check (/) youranswers.

n coal nn o i l nn nuclearpower n

B. Scan the reading on pages 108-l 09 and complete the "PreviewingChart" below.

Title of the article:

Names of places in

the article

(List three more.)

J a ? a n

solar (sun) powerwind power

Key words (What words

appear several times?

List three more.)

r a d i a t i o n

Based on your chart, what do you think the article is about?

HOW SAFE IS NUCTEAR POWER?

On September 30, 1999, there was an accident at a nuclear plant inTokaimura, Japan. On that day, three plant employees accidentallypoured too much uranium into a tank,l which led to a leak ofradiation.2 At least 90 people were exposed tos high radiation. Oneworker died.

Other countries have had similar accidents. There was a close callaat a nuclear plant at Three Mile Isl d in the United States. OnMarch 28, L979, there was a reactor meltdown at this plant. A reactor

I tank large metal container2 leak of radiation dangerous nuclear material going into the air3 were exposed to had contact witha a close call a dangerous situation that could have been worse

lO8 Chapter 11 o Hout Safe Is Nuclear Power?

Passa e

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

meltdown happens when the fuel inside areactor melts.s Unless immediate safetymeasures6 are taken, a meltdown can leadto radiation leaking into the atmosphere.T

Probably the most famous nuclearaccident occurred at a plant in Chernobyl,in the former Soviet Union. Theaccident happened on April 26, 1986,when things went terribly wrongs duringan experiment. This caused a meltdownso serious that the top of a reactorexploded into the slcy. Radiation leakedinto the atmosphere for more than a week.Wind carried some of the radioactivepollution over large parts of Europe. Many deaths and birth defectsthroughout Europe have resulted from this horrible event.

The idea of using nuclear power as a form of energy grew out of

Nuclear power was first used to make electricity on December 20,1951. By the 1960s, nuclear energy was becoming cheap to produce,and utility companieslo were building plenty of plants. However, inthe 1970s, there were concerns about the possibilities of nucleardisasters and environmental problems. Then, those concerns caJnetruell with the tragedy at Chernobyl and the near-disaster at ThreeMiIe Island.

Today, supporters of nuclear energy say it is a necessary source ofpower. This is especially true in countries like Japan, which dependson nuclear energy for about 35o/o of. its power. Obviously, taking awaythat source of energy could badly hurb the economy. Also, whileminor accidents sometimes happen at nuclear plants, most arecontained without deaths or serious injuries.

For now, nuclear energy is probably not going away. Citizensshould demand that government agencies have very strict safetymeasures for nuclear power plants. At the same time, we must findother safer and cheaper sources of energy.

5 melts changes from a solid to a liquid6 safety measures actions to make something safe7 atmosphere air around our earth8 things went terribly wrong very bad things happenede weapons research work to develop military equipment for war10 utility companies companies that provide gas, electricity, or waterlr come true happen; become real

Reactor core and cooling pool

in a nuclear power plant

. l09

Understanding the xt

A. True or False? Read the sentences and check (uz)

l. The main idea of this reading is that nuclearenergy is a safe source of power.

March 28,1979

True or False.

Tirue Falsen n

2. The accident at a nuclear plant in Tokaimura, nJapan occurred because workers forgot to puturanium into a tank.

3. A reactor meltdown occurs when the fuel l-linside a nuclear reactor melts.

4. A meltdown is dangerous because radiation ncan leak into the atmosphere.

5. As a result of the accident at Chernobyl, people nin the area were exposed to small amounts ofradiation.

6. The pronoun il in line 34 refers to today. n7. The words taking auaA in line 36 mean n

remouing.

8. You can infer from lines 25-28 that nuclear npower was not used to generate electricity inthe 1940s.

Work with your classmates to correct the false statements.

B. What happened at the places below? Look for information onpages l0B-109 to complete the chart.

n

n

n

n

nn

n

Three Mile lsfand

country: a nuclear reactor

Chernobyf

Country: a nuclear accident,' the top of a

nuclear reactor

Tokaimura

Country:

Compare charts with your classmates.

| | O Chapter 11 . How Safe Is Nuclear Power?

a radiation

C. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow.

| . What are the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power?Make a charb like this on apiece of paper. Add these ideas to it.' @

o radiation might leak into the atmosphereo people might be exposed to radiationo radioactive pollution can cause birth defectso serious nuclear accidents are rare

I t , p r o d u c e e c h e a p e l e c L r i c i | y

A:B:

Compare ideas with a classmate.

One advantage of using nuclear power is that . . .I agree. But one disadvantage is that. . .

What is your opinion? Check (uz) " l think" or "I don't think." Thenfinish the sentence with a reason.

Example:

I think I dont think

2.

Jryl

because

I thinktr

because

I thinktr

n nuclear power is dangerous

radiation misht leak into the atmosphere.

I don't thinkn nuclear power is dangerous

b.don't think

n we should stop using nuclear

power because

I think I don't thinkc. n n nuclear power will be more popular

in the future because

Compare your ideas with a partner.

. l l l

Readi skiil

Wri t ing margin notesAs you read, try writing your thoughts and reactions in the maxgin.Your margin notes might be questions, phrases, single words, orsymbols. Writing margin notes can help you read more carefullyand actively.

Example:

For now, nuclear energy isprobably not going away. Citizensshould demand that governmentagencies have very strict safetymeasures for nuclear power plants.At the same time, we must find othersafer and cheaper sources of energy.

How dodo thie?

*

Agree.

Write margin notes as you read the paragraph below Use two ofthe phrases or symbols in the box below.

Sampfe margin notes

PhrasesInteresting.Very interesting.I don't understand.Important.I agree.I disagree.

Symbols!! !?*

X

We all breathe the air that surrounds earth. The airis made up mainly of gases: around 78% nitrogen,2[o/ooxygen, and, Lo/o carbon dioxide, other gases, and watervapor. Human beings breathe more than six quarbs(5.7 liters) of air every minute. Because air is so basicto life, it is very important to keep the air clean byreducing or preventing air pollution.

-The World Almanac

Compare your notes with a partner.

I 12 Chapter 11 . How Safe Is Nuclear Pouer?

cabula

Learning word formsWhen you learn a new word, it's useful to learn other forms of thesame word. You can find these forms in a dictionary. For example,ifyou know the verb react, you can use a dictionary to find thenoun forms reaction and reactor

A. Complete the chart below by adding the missing noun form(s).Then check your ideas by looking in a dictionary.

Complete each question withpartner your questions.

l . Areyoua s

2. Why is air p

3. Is nuclear r

What do you use e

Have you ever had a serious i

6. What was oneat Chernobyl?

rbs

react

radiate

pollute

result

research

electrify

contain

support

injure

inspect

a noun from Activity A. Then ask a

of nuclear power?

a problem in the world today?

dangerous?

?

of the nuclear meltdown

Nouns

reaction, reactor].

2.oD .

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

B.

4 .

5 .

for?

Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 174.

c.

. l l 3

Language Focus

U s i n g a v e r b + c l a u s eWe often use the verbs below to state an idea or opinion. It iscommon to use athat clause after these verbs.

admit believe explain know thinkagree claim feel replyargue estimate insist say

Examples:I agree that we need stricter safety measures for nuclear power plants.I think that nuclear plants need to have stricter safety measures.

You can remove the word that aft,er all of the verbs above exceptargue, erplain, or reply.

Examples:I thought that he was right. on I thought he was right.BUT

He argued that he was right. on She explained that she was Jon's mother.

A. The word that was removed from each of these sentences. Put theword that in the appropriate place in each sentence.

thatExample: Euen though people knowrtheU use too much

electri,city, they refuse to be more careful.

l. Some people say we should close down all nuclear power plants.

2. How many of you agree we need to stop using so much electricity?

3. Many people think we need to build more nuclear power plants.

4. I feel we should spend more money on new technologies that canprovide cheap and safe electricity.

5. He said he didn't have an opinion about nuclear power.

B. Complete each sentence with your own idea.

| . I think that nuclear power

2. The article in this chapter said that

3. Supporters of nuclear power agree that

4. I believe that in the future

Read each sentence to your partner. Then, read each sentenceagain without that.

Chapter 11 . How Safe Is Nuclear Power?l l 4

Discussion &

A: Pair work. How could we reduce the amount of pollutionworld? Add your suggestions to the chart below.

S u g g e s t i o n s f o r r e d u c i n g p o l l u t i o n

. use solar-powered carso limit the number of cars per family. close factories that pollute the air

a

a

Share suggestions with your classmatessentence below.

and then complete the

I think the best suggesti,on is to

What are the most serious problemsideas to the list below.

in the world today? Add two

ter"rible di,s eas es likestaruationteryorismai,r pollution

For each item on your l ist, think of something people can do tohelp solve this problem.

Example: To help end stataati,on i,n the world, people can sendnxoneA to poor countries.

the

B .

accident

atmosphere

energy

rnJUry

pollution

safety measures

reaction

source

environmental accidentally

horrible terriblv

necessary

depend on

explode

go wrong

melt

react

result from

take away

. l l 5

Chapter Love atFirst Sight

"Loue atftrst sight-

f cq,n't explain it,

but it's real and

happens qll the time."

-Taylor Stanleg,

American a,ctress (1976- )

CFalling in love

Asking yourself questions while youread

B Y :Using a learner's dictionary

Using the past continuous

| | 6 Chapter 12 ' Loue at Fi,rst Sight

A. Look at the two people on page | 16. What is their relationship?Check a box and compare answers with a classmate.

tr good friends

E brother and sister

n boyfriend and girlfriend

B. Scan the reading on pages

Title of the article:

Names of people andplaces in the article

{List three more.)

A n n e

n two people who just met

E classmates

n husband and wife

| | 7 -1 1 9 and complete the chart.

Key words (What words

appear several times?

List three more.)

l o v e

Based on your chart, what do you think the article is about?

IOVE AT FIRST SIGHT

It was loue atfirst sight.It's always exciting to hear those words. Butdo people really believe in love at first sight? We asked 40 Americansthis question-l8 men and 22 women. Thirteen people (32%o) said theybelieved in love at first sight;27 people (68%o) said they didn't.

Next, we wanted to find out who believed in love at first sight andwho didn't. We were surprised to find that both younger and olderpeople believed they could fall in love in a few short seconds. We alsoIearned that people from many different professions had love-at-first-sight experiences. These people included a scientist, an artist, adancer, and a computerprogrammer.

What was the most interesting thing we learned in our study? Moremen believed in love at first sight than women: 44o/o of the men

10

. l 1 7

15

20

25

30

35

believed in this kind of love, while only 27o/o of the women did. Here's

what some of the men and women in our survey said about love at

first sight.

Name: JohnOccupation: ArbistAge:30

"Yes, I believe in love at first sight. Ithappened to me. I was at a parLy severalyears ago when I saw Luisa. I Icrew she wasthe one for me when her eyes flashed backat me.l It was like they looked into myheart, read my life story and said, 'I likewhat I see, and want to be with you.' Thatnight at the party, I went over to Luisa andasked her to dance. She said, 'Of course, Iwas waiting for you to ask.'That was threeyears ago, and we're still together."

Name: MarkOccupation: SalesmanAge:35

"I didn't use to believe in love at first sight,but now I do. About four years ago, I wasgiving a sales presentation when thisamazingz woman walked into the room.We made eye contact3 and my heartstarted beating faster.a After mypresentation, I introduced myself, and sheand I went out for dinner the next night.We talked and talked, and by the end ofthe evening, I was truly in love with her.That feeling of love at first sight was likenothing else. In just a few seconds, I wasfilled with intense5 energy and passion.

Anne and I got married a year later."

her eyes flashed back at me she looked into my eyes with a lot ofemotion

amazing fantastic

made eye contact looked into each other's eyes

heart started beating faster heart began to move very quickly

intense verystrong

2

3

4

5

| | 8 Chapter 12 . Loue at Fi,rst Si,ght

40

45

50

55

Name: EmilyOccupation: College studentAge:23

"No, I don't believe in Iove at first sight.Love comes later in a relationship. WhenI met my boyfriend, I felt somethingtingly.u I guess you could call it puppylove,7 but it wasn't true love. It tookabout a year for true love to developbetween us."

Name: CarolOccupation: WriterAge:37

"Do I believe in love at first sight? No,not really. Love is based on trust andshared experiences and values.8 Lovetakes time to develop. You fall in Ioveslowly by talking to a special person,writing him love letters, fighting,rnaking up.e The key to love is stayrngexcited about the other person, monthafter month, yeffi after year."

Name: SarahOccupation: High school seniorAge:18

"I don't think love at first sight happensvery often, but of course it happenssometimes. It makes me happy to thinkthat it might happen to me. If I didn'tbelieve love at first sight was possible,it would be really depressing."

6 felt something tingly had feelings of excitement7 puppy love early feelings of love that are not serious8 shared experiences and values things that two people do together

and ideas they agree one making up apologizing to each other after an argument

60

. l 1 9

The authors sent an e-mail message to 75 Americans, asking themto answer some questions about love at first sight. Forty peopleresponded. The youngest person who answered the questions was 15,and the oldest person was 62. Many of the people who respondedwere students; others were teachers, lawyers, and other professionals.

Understandi the xt

A. Multiple choice. For each item below, circle the best answer.

l. This reading is primarily about

a. the difference between love and friendship

b. falling in love at first sight

c. how true love develops

2. The following statement is true about the people in the study:

a. 320/o of the men and women don't believe in love at first sight.

b. 560/o of the men believe in love at first sight.

c. 27o/o of the women believe in love at first sight.

3. We know for certain that John and Luisa

a. are married

b. met three years ago

c. are going to get married

4. The following people believe in love at first sight

a. John. Mark. and Sarah

b. Mark, Emily, and Sarah

c. John. Mark. and Carol

l2O Chapter 12 . Loue at Fi,rst Si,ght

5 .

6 .

7 .

You can infer that:

a. Emily has had a love-at-first-sight experience.

b. Anne is in love with Mark.

c. John, Emily, and Carol are very good friends.

In line 60 of the reading passage, the word depressing means:

a. impressive

b. exciting

c. sad

The author's purpose in writing this article was to

a. show that only young people believe in love at first sight

b. report on an informal study about Iove at first sight

c. report on a serious, scientific study about love at first sight

J o h n ar t ieN 7 n

Mark,

Yee

Emily,

Carol

Sarah,

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow

l. In the reading, five people give their opinions about love at flrstsight. Look at the reading and complete this chart.

2. What can you conclude from the information in the char[ above?Check (uD one or more of the boxes below.

n Both of the men believe in love at first sight.

n Al of the women believe in love at first sight.

n The three people in their 30's believe in love at first sight.

n The people who have experienced Iove at first sight believeit's real.

. l 2 l

3. Which statement describes your reaction to the reading. Check(uz) one or more statements or write your own.

tr I think this study was interesting.

n This study was not scientific, so it was not interesting to me.

E I was surprised that more men believed in love at first sightthan women.

n I would like to see a similar study of 40 people from mycountry.

Reading Skilt

Ask ing yoursel f quest ions whi le you readAs you read, it helps to stop and ask yourself questions to checkyour comprehension. Here are some questions you can askyourself while you are reading:

. Do I understand this?

Do I know what this word means?

What information do I remember?

Do I need to read this again?

tr

a

a

A. Reread the first paragraph of the article on pageask and answer these questions:

117 and then

1

2 .

3 .

Do I understand the information in this paragraphT

Do I know what the phrase "love at first sight" means?

Do I need to read this aqain?

B. Reread the second paragraph on page | 17 and ask and answerthese questions:

l. Do I understand the information in this paragraph?

2. Do I know what a "love-at-first-sight experience" is7

3. What information do I remember from this paragraph?

122 Chapter 12 . LoueatFi,rstsi.ght

C. Now reread the third paragraph on page 117-l I B. Ask yourselfthree questions of your own. Share your questions with a partner.

Buildi cabufary

Using a learner3 d ic t ionaryYou can get a lot of useful information from a dictionary forEnglish language learners. Here are some things you can find:

. sample sentences to help you understand new words

information to help you pronounce words

the meaning of idioms

A. Read these statements and check (uz) True or False. Then use thedictionary entry below and on page I 24 to check your answers.

True False

N I

n nT N

T T

love noun I a very strong feeling of affection forsomebody/something: a.It was loue atJirst sight. b. I don't thinkshe's manryi,ng hi,mfor loae! c. his loue for hi,s country | Theopposite is hate or hatred. 2 [sing] a strong feeling of interest inor enjoyment of something: a loue of aduenture 3 a thing in whichyou are very interested: ComTtuters are the loue of hi's li'fe thesedays. 4 a person who is loved: Of course, my loue. 5 (used intennis) a score of zero: "71-loue," called the untpi're. 6 (informal) away of ending a letter to a friend or a member of your family: Iolsof loueJrom us all, Deni,se.

| . The wordloue can be a noun or a verb.

2. The opposite of loueishate.

3. In tennis, the word loae means one.

4. The phrase to faLL i,n loue is an idiom.

. 123

IDIoM be in love (with somebody) to have a strong feeling ofaffection and attraction (for somebody): T'hey're uery much in loue(wi,th each other).ruovt fall in love (ruith somebody) to start to feel a strongaffection and attraction for somebody: They fell i,n loue and uteremarT ied usi,thi,n two months.

love aerb I to have a strong feeling of affection for somebody/something: a. "Do you loue him?" "Yes, DerE much." b. It's wonderfulto be loued,.2 to love very much or to enjoy: a. I loue summertime!Mg father loues to li,sten to music. c. "Would you like to come?" "I'dIoue to." The cat just loues i,t u;hen you pet her Nght here.

B. ldentify the word love in each sentence below as a noun or verb.Then write the number of the dictionary definition from Activity A.

Noun Verb Definition #

|. I'd love to see you again sometime. tr d

2. Comelivewithmeandbemylove. n n

I love you more than I can say.

I've lost my love for car racing.

Blond is the color of mv truelove's hair.

The score is 30-Iove.

C. Choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 174.

Focus

Using the past cont inuousForm: was/were + present participleMeaning: The past continuous shows that an activity was ongoing orcontinued over a period of time in the past.

Example:

She said, "I was waiting for you to ask."

I was grving a presentation when this amazing woman walked inthe room.

3 .

4 .

5 .

t r nt r t rt r t r

trtr6 .

124 Chapter 12 . LoaeatFirstsight

A. Circle the simple past or past continuous verb in parentheses thatbest completes each sentence.

| . I was at aparly several years ago when I (met / was meeting) Luisa.

2. My wife and I met when we (studied / were studying) at BostonUniversity.

3, The chair (broke / was breaking) when I sat down on it.

4. The police stopped him because he (drove / was driving) very fast.

5. No one (called / was calling) while you were out of the office.

6. She (traveled / was traveling) to the Philippines three times last year.

Discussion &.

A. Group work. What do you think these quotes mean? For eachquote, write a short explanation in the chart below. Then compareideas with the other groups in your class.

QuoteLove is a great beautifier.Louisa Mag Alcott (1832-1888),

Ameri,can u,tri,ter

ExplanationLoue makes a, person more beautiful.When you are in loue you are happy.When you are happy, you look better.

Love makes the world go round.French Proaerb

Love is blind.WClliam Shakespeare ( I 5 64- 1 6 1 6),English playuright ond poet

Love conquersll all things.Virsil (70-19 B.C.),Romonpoet

B. Group work. ln a group of four to six people, discuss one of thequestions below.. Do you think it's possible to fall in love at first sight?. Do you think love makes a person more beautiful?. Do you think love makes the world go round?. Do you think love conquers all things?

" conquers wlns over

. 125

Now follow the steps below.

Step l. Ask each person in your group to answer the questionyou chose and record their answers below. Then addyour own answer.

Question:

Classmates' Names Yes No

Step 2. Count the number of people who answered ycs. Thenreport your group3 answers to the class.

Example: Four people belieue i,n loue atfirst sight.Tfuso people don't beli,eae in loue at first sight.

Step 3. Listen to the other groups' reports. Do your classmates'answers surprise you? Why or why not?

eye contact

profession

(love at first) sight

survey

be based on

fall (in love)

get married

include

make up

amaztng

depressing

intense

126 Chapter 12 . Loue at First Sight

A group blind date in Seoul, Korea

All work dnd no pIdA

mcukes Jack a d,ulll boy.

-American saying

C T :A university student's life

Using context clues

B Y :Understanding two-word verbs

Expressing cause and effect withso + noun/adjective + that

I dull not interesting; boring

. 1 2 7

A. How likely is it2 for a university freshman to do each activity below?Check (/) your answers. Compare ideas with a classmate.

nnnn

B. Scan the reading on pages 129-130 and complete the chart.

Title of the article:

a. get up early

b. skip a class

c. always do homework

d. go to a club room

rnnn

I

nnn

nnnn

Names of people andpfaces in the article(List three more.)

9 e o u l , K o r e a

Key words (What word

appears several timesT

List three more.)

c l a o s

2 How likely is it

128 Chapter 13

I think the reading is about

How probable is it; How common is it

. A DaA i,n the Life of a Freshman

10

15

20

25

A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A FRESHMAN

by Chang Jae-Hyuk

Chang Jae-Hyuk usrote thi,s story uhen he uas a uniuersity

Iiue in antd around Seoul.

Wednesday

7:00 a.m.: I get up about seven o'clock in the morning. Since myfriends and I have a group blind dates with students from a women'suniversity tonight, I take extra time to look my best. My mom calls meto eat brealdast, but I don't think I can. It's already 7:30 and I don'twant to be late for my 9:00 class. It takes me about an hour and a halfto get to my university, so I hurry out.

8:00-9:00 a.m.: I take the bus to the subway station. There are somany people in the bus that I can't breathe. There is so much trafficthat the bus can only crawl along.a Finally, the bus arrives at thesubway station. Unforbunately, there are a lot of people on the train andthe air is stuffy. We finally arrive at Shinchon station and my universityis now about a ten-minute walk away. I nur to my philosophy class so Iwon't be late again. I have already missed this class four times.

9:00-11:00 a.m.: Thank goodness, I'm safe. The professor comesin just after me.5 But now I'm so tired from running that I can'tconcentrate. Then the person next to me asks what the homework is forour English class. That's right, there was English homework, but I forgotto do it! So I spend philosophy class doing my English homework.

English class is next. It seems like English is one big mountain thatwe all have to get over in our university days. If we want to get adecent job, we have to be really good in English.

11:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.: Aftertwo classes it's now 11:00, and I decideto go to my club room. Our club members spend their free timehanging out in that room. I chit chat6 with my friends for a while andthen go to one of our school cafeterias for lunch.

3 a group blind date a date the writer and his friends have with a groupof girls they don't lctow

a crawl along move forward slowly5 just after me a very short time after me6 chit chat talk casually about unimportant things

. 129

30

35

40

2:00-5:30 p.m.: Now it's 2:00 and I have one more class at 3:00. Myfriends and I decide not to go to our 3:00 class. I shouldn't do this, butwe don't want to hurry to the women's university a.fter class. Instead,we go to play some billiards until it's time to go.

5:30-10:30 p.m.: It's 5:30 in a co e shop in front of theuniversity. AII four of us are excited and wonderingT what the girls willbe like. About ten minutes later, four girls come in. Then the awkwardtime begins. We ask some questions and so do they. I find my dreamgirl sitting in the corner, but I don't have the gutss to speak to her.Afber twenty minutes, it's time to choose our partners. We decide, atthe count of three,e to point at the partner we would like to have. If aboy and a girl axe pointing at each other, they become partners. One,two, three! My dream girl is also pointing at me!

I spend the evening with my partner having a wonderful time. Rightbefore we part, I ask for her phone number. If she gives me her number,that means she also likes me. And she does! I get home about 10:30. I'mvery tired but really happy hoping that things go well with her.

After You Read

the xt

A. Whats the reason? What reason does the author give for each ofthe statements below? Circle the best answer.

| . In the story the author doesn't eat breakfast becausea. he's not htrngry

b. he's late for class

2. He says it's hard to breathe on the bus becausea. there are a lot of people on the busb. the bus moves very slowly

c. he had to mn to the bus station

3. He can't concentrate in his philosophy class becausea. he missed four classes

b. he is very tired

c. he gotto class safely

7 wondering thinking about8 the guts the couragee at the count ofthree aftersaying 1,2,3

| 30 Chapter 13 . A Dag in the Li,Je of a Fresh,man

c. he doesn't want to be late for class

He doesn't go to his 3 o'clock class becausea. he wants to have lunch in the cafeteriab. he doesn't want to hurry to his group datec. he didn't do his homework

5. It's uncomfortable at the beginning of the group date because

a. the girls are late

b. the boys and girls don't know each otherc. the boys and girls are good friends

B. Making inferences. Read the statements and check

| . You can infer that the author doesn't enjoy hisdaily trip to school.

2. You can infer that the author listened closelyto his philosophy teacher.

3. You can infer that the author thinks it isimportant to study English.

4. You can infer that the author is a serious student.

4.

(/)True or False.

True Fafse

T N

n

tr

n

tr

n

n

C. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow.

|. How would you describe the university freshman on pages129-130? Make five sentences with words from columns A and B.

Example: I think he i,s shy because he doesn't haue the guts tospeak to the girls.

I th ink

he is

shy

friendly

cool

foolish

disorganized

funny

because

he

skips classes.

is often late to class.

doesn't listen in class.

does his homework in class.spends time with his friends.knows how to play billiards.

doesn't have the guts to speak to the girls.

. l 3 l

2. The author of the article on pages I29-I30 says, "If we want to geta decent job, we have to be really good in English." What reasonsmight he give for this? Add two reasons to the list below.

Engli,sh is necessary for getting a job because

.. Oou mi,ght haue to send, an e-mail nxessage in Engli,sh

Reading Skifl

Using context c luesYou can often guess the general meaning of a difficult word bylooking at the context-the other words in the sentence or nearbysentences. In the examples below, the underlined words help youguess the meaning of the boldfaced words.

Examples:The bus can only crawl along because there is a lot of traffic.The air is stuffy because the windows are closed.I can't concentrate on what the professor is saying because I'mso tired from running to class.

A. Use context to guess the missing words. Circle the correct letter.

| . Several people because it was so cold yesterday.

a. didn't wear coats

b. felt good

c. got sick

2. I feel like I - because there are so many people in the roomand the windows are closed.

a. can't breathe

b. can't hear

c. can't see

3. I ran to my class because I didn't want to be _ again.

a. early

b. late

c. on time

132 Chapter 13 . A DaA i,n the Life of a Freshman

4. The ground was - because it rained aII night.

a. wet

b .d ry

c. flat

5. I couldn't - his face because it was so dark.

a. feel

b. hear

c, see

B. Use context to guess the general meaning of the boldfaced words.

| . Several people fainted because it was so hot in the room.

a. lost consciousness

b. were happy

c. hadfun

I feel like I am suffocating because there are so many people inthe room.

a. arn able to breathe

b. am not able to breathe

c. arn able to relax

I ran to my class because I didn't want to be tardy again.

a. early

b. late

c. on time

The ground was soggy because it rained all night.

a . d r y

b. hot

c. wet

I couldn't make out his face because it was so dark.

a. hear

b. feel

c. see

2 .

3 .

4.

5 .

. 1 3 3

Buil

Understanding two-word verbsSome verbs have two words. For example,put off,look after, andlook up are called two-word verbs.

The meaning of a two-word verb is different from the meaning ofeach word separately.

Examples:r Our club members spend their free time hanging out in that

room. (hanging out = relaring)

r You should say goodbye before hanging up the telephone.(hanging up = putting the telephone daun)

r HanS on for a minute while I look for my glasses.(hang on = wait)

o I can't hang out the clothes because it's raining.(hang out - Ttut utet clothes outd,oors to d,ry)

A. Read the sentences below and use context to guess the meaningof the boldfaced two-word verbs.

l. I hear your brother is starting up a new business. Are you goingto work for him?

a. creating

b. losing

c. selling

2. My English teacher usually starts off class by telling a furury story.

a. misses

b. begins

c. creates

3. She walked outside, started up her motorcycle, and left.

a. turned on

b. turned off

c. turnedup

B. Choose six words from the reading thatyou want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 175.

| 34 Chapter 13 o A DaU i,n the Li,fe of a Freshman

Focus

Expressing cause and effect with + nounladjective+ thatA cause and effect statement tells why something happens. We oftenuse "so + noun/adjective + that" in a cause and effect statement. Inthe examples below, the cause is boldfaced and the effect isunderlined.

. There are so many people on the bus that I can't breathe.(I can't breathe because there are so nxanA people on the bus.)

. There is so much traffic thatthe bus can only crawl along.(The bus can only crau:L along because there is so much traffic.)

. I'm so tired that I can't concentrate.(I can't concentrate because I am uery ti,red.)

A. Rewrite these sentences with so + noun/adjective + that.

Example: I had to put my coat on because it was so cold inside.

It uas so cold inside that I had to put my coat on.

| . It's hard to work because it's so hot.

2. I carr't sleep because I drank so much coffee.

3. I can't take a vacation because I have so much work to do.

4. He fell asleep in class because he was so tired.

5. I was late to class because there was so much traffic.

B. Complete these sentences with a possible effect.

| . I'm so tired that I

2. Iate so much yesterday that I

3. He has so much money that he

4. It's so hot today that

. 1 3 5

Discussion & iti

A. What do you do with friendssometimes, rarely, or never.

after work or school? Check (/) otten,Add one idea of your own to the list.

nn

nn

hang out at schoolwith friends

hang out at a friendshouse

hang out in a coffeeshop

play bill iards

go shopping withfriends

go to the movieswith friends

study with friends

go on a group bl inddate

nn

ntr-lU

nn

trn

B. What are the three best ways to find a boyfriend or girlfriend?Check (/) your answers. Add one idea of your own to the list.

tr go on a blind date (you and your date only)

tr go on a group blind date

E answer a personal ad

! placeapersonalad

tr join a club or group

tr ask a friend to introduce you to someone

n talk in an Internet chat room

n hang out at a coffee shop

nCompare your answers with a partner.

!

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

T

trT

n

n

n

n

nI

n

nnnn

136 Chapter 13 . A DaU i,n the Life of a Freshman

C. Write about a typical day in your life. Answer these questions inyour writing:

. When do you get up on a typical day?

. How do you get to school or work?

o Is your trip relaxing or stressful?

What are three interesting things you do during the day?

When, where, and what do you eat on a typical day?

Example:

On atvoiaal dav. l aet up at '723O a,m,l t 'ake a ehower,

ae-t Areased- and have breakfaol,lhen. I walkto lhe

) aubwav and ,

a

a

cafeteria

(go on a )date

partner

subway station

traffic

(a ten-minute) walk

breathe

go (well)

hang out

hurry

look my best

miss (a class)

point at

take time

shy

foolish

dul l

stressful

tardy

. 137

A beach on Lan Yu (Orchid Island), Taiwan, R.O.C.

There's no place

like home.

-English erpressi,on

C T :T?avel destinations

Reading words in chunks

Using context to know if a word is anoun or verb

Understan ding - i,ng claus es

138 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Vi,sit

Choose one photograph on page l3B, 140 or 141.Tell a partnerthree things you see.

Example:

In the picture on page 140, I see a lot oJ people,a lot of food,, and some tables with botnls of noodles.

Scan the reading on pages 139-141 and complete the chart.

Title of the articfe:

A.

B.

Names of peopfe andplaces in the article

(List three more.)

T a i w a n

Key words (What words

appear several times?

List three more.)

m a r k e l

I think the reading is about

GREAT PTACES TO VISIT

Each monfla, National Geogr hic Magazine osks an editorfrom one of its internati,onal editi,ons to ansuter the question,'I[rhat are the best places to visit in your area of the world?"Yung Sltih Lee, the ed,itor o/ National Geographic Taiwan,thinks the sights below are sorne of the best places to ui,si,t inTai,utan. Would, you like to ui,sit these places?

Passage

. 139

1 0

15

20

25

30

35

Shih-lin Night Market"This market is the center

of Taiwanese nightlife on thenorth side of ipei. It's verydifferent from the morningmarkets where people shopfor food to cook at home. Atthe Shih-Iin Night Market,people show upl to havea snack or drink, buy afew things, and just hang around.zLife really begins around 6 p.m. andcan go on until three in the morning. On weekends the market is openeven later."

Taroko Gorges"The word taroko means "beautiful"

in the language of the Atayal peopleand that's exactly what the TarokoGorge is. Visitors can take a train or a3O-minute flight from Taipei to visitthis natural wonder.a A l2-mile (19-kilometer) bus tour takes passengersthrough the gorge, making stops forriders to walk through man-madetunnelss or erqioy the scenic views."

Lan Yu (Orchid Island)"This small island about

40 miles (60 kilometers)southeast of Taiwan ishome to the native Yamipeople. It is one of thefew places in Taiwanwhere the traditions ofnative people are still wellpreserved. Tourists canstay in island hotels or

I showup arriveataplace2 hang around stay in one place without doing anything3 gorge a deep, narrow opening between two mountainsa natural wonder something in nature that you admire5 tunnels holes throuqh mountains for cars or trains

| 40 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Vi,sit

Yami women dancins on Lan Yu

arrange to stay in a Yami family's home. Lan Yu is also home to many40 speciesG found nowhere else in the world. Its beautiful coral reefsT

are also great for scuba diving."

The National Palace Museum"When the Chinese Nationalists lost the civil wars in the late

1940s, they went to Taiwan, taking the imperial treasurese with them.

These treasures are now housed at the National Palace Museum in

45 Taipei. It's the best collection of Chinese artifactsl0 in the world. So if

visitors want to know more about the cultural heritageil of China,

this is the place to go. However, it takes a few days to see the museum

at a leisurely pace."12

6 species types of plants and animals7 coral reefs lines of colorful rocks found in the sea8 civil war a war between two groups in one countrye imperial treasures valuable things that belonged to the empire

L0 artifacts things that are interesting because of their historyli cultural heritage traditions and achievementsrz at a leisurely pace without hurrying

. l 4 l

Understandi the xt

A. Multiple choice. For each item below, circle the best answer.

l. This reading is primarily about

a. beautiful places to visit in one city

b. good places to visit in Taiwan

c. good places to visit around the world

2. The author's purpose in writing this article was to

a. give useful information about interesting places in Taiwan

b. tell an interesting story

c. help people understand the history of Taiwan

3. You can infer that the National Palace Museum is

a. small

b. large

c. new

You can infer that Lan Yu (Orchid Island)

a. has a lot of natural beauty

b. is a crowded place

c. is a modern place

In line 5 of the reading passage, the word sights means

a. ability to see

b. views

c. places

In line 17, the words go on mean

a. continue

b. leave

c. get on

4.

5 .

6 .

| 42 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Vi,sit

7. In line 33, the pronoun zf refers to -.

a. Yami people

b. Taiwan

c. Lan Yu (Orchid Island)

B. Consider the issues. Work with a partner to answer the questionsbelow.

| . Use the information in the reading and pictures on pages 140-l4I tocomplete the chart below. Then compare charts with a classmate.

a

a

a

a

You can see a lot of people.

You can see lots of Chinese artifacts.The National Palace Museum

Lan Yu {Orchid lsland)

Taroko Gorge

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

2. Use your notes from the activity above to answer these questions.

a. Which of these places would be interesting to a young child?whv?

b. Which place would help foreigners understand life in Taiwantoday? Why?

c. Which place would be the most interesting to you? Why?

Shih-lin Night Market . You can have a snack or drink

. 1 4 3

Reading Skiff

Reading words in chunksWe don't usually read a sentence word by word. Instead, we readwords in "chunks," or groups. Reading words in chunks makes iteasier to understand the ideas in a sentence.

Example:

. Reading word by word: It's / aery / di,ffirent /from / the / . .

. Reading in chunks: It's uery differentfrom / the morningmarkets / uhere people shop for food, /to cook at home.

Here are some common chunks of words:

article + adjective + noun:the motning markets; the cultural heritage;the imperial treasures

dependent clauses:where peoTtle shopforfood; that euerybody likes

infinitive + noun:to cookfood; to make a mistakeprepositional phrases:at a lei,surely pace; in a restaurant

verb + adverb:are now housed; Ieft qui,etly

Read aloud each pair of sentences one chunk at a t ime. Check (uz)the sentence that sounds more natural to you.

n la. When the / Chinese Nationalists moved to / Taiwan, they /took the imperial / treasures with them.

d tn. When the Chinese Nationalists / moved to Taiwan, /they took the imperial treasures / with them.

2a. Visitors can take a train / or a 30-minute flight/from Taipei / to visit this natural wonder.

2b. Visitors can / take a train or a 3O-minute /flight from Taipei to /visit this natural wonder.

A.

n

tr

| 44 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Visit

n 3a. Life really begins / around six p.m. / and can go on /until three in the morning.

n 3b. Life really begins around six / p.m. and can go on until /three in the morning.

B. Read aloud the paragraphs below. Where do you pause or take abreath? Mark each chunk of words with a slash (/). Use the firstparagraph as an example. More than one answer is possible.

Each month,Alational Geographic Magazine asks aneditor/ from one of its international editions/to answer thequestion,/ What are the best places to aisit/i,n Aour area oJ theuorld?/Yungshih Lee, /the editor of National GeographicTbiwan,/thinks the sights belodare some of the best placesto visiVin Taiwan. Would you like/to visit these places?

Shih-lin Night Market"This market is the center of Taiwanese nightlife on the

north side of Taipei. It's very different from the morningmarkets where people shop for food to cook at home. At theShih-tin Night Market, people show up to have a snack ordrink, buy a few things, and just hang around. Life reallybegins around six p.m. and can go on until three in themorning. On weekends the market is open even later."

The National Palace Museum"When the Chinese Nationalists lost the civil war in the

Iate 1940s, they went to Taiwan, taking the imperial treasureswith them. These treasures are now housed at the NationalPalace Museum in Taipei. It's the best collection of Chineseartifacts in the world. So if visitors want to larow more aboutthe cultural heritage of China, this is the place to go. However,it takes a few days to see the museum at a leisurely pace.

Compare your ideas with a partner.

. 1 4 5

Buildin cabufa

Using contex t to know i f a word is a noun or verbMany nouns and verbs in English have the same form.For example, the wordhouse canbe both anoun and averb. Youmust use context to lcrow if the word is a noun orverb.

Example:

r They decided to house the imperial treasures at the NationalPalace Museum. ("HoLLse" is a uerb.)

. Would you prefer to live in a house or an apartment?("HoLLSe" is a noun.)

Here are some other words that you can use as a noun or a verb:cook shope-mail sleepplace steamrequest

treasurevisitwalk

ln each question, is the word in italics a noun or a verb? Circlenoun or verb.

| . Which of your possessions do you treasttre the most? (noun / verb)

2 . What shouldn't you pln ce on yow desk during a test? (noun / verb)

3. Where would yott house ten students visiting from anothercountry? (noun/verb)

4. Did you make any stoTts on your way to class today? (noun / verb)

5. How often do you go for autalk? (noun/verb)

6. Do you think it's important to get enough sl,eep? (noun/verb)

7 . Do you lcrow how to steom fish? (noun /verb)

8. Where do you sh,op for clothes? (noun /verb)

9. What do you lanow how to cook? (noun/verb)

| 0. Wonldyou ratherlive inahouse or an apartment? (noun/verb)

Pair work. Ask a partner the questions in Activity A.

choose six words from the reading that you want to remember.Add them to your vocabulary log on page 175.

A.

B.

c.

| 46 Chapter 14 . Qreat Places to Vi,sit

e Focus

Unders tand ing c lausesWriters use -ing clauses to help readers form a mental picture ofsomething. These clauses are conunon in descriptive writing. Theyare not common in spoken English. In each sentence below, theboldfaced words form an -ing clatse.

Examples:

. A bus tour takes passengers through the gorge, making stopsfor riders to walk through the tunnels.

. When the Chinese Nationalists lost the civil war, they went toTaiwan, taking the imperial treasures with them.

A. Choose the -ing clause that best completes each sentence. Writethe number of the sentence.

Sentences1. The plane crashed,

2. The nuclear reactor exploded,

3. The girls and boys sataround the table,

4. He came to the meeting,

5. She went to the concert haII,

6. The fans cheered,

-ing claruse_ looking at each other.

- taking her daughter with her.

1 killing the pilot and flight engineer.

_ yelling "Charge!"

_ wearing his best suit.

_ leaking radiation into theatmosphere.

B. Rewrite each sentence, using an -ing clause.

| . We stood inside the room we built, and we felt a sense of fulfillment.

Example: We stood insid,e the room ue bui'lt, Jeeli'ng a sense of

fulfillment.

2. He stayed up all night, and watched TV.

3. She answered her mobile phone, and held her hand over her mouth.

. 1 4 7

A. Think of an example for each type of place belowbe anywhere in the world.

l . a natural wonder

Example:

the Grand Canvon the United States

2. a man-made wonder

3. a museum

4. a market

Share ideas with your classmates.

Example:

The Grand Canyon i,n the United States i,s an erample of anatural wonder

B. Choose a town or city in your country. ldentify three good placesto visit there.

TOWN OR CITY:

Exampfe: San Francisco r ride a bike

Golden Gate Park o rollerskate

1 .

r p tcnlc

. rent a boat

a

a

3 .

| 48 Chapter 14 . Great Places to Visit

C. Write a short description about the places you chose.

Example:

Great ?laaee toVisit in )an Franciaco

There are manv areat ee to vieit in )an Francieco.

)ne of mv favorite places ia Golden Oat.e Zark. You can ride

a b i k e . . . ,

collection

heritage

island

marKet

museum

(at a leisurely) pace

passengers

sights

specres

treasures

VICW

{a natural) wonder

go on

have (a snack)

lose (a warf

make {a stop)

show up

hang around

natural

man-made

cultural

- l + 9

Chapter

High school High school students in the United States are generallyL4-L8 years old. AII students in the United States must go to schooluntil they are 16 years old. Here is a chart with more informationabout American high school students:

Sophomore t5 -16

Junior l 6 - 1 7

Senior t 7 - 1 8

Street sign Street signs teII people the names of streets they are on.In the United States and many countries around the world, you findstreet signs on street corners in most cities and towns. Street signshelp police officers and ambulance drivers find people's houses whenthere are emergencies.

Football In most countries,lfootball is a game in which trvo teams ofplayers kick a round, white ball into a goal. Americans, however, callthis game Eoccer, not football.InAmeri,canfootball,two teams ofplayers throw, run, and kick a brown ball back and forth. FamousAmerican football teams include the Dallas Cowboys, the SanFrancisco 49ers, and the New York Giants.

Freshman l + -15

. l 5 l

L

t:

J JWan, is an island nation in northeast Asia. The capital ofJapan is Tokyo. About 25 million people live in and around the city.The population of Japan is about 127 million. Japan has the secondlargest economy in the world after the United States. People fromJapan arc calledJaptoirlese, and the language they speak is also calledJapanese.

London Lond,on is the capital of the United Kingdom, an island nationin the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom includes England,Scotland, Wales, and Northern lreland. About seven million peoplelive in London.

Potatoes br England, the United States, and other Western countries,many people eat potatoes with dinner every night. French fries,baked, potatoes, andmash,ed, Ttotatoes are the most populax potatodishes in the United States. People eat potatoes with meat, chicken,and fish.

P Irr England and other countries,pzbs are casualplaces to eat,drink, and talk to friends. A favorite pub meal isfish and, chiTts. This isa meal of fried fish and potatoes that many people e4ioy with beer. Inthe United States, pubs are not common. ManyAmerican adults meettheir friends for drinks at abar, and then go to a restaurant for dirurer.

152 . Culture and Language Notes

Internet With the Internet, you can find information on any topic. TheInternet has thousands of Web sifes containing information aboutcomparries, otgarizations, and people. If you want information aboutTaiwanese food, for example, youWpe the words "Taiwanese food"into a search engineltke Yahoo!The search engine shows you manyWeb sites with information on Taiwanese food. Whenyou click oneach of these Web sites, you can read and learn about Taiwanese food.

Massachusetts Institute of chnology The Massanhu,settsInstitute of Technology is often called "MIT." It is located inCambridge, Massachusetts, near Boston. MIT is one of the best andmost famous universities in the world for students interested inscience, engineering, and technology. There are about 10,000students at MIT.

. 1 5 3

Chapter

India Indi,a is located in southern Asia between Pakistan and Burma.India's coastline along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal is 7000kilometers long. More than one billion people live in India. Thecapital of India is New Delhi, which has apopulation of ten millionpeople. Many Indian people speak English because India was once aBritish colony. Hindi, however, is the national language.

C KFC is a popular fast food restaurant in North America, Asia,and other parts of the world. Many people think KFC serves deliciousfried,chicken. The original narne of KFC was Kentucky FNed,Chi,cken. Kentucky is a state in the eastern part of the United States.

154 . Cultrne and Language Notes

English-speaking country An English-speaking country is acountry in which many or most people speak English. English is theolficial language, or one of the official languages, in an English-speaking country. Canada, England, Australia, and the United Statesare all English-speaking countries.

Canada Canada is the very large country north of the United States inNorbh America. Thirty-one million people live there. The capital ofCanada is Ottawa, and the largest cities are Toronto, Montreal, andVancouver. The official Ianguages of Canada are English and French.

lunteer work When you do uolunteer work, you help other people,but you don't get paid. Many people do volunteer work in schools,hospitals, and museums. For example, volunteers read books to sickpeople in hospitals or help teachers in a classroom.

urist center At touri,st centers, you can find maps and otherinformation about places you axe visiting. Most Iarge cities aroundthe world have tourist centers that provide tourist information inmany languages.

Night club Anight club is a place where people go at night to meetfriends, have drinks, and dance. Night clubs have a dance floor, whilebars don't. Other names for night clubs are clubs or di,scos. You mustbe 21 years old to go to most night clubs in the United States. TWenty-one is the legal drinking age in the United States. In Canada, the legaldrinking age is 18 years old in some parts of the country and 19 inother par[s.

Bartender Abartend,er is the man or woman who stands behind the barand serves drinks at a night club, restaurant, or bar.

Quarters Aquarter is a CanadianorAmerican coin with avalue of25 cents. There are 100 cents in adollar ($1.00). Here are the namesand values of the four commonCanadian and American coins:

I c e n t { S . 0 1 )

5 cents {S.05)

I O cenrs {5. t O1

25 cents {S .2S1

. 1 5 5

Health professionals Health professionals are people who work inthe medical field. Doctors, nu,rses) dentists, andpsychologists are allhealth professionals.

Negative publicity A company getsnegatiue publi,ci,ty whensomething bad happens to its products, services, or employees. Forexample, a restaurant can get negative publicity if someone gets sickafter eating there.

many different towns and cities to sell his company's products orservices. Salesman refers to aman who sells things, whilesaleswomane refers to awomatn who works in sales. In the UnitedStates and other countries, the term salesperson is ofben used. Asalesperson can be a man or a woman who sells things.

Radiation Radiation happens when one object sends heat or energyto another object. Heat radi,ationfromthe sun, for example, is heatsent from the sun to the earth. A cell phone sends mi,crousaueradiation from the phone into the brain of the person talking on it.Many studies have shown that this radiation may be dangerous forthe brain.

rning label A warning label is a small piece of paper on theoutside of a product. This label tells people that the product may bedangerous. In many countries, there are warning labels on packagesof cigarettes. The warning label on cigarettes sold in the UnitedStates says: "WARNING: Cigarette smoking is dangerous to yourhealth."

| 56 . Culture and Language Notes

Everglades The Euerglades Nati,onal Parkis a large area in southernFlorida, near Miami. Much of this area is covered by water. TheEverglades looks like a forest because a lot of trees are growingthere, but these trees are growing out of the water. People can takeboat rides through the Everglades to see the beautiful trees, plants,and pink birds called flami,ngos.

First-class section Many planes have two sections - afirst-cl,asssecti,on and an econoTnA secti,on. First-class passengers enjoy betterfood and service than economy passengers. The first-class sectionalso has larger seats and more space for your legs. Larger planesoften have three sections: first-class, bus'iness, and economy. Thebusiness section is more expensive than economy, but cheaper thartfirst-class.

Flight attendant F'l,ight attend,ants are responsible for your safetyon aplane. They also serve food and drinks.Thetermfli,ghtattendant is used for men and women. Here are some of theminimum qualifications to be a flight attendant with United Airlines,one of the largest American airlines. You must:

. have aneat, conservative, professional appearancer be at least 19 years old. have a high school diplomao not be taller than 6'2" (1.83 meters)

Safety tests Cars, planes, and ma.ny other products must pass safetytestsbefore they are sold. Safety tests help companies see if productsare safe for people to use. Companies want to make sure people willnot be injured by their products.

. 157

Chapter ::l

Volunteer Auolunteer is someone who helps other people, butdoesn't get paid. According to an American study called Giui,ng andVolunteering in the United, States,56% of Americans did volunteerwork in 1999. The Japan Broadcasting Corporation reports that26o/oof Japanese people did volunteer work in 1998.

Philippines The Phi,Ii,ppi,nes is an island nation in southeast Asia.(Note: English speakers caII this country thePhilippines.) Manila isthe capital city. The population of the Philippines is 83 million, and83% of the people are Roman Catholic. People from the Philippinesare called Fi,Iipinos. The country has two official languages: Filipinoand English.

Nishinomiya, J an Nishi,nomiya City is Iocated in thesoutheastern part of Hyogo Prefecture in Japan between Kobe andOsaka. About 450,000 people live in Nishinomiya. This city is famousfor producing Pure Nada Sake. Sake is a popular Japanese drink.

Negros Island, Philippines Negros Island is located in the southernpart of the Philippines. About one million people live on the island.Negros Island is near Cebu, the famous island resort. Agriculture isthe main activity of the people on Negros Island. They grow sugar,corn. coconut. and rice.

158 . Culture and Language Notes

Foreign baseball players Foreign baseball players are playerswho are citizens of one country, but play baseball in anothercountry. For example, an American playrng baseball in Japan is aforeign baseball player.

Venezuela Venezuela is a large country in South America. It is locatedon the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean next to Colombia.The capital of Venezuela is Caracas. TWenty-four million people livein Venezuela and the official language is Spanish. Baseball is verypopular in Venezuela.

iwan Taiu;an, R.O.C. (Republic of China) is an island state locatedoff the coast of southeastern China. The population of Taiwan isabout 23 million. Taipei is the capital of Taiwan and is located on thenorthern part of the island. People from Taiwan are calledTaiwanese. Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Taiwan.

Hot dogs Hot dogs are waxm red sausages that Americans eat atbaseball, football, and other games. People usually eat hot dogs in apiece of white bread called aroll Many people ptfiketchuTt,mustard,, and oni,ons on their hot dogs.

Popcorn Popcorn is a snack that marry Americans eqjoy at professionalsports events, at the movies, and many other places. Popcorn is whiteand light. Some people put butter and salt on their popcorn.

Dominican Republic T}rre Dominican ReTtubli,c islocated on an islandin the Caribbean Sea. (Note: English speakers call this cowftry th,eDominican Republic.) Santo Domingo is the country's capital. About8.5 million people live in the Dominican Republic. People from thiscountry are calledDominicans, and Spanish is the offlcial language.

Merengue Merengue is averypopular Dominican dance. The manand woman dance close together. They move their hips from left toright. Merengue music is very fast and happy.Whenyou hear it, youwant to dance.

. 159

Chapter

Singapore Singapore is a small island nation next to Malaysia inSoutheast Asia. About 4.5 million people live in Singapore. Peoplefrom Singapore are called Singaporeans. Chinese and English are theofficial languages.

Thailand Thai,land is a Iarge country in southeast Asia. The countryborders Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and Malaysia. About 62 millionpeople live in Thailand. The capital of the country is Bangkok. Peoplefrom Thailand are called Thai.Their language is also called Thai.

Central Conservatory of China The Central Conseraatory ofChi,na is one of the most famous schools for studying music in China.

Royal College of Music Musicians from all over the world study atthe Royal CoIIege of Musi,c in London, England. Young musicians,aged 8-18, study in the Junior Department at the college.

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) is one of the mostimportant composers of classical music. Mozarl was born inSalzburg, Austria. He is called a chi,ld prodi,gy becatse he composedbeautiful music and was a great piano player when he was only sixyears old.

Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) was also achi.ld,prodi,gy and a great composer. Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg,Germany. Like Mozarb, Mendelssohn was an excellent composer andpiano player when he was a young boy.

Germany GennanE is Europe's richest country. With 83 millionpeople, Germany has the largest population of all of the Europeancountries. Germany borders nine countries, including France andPoland. The capital of Germany is Berlin. People from Germany axecalled Ger"mans, and their language is called German, too.

Music charts People look at musi,c charts every week to see whichsongs are the most popular. These charts are often called Top 20charts because they list the twenty most popular songs for the pastweek. You can find Top 20 charts in magazines, newspapers, and onWeb sites. In the United States, the most popular Top 20 chart ispublished every week by Billboard Billboard has Top 20 charbs formany kinds of music including pop, country electronic, and rap.

| 6O . Culture and Language Notes

Chapter

Three Mile Island There is a famous nuclear plant at Three MileIsland, in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania is near New York on the eastcoast of the United States. Most Americans were afraid when theyfirst heard about the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in 1979.Since the accident, Americans have discussed the safety of nuclearpower a lot. Nuclear power is still used in the United States.However, no nuclear power plants have been built in the UnitedStates since the Three MiIe Island accident in 1979.

The Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formed in 1917 aftertheRussian Revolution. It was a very large country between northernEurope and China. (Note: English speakers call this former countrythe Soiet Union. ) Nowadays, the former Soui,et Union includesmany different countries, for example, Russia, Latvia, andUzbekistan.

War II. World War II was fought between 1939 and 1945. In this war,England, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countriesdefeated Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Chapter

(None for this Chapter)

. l 6 l

Seoul, Korea Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea. About 10.3million people live in Seoul, one of the biggest cities in Asia. Seoul isthe largest city in Korea, a country with a population of 47 million.People around the world learned a lot about Seoul when the 1988Summer Olympic Games were played in that city.

Thank goodness Many English speakers use the expression Thankgood,ness. They use this expression to say they feel happy, lucky, orrelieved. For example, if there is a car accident and no one is hurt,people say, "Thank goodness! No one was hurt."

Club members Students at schools and universities throughout theworld join clubs. Clubs are groups of people who share the sameinterests. For example, students who like to study French can join aFrench club. The students in a club are called club members.

Billiards Billiard,s is a game played on a table with hard, round balls.(Note: The word billiards is always used with a singular verb:Billi,ards is fun.) There are several forms of billiards games includingpool and, snookers.In each of these games, you use a cue - or a longstick - to hit one ball against another ball. The goal is to send all ofyour balls into holes on the sides and corners of the table. Billiardswas originally played in Europe more than 500 years ago, but it isnow popular all over the world.

Coffee shop Acoffee shop is a casual and inexpensive place to getcoffee and a snack or a meal. Coffee shops are popular places atwhich students all over the world hang out. On many Americanuniversity carnpuses, you can find coffie shoTts, snack bars, ice creamshops, and./or fast food restaurants like McDonald's or KFC.

| 62 . Culture and Language Notes

Chapter

National Geographic Magazine The National Geographi,c Society is

the world's largest non-proflt organization for science and education.Every month, this society publishes amagazine with beautifulphotographs and articles about people, animals, and interestingplaces from all over the world. National Geographic is published inmany different languages, including Chinese, Korean, and Japanese.

ipei Taipei is the capital of Taiwan, Republic of China, an island off

the coast of southeastern China. About six million people live in andaround Taipei. From the city, you can see mountains to the north, inYangmingshan National Park. Taipei is a busy and exciting cityIcnown for its friendly people and excellent food.

ayal The Atayal people live in northern Taiwan. They are one of thenine tribes or groups of people who have lived on the island ofTaiwan for hundreds of years. Many Atayal people live inside theTaroko National Park, about 40 miles (64 kilometers) from Taipei.

The men are good hunters and the women are excellent weavers.

Yami "Ihe Yami, people have lived on Lan Yu (Orchid Island) forthousands of years. The people still live very traditionally with nocars, banks, or other signs of modern life. The Yami men wear silverhelmets on their heads. The men with the largest helmets are therichest men in the group. The Yami people also build beautifi-tlwooden boats. It often takes three years to build these boats becausethey have so much beautiful design and decoration.

Chinese Nationalists In the late 1940s, there was a civil war in Chinabetween two groups: the Communists and the Nationalisfs. ChiangKai-Shek (1887-1975) was the leader of the Nationalists. WhenChiang and the Nationalists lost the war in China, they were forced toIeave. They went to Taiwan, where Chiang became the leader. He ledTaiwan from 1949 until his death in 1975.

. 163

164 . Mws

East sia

. 1 6 5

North erica

Gulf of Mexico

PACIFIC OCEAN

0 200 400 miles#0 200 400 klometers

166 . Mws

- 167

Present(be) arn/is/arebringbuycomecutdodrinkdriveeatflyfallfeelgetgivegogrowhavehearkeepIosemakemeetputquitreadriderunseesellsetsitsleepspeakspendtaketeachtellthinkweaxwrite

Pastwas, werebroughtboughtcatnecutdiddrankdroveateflewfeIIfeltgotgavewentgrewhadheardkeptlostmademetputquitreadroderansawsoldsetsatsleptspokespenttooktaughttoldthoughtworewrote

Past ParticiplebeenbroughtboughtcomecutdonedrunkdriveneatenflownfallenfeltgottengivengonegrownhadheardkeptIostmademetputquitreadriddenrunseensoldsetsatsleptspokenspenttakentaughttoldthoughtwornwritten

| 68 . Irregular Verbs

Chapter ;.

New word in context My example

Example: Some sci,entists think that sleepl I thi,nk taking o walk helps reli,eue stress.helps the bodg to relieue stress.

I

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3

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6

Chapter

New word in context My example

Example: Their warm welcome mad,e I I d,on'tfeel at ease when I'm taking a test.me feel at ea,se.

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6

. 1 6 9

New word in context My example

My example

Chapter

New word in context

Example: It seemed,likelA that computers I It seems li,kelE that we'llJi,nish this book.u:ould, replace books.

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6

Example: to sauemoneu onfood I I need,to sauemonegformg tri,pt.

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l7O . VocabularyLog

New word in context My example

Example: I nracticed speaking English. I I need to practice giuing speeches.

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Chapter

New word in context My example

Example: Phone companies are wovvied I I sometimes worry about mnking a nistakc.about the negati,ue pub\i,city.

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- 1 7 l

New word in context My example

Example: The man ignored, the flight I I don't like it uhen people ignore me.attendant.

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Chapter

New word in context My example

Example: The people helped us appreciatel I appreciate what I haoe.the nxore ualuable things in life.

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172 . Vocabulatry Log

New word in context

Chapter

New word in context

My example

My example

Example: The behaui,or of baseball fans I My teacher hns neuer critici.zed. myis uery differentJrom counfu | behaaior in clnss.to countT'!/.

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Example: She had, to concentrate on just I I need, to concsntrate an getiirq a jtb-one instmtme:nt.

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Chapter

New word in context

Chapter

New word in context

My example

My example

Example: Three emploEees accidentallv I I accidentally d,ropped, my telephone.poured, too much ura,niuminto a tank.

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Example: We mad,e eAe contact and my I I d,on't like to make eAe conta,ct lDi,thheart began to beal lasler. I strangers.

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174 . Vocabulary Log

Chapter

New word in context

Chapter

New word in context

My example

My example

Example: My unioersity is rnw about I Mg schnol i,s aJine-mi,nute utolkfrom thea ten-m'inute walk away. I subwag-

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Example: At the Shih-lin Night Market,people show upt to haue a snackor a d,rink.

I like to haae a snach before I go to bd,-

4

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Ch ter 1blurrydangerouseffects (of)experimentfind outgo withouthave (trouble)imaginenormalpass (a test)reasonablerecover (from)spend (time)stress

Chapter 2

advicealonedeliciousdo (research)get used tohave (a party)impressionsmiddle-classrcalizereasonablereplyselectworry abouttreat (someone) like

Ch ter 3

anumber ofappeaxcheapercomfortablecomputersconvenientelectronicentirelyexpertsinstantly

176 . Vocabulotry Inder

(the) InternetinventionslikelyperTnanentpresspreviewreplacesimilar (to)technology

Chapter 4

businesspersoncompanydreamearnend upfail to(work) hardhopeimpressimpress'improvejoblose (money)managerownprofitprofitables (money)start outsucceedsuccesssuccessfulsuccessfullywonder

Ch ter 5communicatedisappointedemba;rrassedexperiencehave (trouble)pronounce

respondresponsestrangelyunfortunatelyvolunteer(do) volunteer work

Chapter 6agreeamountblameconcernedconvenientcooldangerharmfulhealthmeanspopularpotentiallyradiationretiresofblysufferusewisewisely

Ch ter 7

aircraftcrashdieemptyflight attendantignoreilllandpassengerpilotremoveshockedspotstrictusualvanish

Ch ter 8appreciatebe involved incare about(a) close (relationship)fulfillmentgenerouslygrow upincompletekeep (in touch)lifestylemake (a difference)messageofferorganizationrelationshipsenseuncomforbableunhealthyvaluablevolunteer

Ch ter 9behaviorboringcatch up onchat withcheercommonfanIoudruIesscrealntraditionyell

Chapter l0

advancedaudiencecombinecompetitionconcentrate oncreativedecisiondescribe

. 1 7 7

8i;qi

i;;i,

directorexperiment withgifted(an) instant (success)performtalentedwin (aprize)

Chapter 11

accidentaccidentallyatmospherecome truedepend onenergyenvironmentalexplodego wronghorribleinjurymeltnecessarypollutionreactreactionresult fromsafety measuressourcetake awayterribly

Ch ter L2

anazingbe based ondepressingeye contactfall (in love)get ma"rriedincludeintensemake upprofessionQove at first) sightsurvey

Ch ter 13

breathecafeteria(go on a) dateduIIfoolishgo (well)hang outhutrylook my bestmiss (a class)partnerpoint atshystressfulsubway stationtake timetardytraffic(aten-minute) walk

Ch ter14

collectionculturalgo onhang aroundhave (a snack)heritageislandleisurelylose (a war)make (a stop)man-mademarketmuseumnatural(at a leisurely) pacepassengersshow upspeciessightstreasuresview(a natural) wonder

178 . Vocabwlatu Ind,er

Oxford University Press

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