Lecture 3 arts & crafts + art nouveau

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau

History of Architecture-II (AP-313)

Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau

LECTURE 3

Nipesh P Narayanan

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http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egypte.html


RAPHAEL Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483 –1520)

Deposition of Christ, 1507

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POST RAPHAEL MANNERISM

Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40)

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PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD

Christ In the House of His Parents, by John Everett Millais, 1850

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INDUSTRIALIZATION

Effects

– Money

– Alienation

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RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION

William Morris (1834 –1896)

C R Ashbee (1863 –1942)

W R Lethaby (1857 - 1931)

Trained as Architects and worked towards unity in the arts.

“to re-establish a harmony between architect, designer and craftsman and to bring handcraftsmanship to the production of well-designer, affordable,

everyday objects.”

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RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION

Individual expression

Vernacular

Use of local materials

“improvement of commercial design always remained as serious a goal as the restoration of craftsmanship. Groups of leading designers

not only set up craft societies but independent commercial companies”

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SOCIAL REFORM OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

Change in Working condition

Belief in restorative power of craftsmanship

Simple life

Art as a way of life


PRINCIPLES OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

HONESTY

Design Unity

Joy in Labour

Individualism

Regionalism


WILLIAM MORRIS (1834 –1896)

Influenced by

– Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

– Writings of John Ruskin

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WILLIAM MORRIS TRELLIS

Wallpaper designer by Morris

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WILLIAM MORRIS RED HOUSE

Architect - Philip Webb

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C R ASHBEE (1863 –1942)

Influenced by

– Socialism of William Morris (Established Guild and School of Handicraft in 1888, in the slums of Whitechapel)

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C R ASHBEE GUILD AND SCHOOL OF HANDICRAFT

"seek not only to set a higher standard of craftsmanship, but at the same time, and in so doing, to protect the status of the craftsman. To this end it endeavours to steer a mean between the independence of the artist— which is individualistic and often parasitical— and the trade-shop, where the workman is bound to purely commercial and antiquated traditions, and has, as a rule, neither stake in the business nor any interest beyond his weekly wage"


C R ASHBEE MAHOGANY VENEERED ETAGÈRE

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C R ASHBEE SILVER MOUNTED DECANTER

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W R LETHABY (1857 - 1931)

Influenced by

– His Father, craftsman and lay preacher

– Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings

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W R LETHABY BUILDING AT COLMORE ROW

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PHILIP WEBB (1857 - 1931)

Architect of the first Arts and Crafts Building – The Red House Im

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PHILIP WEBB - STANDEN

House at West Sussex, England.

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PHILIP WEBB - STANDEN

House at West Sussex, England.

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INFLUENCE ON USA- ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE

“The idea that every country should have an architecture that reflects its own particular history, geography and climate was

central to the Arts and Crafts movement”


INFLUENCE ON USA- DAVID B GAMBLE HOUSE

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House at West Sussex, England, Designed by Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene (1908)


INFLUENCE ON USA- DAVID B GAMBLE HOUSE

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House at West Sussex, England, Designed by Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene


INFLUENCE ON USA- MILLARD HOUSE HOUSE

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F L Wright (1932)


INFLUENCE ON USA- MILLARD HOUSE HOUSE

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F L Wright (1923)


INFLUENCE ON USA- WAINWRIGHT BUILDING

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Architect – Louis Sullivan (1890-91)



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ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT & ART NOUVEAU

Rough Timeline

Arts and Crafts Movement – 1860s – 1910s

Art Nouveau – 1890s-1910s


ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT & ART NOUVEAU

Principles

Imbibing all art forms

Art as a way of life


ART NOUVEAU DIFFERENT FROM ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT?


ART NOUVEAU DIFFERENT FROM ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT?

Use of New Materials

Protest against the traditional

“William Morris was the theoretician whose beliefs more than those of anyone else initiated the Art Nouveau movement”


ALFRED DE MUSSET CONFESSIONS D’UN ENFANT DU SIÉCLE (1836)

Cabinet of Curiosities (1690) by Domenico Remps

“ The apartments of the rich are cabinets of curiosities: a conglomeration of Classical Antiquity….something from every century except our own, a predicament which has arisen in no other period…. So that we seem to be subsisting on the ruins of the past, as if the end

of the world were near”

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HEYGATE MACKMURDO (1851 – 1941) TITLE PAGE (1883)

“ Mackmurdo’D first graphic expression of Art Nouveau is generally accepted as his title page for Wren’s City Churches, published by G Allen in 1883”

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HEYGATE MACKMURDO (1851 – 1941) CHAIR (1883)

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MAISON DE L'ART NOUVEAU

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Opened on 1895, Paris


CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH (1868 –1928 )

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Glasgow School of Art (1897)



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Glasgow School of Art (1897)



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The Lighthouse, Glasgow (1895)



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The Lighthouse, Glasgow (1895)



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Mackintosh Chair


ANTONI GAUDÍ (1852 –1926 )

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Sagrada Família (1883)



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Sagrada Família (1883)


LOUIS SULLIVAN (1856 –1924 )

Wainwright building(1890)

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Wainwright building(1890)

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VICTOR HORTA (1861 –1947 )

Tassel House (1893)

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Tassel House (1893)

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Tassel House (1893)

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Casa Milà (1907)



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Casa Milà (1907)



Merchants' National Bank (1914)

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Merchants' National Bank (1914)

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PETER BEHRENS (1868 –1940 )

AEG Turbine Factory (1908)

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JOSEF HOFFMANN (1870 –1956 )

Kubus armchair(1910)

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REFERENCE

Cumming, Elizabeth and Kaplan, Wendy. 1991. The Arts and Crafts Movement. London : Thames and Hudson, 1991. ISBN 0-500-20248-6.

Watkin, David. 1996. A history of Western Architecture. London : Laurence King, 1996. ISBN 1856690822.

Duncan, Alastair. 1999. Art Nouveau. London : Thames and Hudson, 1999. ISBN 0-500-20273-7.

Education

Lecture 3 arts & crafts + art nouveau