BELLWORKProperties of matter

Property- a quality or attribute

Make a list of properties used to describe matter.

Ex. Color, texture …

Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.

– An extensive property depends on the amount of matter in a sample.

– An intensive property depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter.

Describing Matter

– Extensive properties depend on amount.

• The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.

• The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

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The big ball has more mass and volume than the little ball.

Describing Matter

Intensive Properties

The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.

2.1Describing Matter

Is flammability an extensive or intensive property?

Identifying Substances

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.

A substance is pure.

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Identifying Substances

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties.

Example- Every sample of pure water is a clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature. It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC.

These properties are intensive because they do not depend on how big the sample is.

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Identifying Substances

• A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

• Hardness, color, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

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Identifying Substances

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States of Matter

Three states of matter are

solid, liquid, and gas.

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A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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States of Matter

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape (it flows) but a definite volume.

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States of Matter

A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

The gas state is the only state of matter that is compressible.

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States of Matter

• Vapor describes a gas that is usually a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

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States of Matter

States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a shape and a fixed volume!

Liquid- particles are very close but can move around each other. Takes the shape of its container, but has a fixed volume.Gas- particles are far apart and moving fast. Has no fixed shape or volume.

 

Substances go from solid to liquid to gas as energy increases.

Physical Changes

• During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

• As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

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Homework

Read section 2.1

Complete section 2.1 review