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Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005
Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
TheoreticalFoundations
Chapter 1
Teaching and Learning with TechnologyThird Edition
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Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005
Educational Technology
• Educational technology is any technology that is used to support teaching and learning
• The NCATE (National Council for Teacher Education) standards articulate the professional preparation requirements for all teachers
Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
Allyn and Bacon 2005
Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005
Educational Technology and Instruction
• National standards have emerged to promote technology in education
• Educators must acquire a broad range of methods and skills to enhance teaching
• Instructional events are all teaching methods and learning experiences used to support learning
Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005
Instructional Events
Proper planning and effective use of tools and methods are key to successful teaching and learning
Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005
About Learning
• A variety of theories explain how we learn• Each theory offers a different view on how
learning occurs• Some theories contradict others• Teachers must determine best theory for
themselves
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Learning Theories
Learning as communication• Knowledge is transmitted from sender to
receiver• Receiver returns feedback to sender• Sender receives feedback and makes
adjustments if necessary• Variables may alter intended meaning
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Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Allyn and Bacon 2008Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005
Learning Theories
Learning as Communication
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Learning Theories
FactorsAffectingLearning
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Learning Theories
Environmental factors• Any factor that may cause messages to be
distorted or blocked• Includes obvious factors like noise or
improper lighting• Also includes less obvious distractions
like room temperature
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Psychological factors• Individual differences that define and
impact communicated information• Emotional state may interfere with message
reception• Learning styles may interfere with message
transmission
Learning Theories
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Personal filters• Individual’s values, heritage and belief
system• May include attitudes, cultural differences
and opinions• Filters are present in both sender and
receiver
Learning Theories
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Behaviorist’s perspective• Focus on behavior as a response to
external stimuli• Learning occurs as a response to rewards
and punishments• Learning is a passive response to the
environment• Key theorists are Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
Learning Theories
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Cognitivist’s perspective• Focus on learning as a mental operation• Learning is explained by how one thinks• Believe learning is more complex than
behaviorist view• Key theorists are Bruner, Ausubel and
early works of Piaget
Learning Theories
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Constructivist’s perspective• Knowledge is constructed as a result of the
learning process – Children construct mental map as they encounter
information (Piaget)
• Learning occurs when knowledge is assimilated (fitted into existing map) or accommodated (existing map are adjusted)
(Piaget)• This view can be either individualistic (Gagné) or
group oriented (Vygotsky and Bandura)
Learning Theories
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VIEW OF THE LEARNER
• Characteristics that might have an impact on learning– Cognitive style– Learning style– Intelligence
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Cognitive styles• Manner in which one thinks and interprets
the environment• Myers-Briggs instrument helps determine
cognitive preferences• Understanding cognitive styles helps
teachers create supportive environments
Learning Theories
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Learning Theories
Myers-BriggsCognitive Types
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Learning styles• Conditions under which one learns best• Relates to individual sensory dominance• Auditory learners learn best by listening• Visual learners learn best by seeing• Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing
Learning Theories
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The Learner
Intelligence• Inherent capabilities to learn and
understand• Stanford-Binet tests (IQ Test) emphasize
logical/mathematical and verbal abilities• Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple
intelligences emphasizes other capabilities
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• Verbal-Linguistic• Mathematical-Logical• Musical• Visual-Spatial
• Bodily-Kinesthetic • Interpersonal• Intrapersonal• Naturalistic• Existential
Multiple Intelligences
The Learner
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Multiple Intelligences
The Learner
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Multiple Intelingences
• Linguistics – verbal skills/talents related to sound, meaning & ryhthms
• Logical-mathematical – conceptual & logical thinking
• Musical – talents/abilities related to sound, rhythm & pitch
• Spatial – skill in thinking in pictures & visioning abstract
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Multiple Intelingences
• Bodily-kinesthetic – skill in controlling body movements
• Interpersonal – responsive to others• Intrapersonal – high-degree of self
awareness & insight• Naturalistic – skills in recognizing,
categorizing & interacting with natural world• Existential – ability to consider & deal with
questions of human existence Allyn and Bacon 2005
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• Teaching is a systematic, planned sequence of events – A process that communicates ideas,
concepts, skills to learners• Teachers should be aware of:
– strengths and weaknesses of own teaching style
– learning theories– learning style of students
Teaching and Learning
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• Teaching, learning and technology work together for effective knowledge transfer
• Holistic “systems approach” is the key to effective instruction
• Educational technologies are selected after planning to enhance instruction
A Holistic View of Teaching, Learning, and Technology
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• Technology: a component of the teaching/learning process– Educational technology includes any
resource or process that facilitates learning
– This view of technology has evolved – It’s consistent with evolution of
learning theories
A Holistic View of Teaching, Learning, and Technology
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Educational Technology
A historical overview• Began in the early 1900s with movies• Slides, radio, sound recordings were
added in the 1920s-1930s • Television drove audiovisuals in the 1950s
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A historical overview• 1960s: audiovisuals expanded to a
broader systems view - to include programmed instructions
• 1970s: educational technology redefined and expanded to include all technologies
• 1980s: educational technology entered the digital age
Educational Technology
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Today• Holistic view
– All media and systems supporting teaching/learning
• Teachers must decide how to best utilize technology
Educational Technology