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Learning in 3rd space
Prof. II Reijo Kupiainen
(Photos and media are not included)
Third space
• The idea of third space comes from hybridity theory (Homi Bhabha)
• Originally hybridity is a cross between two separate cultures: not diversity but hybridity: two cultures meet and interact -> something new
• Cultural hybridity is a in-between place, which brings together contradictory knowledges, practices, and discourses: signs can be appropriated, translated, rehistoricized, and read anew (c.f. remixing culture)
”Third Space theory”(Pahl & Rowsell 2005, Literacy and Education)
HOME Popularculture
Multimodaltexts
SCHOOL Writing,
speaking andlisteningliteracy
Out-of-school literacies School literacies
”Third Space theory”(Pahl & Rowsell 2005, Literacy and Education)
HOME Popularculture
Multimodaltexts
SCHOOL Writing,
speaking andlisteningliteracy
THIRD SPACE Drawing and
writing using homeand school literacy
Out-of-school literacies School literacies
– Kupiainen, 2013
”I am […] interested in young people’s own media practices, what they bring to the school, how these practices change school spaces and teaching and learning, how they are utilized in schooling, and finally how media education with its own goals helps children and young people enhance their media literacy practices. ”
Home (out-of-school): informal learning School: formal learning
Interest-driven practices Curriculum-based practices
Peer-based learning Teacher-based learning
Engaging in of participants’ own accord, ”pulled” to learning
”Pushed” on learners, direct learning in particular channels
Learning goals are open-ended, depended by available
resources and personalised
Learning goals are specifiable in advance and uniform among
students
Home School
Vernacularliteracies
Institutionalliteracies
Outside the domain of power, ”in the streets”
Control over people’s literacy practices
Common in private spheres Common in public spheres
Mary Hamilton (2000), Sustainable literacies and the ecology of lifelong learning.
Third-space learning: a bridge between a ”home” and a ”school”
Home
Institution
School
Street
Physical LEPersonal (virtual) LE
Private Public
LMS: Learningmanagement system
ILE: Informallearning environment
Virtual
Physical
Integrated
Decentralised
Global
Local
Formal Informal
Spac
e
Place
Form
Structure
Source: Smeds et al. 2010, InnoSchool project
Third-space learning: a bridge between a ”home” and a ”school”
Home
Institution
School
Street
Physical LEVirtual (personal) LE
Private Public
LMS: Learningmanagement system
ILE: Informallearning environment
Rejection of binaries (1)
Home School
Rejection of binaries (1)
Home Heterotopos School
Rejection of binaries (1)
Home Heterotopos School
Michel Foucault (1967). On other spaces. http://foucault.info/documents/heteroTopia/foucault.heteroTopia.en.html
Rejection of binaries (1)
Home Heterotopos School
Michel Foucault (1967). On other spaces. http://foucault.info/documents/heteroTopia/foucault.heteroTopia.en.html
- heterotopias: places that are ambivalent and uncertain, either because they are new and as-yet unknown or
because they are impossible archaic representations of former modes of social order that have become obsolete.
(Kevin Hetherington (1997). The badlands of modernity: Heterotopia and social ordering)
Tactics and strategies
Kupiainen, R. 2013, Media and Digital Literacies in Secondary School
”Michel de Certeau (1984) called strategy the logic of closure and internal administration of institutions (Lankshear & Knobel, 2011). In his theory, de Certeau distinguished between two social forces: production and consumption. Production is controlled through those who have power, who create, maintain, and impose disciplined spaces, make timetables and procedures, and organize the life in spaces. They control through strategies, which are processes directed toward disciplining places and maintaining power (Gomez, Stone, & Hobbel, 2004). ”
”In de Certeau’s theory, tactics is an art of the weak. He illustrated this by explaining the practices of North African migrants living in Paris. According to de Certeau, these migrants insinuate into the system imposed on them “the ways of ‘dwelling’ (in house or a language) peculiar to [their] native Kabylia” (p. 30; cf. Lankshear & Knobel, 2011, p. 243). They create their own plural space to be by the “art of being in between.” ”
Media in education
• Makes the school space ”smoother” and changes social order (heterotopia)
• Enhances collaboration between peers/students
• Enhances ”collegial pedagogy”: students and teachers are needed (Soep & Chávez, 2010)
• Enhances ”social learning”, learning to be a participant (Brown & Adler, 2008)
• Enhances media education: learning about the media
Rejection of binaries (2)
”Street” Institution
Rejection of binaries (2)
”Street” Mobile Institution
Rejection of binaries (2)
”Street” Mobile Institution
Rejection of binaries (2)
”Street” Mobile Institution
http
://w
ww.
teac
htho
ught
.com
/tech
nolo
gy/1
2-pr
incip
les-o
f-mob
ile-le
arnin
g/
Content curation
Source: http://www.business2community.com/content-marketing/content-curation-tools-selection-evaluation-criteria-worth-considering-01315342#yXiFATVEPviUF3T3.97
E.g.: https://fi.pinterest.com/rkupiainen/media-education/
”Camera pen” pedagogy
• http://kaikkikuvaa.fi/edu/
• http://www.mystinenportaali.com/mediakasvatus/kamerakyna.html
Rejection of binaries (3)
Physical Virtual
Rejection of binaries (3)
Physical Augmented Virtual
Rejection of binaries (3)
Physical Augmented Virtual
QR-codes in a ”Digital Book Project”
Augmented reality
• Apps used: Explain Everything & Aurasma
• Also used: ThingLink
Rejection of binaries (4)
Private Public
Rejection of binaries (4)
Private Networked publics
Public
Rejection of binaries (4)
Private Networked publics
Public
- Networked publics are spaces that are constructed through networked technologies and collective spaces
that emerge from the intersection of people, technology, and practice (danah boyd (2011). Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Z. Papacharissi, (Ed.) A Networked self: Identity,
community, and culture on social network sites)
http://connectedlearning.tv/
Third-space learning
• Creating new learning spaces in education
• Learning in hybrid, networked, bridged (between lifeworld and schooling), dynamic, multimodal, and open time-space.
• ”Learning in the context of everyday experiences of participation in the world” (Etienne Wenger)
Problems
• ”Knowmad society” (knowledge + nomad) (Besselink, de Bree, Cobo, Hart et al., Knowmad Society
• Connected with everybody, everywhere, anytime
• Flexible workers in the new economy
• Lifelong learning = ”life imprisonment learning”
• Technological determinism
Thank you!