INDIA – SIZE AND LOCATION

Longitude and Latitude

Latitude and Longitude

Unit includes: Compass Rose Definitions of latitude and longitude Major lines of latitude Hemispheres Finding locations using latitude and

longitude

A compass rose, sometimes called a windrose, is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart or monument used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions—North, East, South and West—and their intermediate points.

Objectives

Students will be able to identify lines of latitude on a map including Equator North Pole South Pole Antarctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn.

Students will be able to identify lines of longitude on a map including Prime Meridian

Objectives

Students will be able to locate all four hemispheres including Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere

Students will be able to identify which line divides the earth into the correct hemispheres.

Students will be able to find locations on map using longitude and latitude.

Materials

Compass Rose Worksheet Globe World Map Latitude Worksheet Longitude Worksheet Different colors of yarn Scissors Matching Note cards Map of world showing latitude and longitude Globe Bingo Worksheet Skittles Student minds

Compass Rose Map Hunt Latitude and Longitude Worksheet Signing Latitude and Longitude Yarning about Latitude and Longitude Match Latitude and Longitude Major lines of latitude worksheet Globe Says…activity about major lines of

latitude Globe Bingo

Activities

Pre-Assessment

Can you… draw and label a compass rose? identify the Equator and Prime Meridian on a map? label all the major lines of latitude on a map? Identify what line of latitude divides the earth into

the Northern and Southern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?

Identify what line of longitude divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?

Compass Rose Map Hunt

Students will draw and label a compass rose. Students will discuss why a compass rose is

important. Students will locate cardinal roses on various types

of maps. Students will discuss what a compass rose is used

for and who uses a compass rose.

Latitude

Students will be introduced to latitude and longitude.

Students will complete the latitude worksheet.

Students will trace the equator in green and the other lines of latitude in blue.

Signing Latitude

Latitude: “I'm climbing the Ladder of

latitudes, latitudes, latitudes. I'm climbing the ladder of latitudes, all around the world.”

Longitude

Students will be introduced to longitude by looking at the globe.

Students will complete the lines of longitude worksheet.

Students will trace the Prime Meridian in orange and the other lines of longitude in yellow.

Signing Longitude

Longitude: “It's a LONG, LONG way from pole

to pole, pole to pole, pole to poleIt's a LONG, LONG way from pole to pole, so we call those LONGITUDES.”

“Yarning about Latitude and Longitude”

Students will participate in making a globe Four students will be in North, South, East, and

West positions Different colors of yarn will make

Lines of latitude Lines of longitude Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole

Major lines of Latitude

Students will do the Major lines of latitude worksheet.

Students will locate the major lines of latitude on the map.

Students will identify the latitude degree of each major line of latitude.

North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole

Major lines of latitude

North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole

Major lines of latitude

Globe Says…

North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole

Students will complete the worksheet on the major lines of latitude

After learning the major lines of latitude students will perform Globe says…. Body parts represent the major lines of latitude

Top of head – North Pole Ears – Arctic Circle Shoulders – Tropic of Cancer Waist – Equator Knees – Tropic of Capricorn Shins – Antarctic Circle Toes – South Pole

Globe Says

To review, students will be given a Blank Globe Bingo Worksheet.

Students will fill in the sheet before the next day’s class.

Globe Bingo

Globe Bingo

G L O B E       

       

       

       

 

  Word List  

Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole

Meridians Parallels East and West Cardinal Rose

Tropic of Cancer Antarctic Circle North and South East

Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Students should be able to: Draw and label a Compass Rose Identify the major lines of latitude and longitude on a map Correctly label all four Hemispheres on a map Find locations on a map using

latitude and longitude

Assessment

Typical Graph• This is an example of a typical graph

we are all familiar with.• The graph is made up of different

“points” with lines that connect the points.

Typical Graph• Each point has two

values:• The “X” value that

runs along the horizontal “X” axis• The “Y” value that

runs along the vertical “Y” axis

Y axis

X axis

• X value is always stated first• Followed by the Y value• The “origin” is the point where

the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0)

(0,0)

(3,8)Y

X

(9,5)

• A point can also have negative (-) values• Negative X values are to the left of the origin

(0,0)• Negative Y values are below the

originX

Y

(-X,+Y)

(+X,-Y)

(+X,+Y)

(-X,-Y)

(0,0)

East West, North South on The Earth

• Let the X axis be the Equator.• Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian

that runs through Greenwich outsideof London.• Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by

which you can locate any point onearth.

Y

X

East West, North South on the Earth

• Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.

N

S

EW

East West, North South on the Earth• The N tells us we’re

north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.• The E tells us that

we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W) (N, E)

(S, W) (S, E)

East West, North South on the Earth

• That means all points in India will have a North latitude and a East longitude because it is North of the Equator and East of the Prime Meridian.

(N, E)

Prime Meridian

East West, North South on the Earth

•What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?

Prime Meridian ?

If you said South and East , you’re right!

What is Latitude?

• Latitude is the distance from theequator along the Y axis.• All points along the equator have a

value of 0 degrees latitude.• North pole = 90°N• South pole = 90°S• Values are expressed in terms of

degrees.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Latitude?

• Each degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes.• Each minute is divided into

60 seconds.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

This is also true of longitude.

What is Latitude?

•For Example:•37°, 02’,51’’N•This is close to the latitude where you live.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Longitude?

• Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.• All points along the prime meridian

have a value of 0 degrees longitude.• The earth is divided into two parts,

orhemispheres, of east and west longitude.

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Longitude?

• The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)• 180 west and 180 east of the

prime meridian

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Latitude?

•Our latitude and longitude might be:•30°, 44’,13’’N•76°, 47’, 14’’E•Chandigarh

Y

X

90°S

90°N

So Where is (0,0)?• The origin point (0,0) is

where the equator intersects the prime meridian.• (0,0) is off the western

coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are Located

• 1. 41°N, 21°E• 2. 37°N, 76°W• 3. 72°S, 141°W• 4. 7°S, 23°W• 5. 15°N, 29°E• 6. 34°S, 151°E

A B

C D

•1. B •2. A•3. C•4. C•5. B•6. D

•See if you can find those same

latitude/longitude locations on a map!

Equator Latitude 0o

Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)

Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer

Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn

Longitude 30o East

Longitude 60o East

Longitude 30o West

Longitude 60o West

Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole

South Pole

23½o 23½o

66½o 90o

900

21st June

22nd December

22nd Sept

20th March

30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW

Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West

Prime Meridian

0o Longitude

Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)

Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

Now you’re ready to find some locations on a map!

TIME ZONESMath and Geography

in Action

Earth’s Seasons

Northern Hemisphere

1234567891011121314151617181920212223

Why so many Time Zones?

North Pole

Line

s of

Lon

gitu

de

15°

1 revolution of Earth = 365.25 days6 hours x 4 years = Leap year& we catch up

1 rotation of Earth = 24 hours

Circle = 360°

360° /24 = 15° = 1 hour

Earth rotates 15° each hour

At the equator Earth ≈ 24,900 miles= 1037.5 miles in an hour

Likened to a Number Line

ADD and hourfor each time zone as you move EAST

SUBTRACT an hour for each time zone as you move WEST

- 0 +

Your place of origin

World Time Zones

• Areas of the world on non-standard time• 2 South Pacific islands• India• Afghanistan• Nepal• Iran• Sri Lanka• Newfoundland• Central Australia• Myanmar (Burma)

Non- Standard Time

The deviation of time keeping from the standard time zone in which a place is geographically located. The usual deviation occurs in quarter hour increments, i.e. 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 45 minutes.

USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

True or False:

If EVERY part of the statement is TRUE, write T.

If ANY part of the statement is FALSE, write F.

1. The earth makes one complete rotation every 24 hours.

2. For every 15° of longitude, there is a difference of one hour in time.

3. Time zones always have straight boundaries.

4. It is 12 noon everywhere on the earth at the same time.

5. The letters a.m. stand for the 12 hours before 12 noon.

6. Post meridiem means the 12 hours after 12 noon.

7. The line of longitude at 180° is called the Prime Meridian.

8. When you travel across the International Date Line you stay in the same day.

9. When you cross the Prime Meridian, you stay in the same day.

10. It takes one hour for the earth to rotate 15°.

True or False

1. In what areas of the world do you find non-standard time?

2. You are in New York and you want to call someone in Rome, Italy, at noon Rome time. When would you call?

3. Assume that flying from New York to London requires 6 hours. When would a flight leaving New York on a Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. arrive in London?

4. You are flying from Los Angeles to Moscow. You leave Los Angeles at 10:00 a.m. on Saturday and you arrive in Moscow on Sunday at 9:00 a.m. How many hours did you actually spend flying?

5. You are planning a flight from Bombay, India, to Washington, D.C., that must connect through several cities. You will leave Bombay on August 2, at 8:00 A.M., and will continue directly through Beijing and Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. What time is it in Washington, D.C., when you begin your trip? What will be the date when you arrive in Washington, D.C.?

6. If it is 3:00 p.m. in Greenwich, what time is it in India?

7. If it is 9:00 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Washington, D.C.?

8. If it is Tuesday, 4:30 p.m. in Japan, what day and time is it in Honolulu?

9. If it is Friday, 8:15 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro what day and time is it in Beijing?

Time it! Practice

Latitude and Longitude

Lines of longitude only

Equator added Other lines of

latitude added

Cross-sections through lines of latitude

Cross-section through line of longitude

Orange cut through lines of longitude

Orange cut through lines of latitude

Draw a map of this world.

There are 4 countries: Red, Light Green, Dark Green and Purple.

Latitude and Longitude

Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

Latitude

North Pole

South Pole

Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole.

Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole.

][

90 8070

6050

40

2030

10

9080

7060

5040

2010

30

Latitude

The North Pole is at 90° N

The South Pole is at 90° S

The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south.

40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator.

40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.

Longitude Lines of longitude

begin at the Prime Meridian.

60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian.

The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west

60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian.

W E

Longitude

Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line.

PRIME MERIDIAN

West L

ongitu

de

East L

ongitu

de

180°

N

EW

S

North Pole

Prime MeridianThe Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian

Western Hemisphere

Eastern Hemisphere

Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.

• SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.

America to Asia – gain a day

Asia to America – lose a day

INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE180°

By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed

A location’s coordinates(____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

W E

S

ApplicationN

India is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. India is in the Eastern Hemisphere because it is east of the Prime Meridian.

Fractions of a Degree• 1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree• Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line• Written ----- Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction

30’ is half-way between degrees

The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours. 360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.

THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

LONGITUDE AND TIME

The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones

EAST INCREASE Time is forward to all places to the east

WEST LESS Time is backward to all places to the west

ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING

East Increase – West Less(1 hr per l5°)

If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?

If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the

position of the sunNIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH

Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.

California the sun is still visible.

This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at

night.

Saguenay

Ottawa

Sept-Iles

Mexico City

Québec

Montréal

St.John

Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.

Toronto

Detroit

Miami

Havana

Puerto RicoHouston

Dallas

It’s still daylight in California

Thunder Bay

Port-au-Prince

NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.

Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and

Madrid the sun is still visible.

Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.

We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.

INDIA – SIZE AND LOCATION

India is one of the ancient civilizations in the world. It has achieved multifaceted socio economic progress during the last five decades. It has moved forward displaying remarkable progress in the field of agriculture, industry, technology and overall economic development. India has also contributed significantly to the making of world history.

India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere.

India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere.

The main land extends between latitudes 8˚4’N and 37˚6’ N and longitudes 68˚7’ E and 97˚25’ E.

The tropic of cancer (23˚30’ N) divides the country into almost two equal parts.

To the southeast and southwest of the mainland, lie the Andaman and Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep islands in Bay of Bengal and

Arabian Sea respectively.

Location Latitudes: 8 degree 4’ N and 37 degree 6’ N

Longitudes: 68 degree 7’ E and 97 degree 25’ E

India is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer (23 degree 30’ N).

Andaman and Nicobar Islands are situated towards the Southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.

Lakshadweep Islands are situated towards the Southwest of the Indian mainland in the Arabian Sea.

Size

Russia Canada USA China Brazil Australia India0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1817.09

9.989.62 9.59

8.517.69

3.28

Area of different countries

Area

( in

mill

ion

sq. k

m)

Country

Seventh largest country in the world

Russia Canada USA China Brazil Australia India0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1817.09

9.989.62 9.59

8.517.69

3.28

Area of different countries

Area

( in

mill

ion

sq. k

m)

Country

The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km.

97.6

2.4

Area

Rest of the world India

India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographical area of the world.

Area

Rest of the world India

India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coast line of the mainland including

Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km.

India is bounded by the young fold mountains in the

northwest, north and north east.

India is bounded by the young fold mountains in the northwest, north and

north east. South of about 22° north latitude, it begins to taper, and extends

towards the Indian Ocean, dividing it into two seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and

the Bay of Bengal on its east.

The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30°. Despite this fact the east-west extent appears to be

smaller than the north-south extent.

Earth is divided in vertical lines which passes from noth plole to

south pole called Longitudes. Longitudes differentiates in time

zone of a region.

Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours and move 360 degree (complete rotation = 360 degree) .So for completing 1 degree rotation,time taken in min = (24 x 60) / 360which equals to 4 min.

Gujarat lies at 68 ˚ 7’ east AND Arunachal Pradesh lies at 97 ˚ 25’ east.The Difference between them is approx 30 ˚.So , to move 30 degree,Time taken = ( 30 x 4 ) minwhich is equal to 120 min. And 120 min = 2 hours

and as we know that sun rises from east, Therefore ,

sun rises 2 hrs earlier in Arunachal than Gujarat.

Why 82°30'E has been selected as the Standard

Meridian of India?

The local times of places which lie on different meridians are bound to differ. The sun rises two hours earlier in

Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west. This causes a time lag of two hours from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh. To avoid confusion due to time

differences and to have a standard time for reference, the time along the meridian (82° 30' E) passing through

Mirzapur (Uttar Pradesh) has been taken as the standard time for the entire country. This is why the watches show

the same time.

Why is the difference between the durations of day and night

hardly felt at Kannyakumari but not so in Kashmir?

The latitudinal extent influences the duration of the day and night, as one moves from South to North.As Kanyakumari lies close to the equator, the sun rays are felt more whereas Kashmir lies above the tropic of cancer, therefore sun rays are felt slanting

towards the north of equator so the difference is felt more in kanyakumari than kashmir.

The difference in the durations of day and night at Kanyakumari and Kashmir are respectively due to their

latitudianl locations. Kanyakumari is located closer to the equator and experiences a maximum difference between

day and night of 45 minutes. However, Kashmir lies further away from the equator and experiences a

significant gap between the duration of day and night that can extend to as much as 3 and 1/2 hours.

Kanyakumari is just 8 degrees away from the equator. As equator receives the direct Sun rays,

there won 't be hardly any difference between the day & night. Where as, Kashmir is 37 degrees away

from the equator. So there can be about 5 hrs difference between day & night.

These places do not have the same durations of day and night.

The circle of illumination divides the equator into two equal parts.

The days and nights are therefore of the same duration at the equator.

As Kanyakumari is quite near the equator, the day-night difference is hardly one hour. But as we move away from the

equator towards the poles, the variations in the duration of day and night becomes greater.

It is becuase of the unequal divisions of the parallels of the latitudes by the circle of illumination. Kashmir is over 30o away from the equator and so the difference in the duration of day

and night is over four hours.

The latitudinal extent influences the duration of the day and

night, as one moves from south to north.

INDIA AND THE WORLD

The Indian landmass has a central location between the East and the West Asia. India is a southward extension of the Asian Continent. The trans Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India.

The Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast. No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has and indeed, it is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean which justifies the naming of an Ocean after it.

Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has

been reduced by 7,000 km.

India’s contacts with the World have continued through the ages but her relationships through the land routes are much older than her maritime contacts. The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the ancient travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time.

These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times. The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world. The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. On the other hand, the influence of Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our country.

INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS

India occupies an important strategic

position in South Asia. India has 29 states and 7

Union Territories

Before 1947, there were two types of states in India – the provinces and the Princely states. Provinces were ruled directly by British officials who were appointed by the Viceroy. Princely states were ruled by local, hereditary rulers, who acknowledged sovereignity in return for local autonomy.

India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. Our southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and Maldives. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar while Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands.

Maharishi Valmiki has recorded in his Ramayan-

(Yuudh Kand, sarg 22 and shlokas 45-73) that

Shri Rama’s army constructed a bridge over the sea between Rameswaram and Sri Lanka. After crossing

this bridge, Shri Rama’s army reached Sri Lanka,

defeated Ravana and liberated Sita from his

captivity. It is found exactly at the

location narrated in Valmiki Ramayan 

Space images taken by NASA

reveal an ancient bridge in

the Palk Strait between Bharat and Sri Lanka.

Here’s the proof that this place exist.

Dhanushkodi

Kanyakumari

The existence of the bridge obviously cannot be denied! However to what extent there was manual intervention in connecting the gaps between the shoals, islands and rocks is a subject for detailed marine archaeological and geological research. This kind of research has never been carried out nor has any team been constituted so far. However, there is enough evidence about the existence as well as the use of this bridge in ancient Bharatiya history, literature and travelogues etc. 'Ramayana', which mentions a bridge between Rameshwaram (Bharat) and the Sri-Lankan coast, constructed under the supervision of the dynamic and invincible figure of Rama, who is the incarnate of the supreme.

India has had strong geographical and

historical links with her neighbours.

Of the three major lines, Only Tropic of Cancer passes through India.

Tropic of cancer passing through Indian states are as follows

1-Gujarat

2- Rajasthan

3- Madhaya Pradesh

4- Chattisgarh

5- Jharkhand

6- West Bengal

7- Tripura

8- Mizoram

Tropic of Cancer board near Bhopal, India

"KARK VRUT" a TROPIC OF CANCER passes here approch road to BHIRANDIARA - KHAVADA - KALODUNGAR of KUTCH.