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Vocab needed to know for our Latin America unit.
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Latin AmericaKey Terms
Latin America
Mexico
Central America
Caribbean Islands
South America
traditional economy
• Families produce only what they need to live
• Families make decisions
fishing hunting gathering
market economy
• Decisions are made based on supply and demand
• Buyers and sellers make the decisions
command economy
• All decisions are made by the government
prices what can be sold who can work what you are paid
Raul Castro is the President of Cuba.
communism
• Government has strong control of the economy and society
• What happens is a command economy.
socialism
• type of economy • Property and labor
will be distributed (spread) more equally
embargo
• to stop (ban)• The U.S. used an
embargo to stop trade with Cuba
• An arms embargo means a country cannot get weapons
Free Trade Zone
• Area where people can buy goods from other countries without paying extra taxes
• This increases trade
A “F.T.Z.” doesn’t have this “wall.”
industrialized
• type of economy• more factories and
manufacturing• less farming
service industry
• Businesses that don’t make things
fast food worker hotel manager waiter nurse
Taxi driver in Buenos Aires, Argentina
migrant worker
• a person who moves from place to place to work
• usually plants or harvests crops
plantation
• large farms that grow crops for sale
• owned by rich people or large companies
• In L.A. they grow: coffee, bananas, cotton, sugarcane
coffee
hacienda
• large ranch• Many Spanish
people raised cattle on these when they came to Mexico
subsistence farms
• small farms• grow just enough
to feed their family
• Farmers raise animals and grow corn, beans, and rice
A campesino in Cuba working on his
subsistence farm.
wages
• money you earn for a job
Brazil’s currency
labor union
• Workers join together
• They fight for higher wages, workers’ rights and better working conditions
NAFTA
• North American Free Trade Agreement
• includes: Mexico, the U.S., and Canada
maquiladora
• Factory• Workers put parts
together and then ship products to another country to be sold
• 1/2 of Mexicans work in one
colony
• Land controlled by another country
√Mexico was a colony of Spain
Spanish colonies in L.A.
communist state
• Type of government
• Government believes in communism
• It has a command economy
Cuba is a communist state.
commonwealth
• A territory• They control a
part of the government (self-governing)
• Another country controls some of the government
Puerto Rico is a commonwealth. So far, the people have voted not to become a U.S. state.
nationalize
• The government takes control of
• Usually farms and businesses
Castro nationalized farms and factories in Cuba when it became a communist state.
republic
• type of government
• country with a president
• the president is elected
Panama is a republic.
parliamentary democracy
• Type of government
• Head of government is a Prime Minister
• PM is chosen by the legislature
Belize is a parliamentary democracy.
mestizos
• mixed people• They have Spanish
and Native American blood
• Many people in L.A. have a mixed heritage
smog
• pollution• haze of fog and
chemicals in the air
• problem in many cities
Smog in Mexico City.
samba
• party dance• important
tradition in Brazil• Popular in large
parades
Rio Carnival in Brazil.
campesino
• “farmer” or “farm worker” (peasant)
• Usually a campesino does only subsistence farming
absolve
• To judge someone as not guilty
eco-tourists
• People who visit natural wonders
rain forests natural parks
literacy rate
• Percentage of people in a country that can read or write
• Usually a country with a high literacy rate has a good economy A school in Mexico
favelas
• Poor areas in big cities
• “Brazilian slums”√ They get larger as
more people move to cities
topography• the land• Study of the
earth’s shapes and features
• The Andes Mts. are a topographical feature of Latin America
pampas
• grassy plains• located in SE
South America√Many cattle and
sheep are raised on the pampas
isthmus
• narrow piece of land
• connects to larger areas of land
Isthmus of Panama.
archipelago
• A chain or cluster of islands
There are many archipelagos in the Caribbean Sea.
selva
• The word used in Brazil for rain forest
• jungle
deforestation
• Permanent removal of woodland
• many animals lose their homes
• many plants die• big problem in the
Amazon rain forest