Latin America Independence

Toussaint L’ Overture

• Born Nov. 1 1743 in what is now Haiti

• Born into slavery• Allowed to learn to read

and write• Raised Roman Catholic• Worked as a house

servant• Gained his freedom by

age 33

Toussaint L’ Overture

• Slave revolt on October 30, 1771

• Acted as the doctor for the slave army

• Feb. 4 1794 was named Commander in Chief of the French colony by Napoleon

Toussaint L’ Overture

• Instituted social reforms• Built roads, schools,

hospitals, and government buildings

• Enhanced agriculture• Rebuilt the armed

forces

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Toussaint L’ Overture

• Wrote a constitution that gave all citizens equal rights

• Appointed himself governor for life

• Able to pick his successor

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Toussaint L’ Overture

• January 1802 – Napoleon sent 20,000 troops to arrest L’Overture

• L’Overture is tied up and sent France and thrown in a dungeon where he dies soon after

Simon Bolivar

The Liberator

Simon Bolivar

• Born July 24, 1743 in Caracus, Venezuela

• Family was very wealthy• Received an excellent

education in Spain• Returned to Venezuela

in 1807

Simon Bolivar

• Napoleon installed his brother as King of Spain in 1808

• This led to resistance movements in South America

• Venezuela declared its independence from Spain in 1810

Simon Bolivar

• August 6, 1813 Bolivar led a military campaign from what is now Columbia to take control of Caracus, Venezuela and establish the independent country of Venezuela

Simon Bolivar

• In 1817, with the help from Haitian troops Bolivar took the capital of what is now Columbia

• Sept. 7 1821, the Federation of Gran Columbia was created

• Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Panama were created from this area

Simon Bolivar

• Bolivar continued to work to liberate other areas of South America

• Feb. 10, 1824 the Peruvian congress named him dictator of Peru

Simon Bolivar

• August 6, 1825 - the Republic of Bolivia was created in honor of Bolivar

• August 27, 1828 - Bolivar declared himself dictator of Gran Columbia which was made up of Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador

Simon Bolivar

• Uprisings in many parts of Gran Columbia led to an assassination attempt on Sept. 25 1828

• Bolivar resigned as dictator and planned to move to Europe

• Bolivar died after a long bout with tuberculosis on Dec. 18, 1830

Miguel HidalgoLeader of Mexican Independence

Miguel Hidalgo

• Born May 8, 1753• Catholic priest in the

town of Delores in New Spain

• Midnight Sept. 10, 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo rang the church bell and gave a speech calling for the death of all Spaniards

Miguel Hidalgo

• Father Hidalgo raised armies of free Mexicans and swept through parts of Mexico and killed many Spaniards

• Father Hidalgo was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for his actions

Miguel Hidalgo

• Was captured royalist forces after a battle

• Was defrocked and executed by firing squad on July 30, 1811