Landslides of murree and kashmir region pakistan

Landslides of Murree and Kashmir Regions Pakistan

Landslides of Murree and Kashmir Region Pakistan Prepared By: Muhammad ahsan Riaz


North BalaKot:

• Gravadava is 213m year old.

• Indian plate is moving toward kohistan arc.

• Name of plates: • MKT

• PT

• KT

• MBT

• KBT (2005 Earthquake)

• Kunar river comes from boshar lake.

• Riyasi is present in Indian Kashmir.

• Kunar river start from babusna.

• Kohistan arc 65MYA

• Fault scrap

• Metamorphic rocks are present.

• Abbottabad Dolomite

• Murre Red Shale.

Effect on Environment:

• Biodiversity.

• Underground living organisms.

• Aquatic life.

• Flora.

• Mangla dam siltation.


Mitigation:

1-Frame Work:

1. Rod building structure.

2. Bed rock construction.

2-Slop reduction:

3-Vegetation:

It was observed that the forests have served as a barrier against the rolling stones, triggered by the earthquake and instead were damaged to prevent and reduce the velocities of the stones.


Thai Kot Landslide:

Area where major part give different ways. It has igneous or compact rock. No rock can be stable along this fault. Fault is parallel to the rod. It has crushed zone. Zones are shear. It is present in Abbottabad formation. Dolomite is present. It gives grey color. Shale is also present. Screed cone are also present. Alluvial fan also present. Older rock is upper above newer. Head ward erosion occurs. Catchment area is present. Increase flood due to presence of alluvial fans.

Effect on Environment:

Biodiversity. Flora. Fauna Population.

Mitigation:

1. Slop reduction

2. Bypass.

3. Underpass.


Gala Mar Landslids:

It is present in Murre formations.

Composition:

Sand stone and Silt stone And Shale.

Thickness is Varity area to area.

Due to collision of from South to westward.

It thickness is about 2000-3000.

It color is reddish Marion.

Causes of Land Slides:

MBT is called Murre fault in which land slides occurs due to

Snow Melt. Rainwater seepage.

Remedial Measures:

Bench formation. Angle reductions. Proper water drainage system. Bypass. Overheads.


Doak Barsalan:

Fault is vertical. MBT is away from it.

Incompact rock connected with compact rock. Root Wedging: Root wedging is basic destructive phenomena. Root wedging increasing water seepage.


Ghazibad Formation Muzaffarbad:

Fault was present because rock of different age combine.

Crushing of rock material from fault. Fault move from balakot toward index

Kohistan. Before 2005 earthquake this fault was called

Blind.

When fault appear it is called is Daylight fault. After 2006 Earthquake dolomite flow in

ground. Displacement is about 5m in 2005 earthquake. KBT is younger than MBT as MBT cut near

Balakot. MBT goes in Murre formation due to which

energy absorbed in shale in 2005 Earthquake.KBT is also connected with Murre formation.


Impact:

This fault effect the surface area of land to much.

Fauna. Flora. Population. Habitat. Fault passes through the valley and crushed its

material. Material like silt and clay and fine particle

enter in River Nelum due to which water is changing its color from blue to gray.

Education

Landslides of murree and kashmir region pakistan