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all about landforms
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Landforms of earth
By manoj.m
major landforms of earth
mountains plains plateaus
MOUNTAINS
WHAT IS MOUNTAIN?
A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area usually in the form of a peak.
MORE ABOUT MOUNTAIN?•A mountain is generally steeper than a hill The adjective montane is used to describe mountainous areas and things associated with them. The study of mountains is called Orography.
•Exogeology deals with planetary mountains, which in that branch of science are usually called montes (singular—mons).
•The highest mountain on Earth based from sea level is Mount Everest (8,848 m (29,029 ft)) in the Himalayas of Asia.
HOW DO MOUNTAIN FORM?
Where an area of sea separates two plates, sediments settle on the sea floor in depressions called geosynclines. These sediments gradually become compressed into sedimentary rock.When the two plates move towards each other again, the layers of sedimentary rock on the sea floor become crumpled and folded.Eventually the sedimentary rock appears above sea level as a range of fold mountains.
MAP OF MOUNTAINS
Types of mountain
fold block Volcanic
Types of mountain
WHAT IS FOLD MOUNTAIN?
Fold mountains are
mountains formed mainly
by the effects of folding on
layers within the upper part
of the Earth's crust.
MORE ABOUT FOLD MOUNTAIN
•Compressional forces in continental collisions may cause the compressed region to thicken and fold, with material forced both upwards and downwards.
•Since the less dense continental crust "floats" (cf iceberg) on the denser mantle rocks beneath, the weight of any crustal material forced upward to form hills, plateaus or mountains must be balanced by the buoyancy force (see isostasy) of a much greater volume forced downward into the mantle
Types of fold mountain
old young
WHAT IS BLOCK MOUNTAIN?
As the name suggests,
fault-block mountains or
fault mountains are
formed when blocks of
rock materials slide
along faults in the
Earth's crust
MORE ABOUT BLOCK MOUNTAIN
Block mountains are created when large areas are widely broken up by faults creating large vertical displacements. This occurrence is fairly common. The uplifted blocks are block mountains or horsts. The intervening dropped blocks are termed graben: these can be small or form extensive rift valley systems. This form of landscape can be seen in East Africa, the Vosges, the Basin and Range province of Western North America and the Rhine valley. These areas often occur when the regional stress is extensional and the crust is thinned.
Types of block mountain
lifted tilted
WHAT IS VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS?
Volcanic mountains are
formed due to volcanic
eruptions where magma
piles up on the surface
of the Earth.
MORE ABOUT VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN?
Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust in the interiors of plates, e.g., in the East African Rift, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America
Examples of mountains
fold Block
volcanic
•Himalayas of Asia
•Alps in Europe
•Sierra Nevada mountain range of the western United States.
•Mount Fuji in Japan •Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines
Rounded mountain
Sharp peak
Flat peak
WHAT IS PLAIN?
a pl
ain
is la
nd w
ith
rela
tivel
y lo
w re
lief,
that
is fl
at o
r gen
tly ro
lling
MORE ABOUT PLAINS?
Plains occur as lowlands and at the bottoms of valleys but also on plateaus at high elevations. In a valley, a plain is enclosed on two sides but in other cases a plain may be delineated by a complete or partial ring of hills, by mountains or cliffs.
EXAMPLES OF PLAINS?
•Prairies in U.S.A
•West Siberian plains in Eurasia
•Gangetic plains in India
•Hawang ho plains in china
•Po valley in Italy
•Pampas in Argentina
This is grass plains
This is desert plains
WHAT IS PLATEAU?
Plateau also called a
high plain or
tableland, is an area
of highland, usually
consisting of relatively
flat terrain.
MORE ABOUT PLATEAU?
1. A plateau is a highland with steep slopes and a large summit area which rises abruptly from surrounding region.
2. The surface of a plateau can be flat, rolling or even hilly.3. Plateaus occupy large portion of the earth surface4. Some plateaus are very large and extends over
thousands of kilometers like Deccan plateau of INDIA5. Almost every continent has large plateaus6. They are located at semi arid and arid regions of the
world7. Some of them are found near the tropics or on the
leeward side of the mountain
Types of plateaus
Intermontane Continental Lava
MORE ABOUT INTERMONTANE PLATEAU?Intermontane plateau are the highest, largest
and most complex in the world.They are partly or completely enclosed by
mountain.
MORE ABOUT CONTINENTAL PLATEAU?
Continental plateau are extensive tablelands which rise abruptly from the bordering lowlands or from the sea.
MORE ABOUT LAVA PLATEAU?
Volcanoes also form several types of plateaus.
The lava plateaus are formed by fissure flows.
The total thickness and the area covered by the lava plateaus
tableland
Lava plateau
Continental plateau