Internet,LAN/WAN Networking:

Learning ObjectivesDefine and identify the different types of networks

Describe the history of LANs and WANs

Discuss LAN and WAN integration, including the basic functions of bridges, routers, gateways, and switches

Describe network protocol integration methods

Explain the preparatory steps of network design

Computer NetworkSystem of computers, print devices, and computer software linked by communications cabling or radio waves

Typically classified according to:Reach and complexity

Protocols and topologies

Network Communication

Network Types DefinedLocal area networks

Metropolitan area networks

Wide area networks

Local Area Network (LAN)Series of interconnected computers, printing devices, and other computer equipment that share hardware and software resources

Service area usually limited to a given office area, floor, or building

Example of a LAN

Metropolitan Area NetworkLinks multiple LANs in a large city or metropolitan region

Typically uses fiber-optic connections

Example of a MAN

Using a LANIn this drive mappingexample, a server’s driveC is mapped as drive Fby a workstation.After the mapping is complete,the server’s hard disk appears in the workstation’s directory asdrive F and can be used just as though it were a drive connected directly to the workstation.

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Using a LANYou can allow other network users to view and edit files in the folders you’ve designated as shared

Using a LANThe Network Connection tool helps you troubleshoot connection problems

Wide Area Network (WAN)Far-reaching system of networks that usually extends over 30 miles and often reaches across states and continents

Network ClassificationEnterprise network

Combination of LANs, MANs, or WANs that provides users with an array of computer and network resources to complete different tasks

Enterprise Network

Identifying a Network TypeCommunications medium

Wire cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, microwaves

ProtocolHow networked data is formatted into discrete unitsHow each unit is transmitted and interpreted

TopologyPhysical layout of cable and logical path

Network typePrivate versus public

LAN/WAN Integration1960s-1980s

Direct connection to host mainframe using Systems Network Architecture (SNA) communications protocol

NetworksAllow connections to many devices

Enable distributed client/server computing

Using SNA to Directly Connect without a Network

LAN/WAN IntegrationBecoming more advanced through networking devices

Bridges

Routers

Gateways

Switches

BridgesConnect different LANs or LAN segments using the same access method

RoutersConnect networks having the same or different access methods and media

Forward packets and frames to networks by using a decision-making process based on:

Routing table data

Discovery of most efficient routes

Preprogrammed information from network administrator

Routers

GatewaysEnable communications between two different types of networked systems

Gateways

SwitchesLink network segments

Forward and filter frames between segments

Network Classifications

Organizational Structure: Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer

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Network Design IntroductionAssess characteristics of the organization that affect network design

Types and locations of computers

Software applications and resources required

Business patterns

High and low network use periods

Designing to facilitate troubleshooting

Type of security required

Anticipated growth

IP AddressesIP addresses are addresses that identify computers on the Internet

Static IP address

Dynamic IP address

Network LinksWired network

Twisted-pair cable

Coaxial cable

Fiber-optic cable

Wireless networkRF signals

Microwaves

Infrared light

Internet ProtocolsTCP and IP serve as the primary protocols responsible for message transmission on the Internet

Cable Internet ServiceCable modems convert your computer’s signal into one that can travel over the CATV network

Always-on connection

Neighborhood network

Cable Internet Service

ISP Infrastructure

Wi-FiWEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data traveling over wireless networks

Equipment required for a wireless network

Wi-Fi card

Wireless access point

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless network technology

Wireless Internet ServiceDirect satellite service (DSS)

Wireless Internet ServiceFixed wireless Internet service broadcasts RF signals in order to offer Internet access to large areas

WiMAX

Wireless service providers are usually local or regional businesses

LAN Internet AccessCost-effective way to share one Internet connection among several computers

To establish LAN Internet access, you need:An operational wired or wireless LAN

A router or a hub with router capabilities

A high-speed Internet connection, such as DSL, ISDN, or cable Internet

A modem that corresponds to your Internet connection type

Mobile Internet AccessA Wi-Fi hotspot is a wireless broadband Internet service offered in a public location

WISP

WAP is a communications protocol that provides Internet access from handheld devices

Mobile Internet AccessHandheld device services include:

Short message service (SMS)

Multimedia messaging (MMS)

Music fingerprinting

Games

City guides

E-mail

News, sports, stocks, and weather

Mobile Internet AccessCellular service options