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L/O/G/O
UNIVERSIDAD MAGISTER
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
UNIVERSIDAD MAGISTER
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
STYLES AND STRATEGIES
BY JOSE CONTRERAS
ContentsContents
MAIN CONCEPTS
LEARNING ELEMENTS
COGNITIVE STYLES
4
1
2
3
LEARNING STRATEGIES
The way in which each individual learner begins to concentrate on, process, absorb, and retain new and difficult information.
They are the most important tool for us when we construct knowledge.
WHAT IS A LEARNING STYLE?
Most people do not have any idea about their learning styles.
The right way of studying, however, does not exist.
Everybody learns in his individual way, but without knowing this way.
WHAT IS A LEARNING STYLE?
LEARNING ELEMENTS
They LISTENLISTEN
to a lecture, a presentation,
or an audiotape.
AuditoryLearners
They
DISCUSSDISCUSS with others the new
and complex information
they are learning.
VerbalLearners
They READREAD the written
word (textbooks, memos,
and e-mail messages).
The DODO rather than
be sitting and listening, reading,
or thinking about the
information.
Tactile and/or Kinesthetic
Learners
They SEESEE (create) mental images of what
they hear or read.
Visual Picture
Learners
Perceptual ElementsPerceptual Elements
Visual Text
Learners
Analytic / Global
ANALYTICS…ANALYTICS…
…assimilate and process information best when it is presented sequentially and the information builds toward a conceptual understanding.
GLOBALS…GLOBALS…
…assimilate and process information best
when humor and metaphors are used and
they need to understand the concept before the
details make sense.
Perceive analytically
Make specific concept
distinctions
Interested in new concepts for their
own sake
Has self-defined goals and
reinforcements
Impersonal orientation
Learns social material only as an
intentional task
Can self-structure situations
Less affected by criticism
Deductive
Field Independent
COGNITIVE STYLESCOGNITIVE STYLES
COGNITIVE STYLESCOGNITIVE STYLES
FIELD FIELD DEPENDENTDEPENDENT
• Perceives globally• Makes broad general
distinctions among concepts, sees
relationships
• Attends best to material relevant to own experience
• Learns material with social content best
Wholeview
Inductive Social
orientation
• Requires defined goals & reinforcements
More affected by criticism
LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONINGLEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONING
BRAIN LEFT ANALYTICAL
RIGHT GLOBAL
INTELLECTUAL INTUITIVE
VERBAL SEQUENTIAL VISUAL GENERAL
WORD MEANING
LOGICAL
PLANNING
RECALL NAMES
FEW GESTURES
FORMAL STUDY
BRIGHT LIGHT
STEP BY STEP
VOICE MEANING
EMOTIONAL
IMPULSIVE
RECALL FACES
LOTS OF GESTURES
SOUNDS - BACKGROUND
MOBILITY
GENERAL VIEW
REFLECTIVE
(Inductive)
IMPULSIVE
(deductive)
When taken to the extreme, thisapproach leads to
analysis paralysis!
Reflective learners take time to weigh their options before making decisions and solving problems.
Impulsive learners
prefer less detail when
making decisions and
solving problems.
The extreme, impulsive
people want others to
be brief, be bright,
and be gone!!
SOUND
BACKGROUND
SOUNDS
TYPE OF LIGHT
WARM OR COOL
FORMAL OR INFORMAL
LIGHT
TEMPERATURE
SEATING
ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTSENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS
Physiological ElementsPhysiological Elements
When is more effective and
efficient:
Early Morning?
Late Morning?
Late Afternoon?
Evening?
Time of Day
Do you focus your attention best when you snack while you
work or study or snack after you are
finished?
Intake
When you stay in one place for too long, do you become restless and
fidgety?
Mobility
VISUAL LEARNERS
"Show me and I'll understand."
Benefit from diagrams,
pictures, films, and written directions
They value to-do lists, assignment logs, and written notes.
Visual learners learn best by seeing information. Information presented in pictures, charts, or diagrams is easily remembered.Visual learners have strong visualization skills.
Characteristics
AUDITORY LEARNERS
Auditory learners learn best by hearing information. They can usually remember information more accurately when it has been explained to them orally.
Auditory learners learn best by hearing information. They can usually remember information more accurately when it has been explained to them orally.
They like traditional classes
They like traditional classes
Verbal Information
Verbal Information
Speeches requiredSpeeches required
Body LanguageTone of Voice
Body LanguageTone of Voice
LEARNING STRATEGIES EXAMPLES
LEARNING STRATEGIES EXAMPLES
Outlining and Summarizing
Evaluating an Argument
Comparing and Contrasting
Contextualizing
Questioning to Understand and Remember
Writing a Five Paragraph Essay
L/O/G/O
Thank You!Thank You!