Disaster Management @ Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant

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⚝When was the Kudankulam idea began and when it was proposed?

⚝What is VVER?

⚝How many Nuclear Plants are there in INDIA?

⚝How many percentage of current is provided by Nuclear power plant?

⚝What is the chemical which is used in kudankulam?

⚝Who are the two politicians who signed the project?

⚝What is the Budget of kudankulam?

⚝Do you support Abdul kalam’s decision to start the plant?

⚝Is anyone foreign funds provided for the fight ?

Nuclear In INDIA

⚝We have 19 Plants including kudankulam,

some important are

⚝Rajasthan Atomic power project (1*100,

1*200 and 4*220)

⚝Narora atomic power plant (2*235)

⚝Bhabha atomic research centre

⚝Kakrapur atomic power plant (2*220)

kudankulam

⚝Two units of 1000MW

⚝88 meters tall

⚝8.85 meters below ground level

⚝A special feature undertaken in India for the

first time is a completely steel lined dome for

the inner containment wall and dome for the

reactor building .

VVER water-cooled, water-moderated

energy reactor

⚝Height of 19 m and diameter of 4.5m

⚝Is a series of pressurized water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union

⚝six primary coolant loops each with a horizontal steam generator

⚝emergency core cooling

⚝Reactor fuel rods are fully immersed in water kept at 15 MPa of pressure so that it does not boil at normal (220 to over 300 C) operating temperatures.

Passive Heat Removal System

⚝Thickness 600mm

⚝Starting from 36.60m to 52.27m

⚝Other new safety systems include aircraft crash

protection and system to contain the molten

reactor core in the event of a severe accident.

Emergencies

⚝An accident taking place in any nuclear facility of the

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE including the nuclear

reactor

⚝A criticality accident in a nuclear fuel cycle leading to

BURSTS OF NEUTRONS and GAMMA

RADIATION

⚝An accident during the TRANSPORTATION of

radioactive material.

⚝The malevolent use of radioactive material as RDD

by TERRORISTS

⚝A large-scale nuclear disaster resulting from a

NUCLEAR WEAPON ATTACK

PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR/RADIOLOGICAL

EMERGENCIES:

⚝structured in five levels

⚝Three basic safety functions

⚝controlling the power,

⚝cooling the fuel

⚝confining the radioactive material

ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES

⚝Vapour Suppression System to limit the peak pressure of containment

⚝Liquid Poison Injection System for long- term sub-criticality of reactors.

⚝Reactor Building Coolers to bring down the primary containment pressure

⚝Secondary Containment Recirculation System to reduce activity release, using multi-pass filtering by recirculation.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

⚝Specifying the jobs of all the functionaries who have assigned roles during the emergency

⚝Alerting the plant personnel by sounding the emergency siren

⚝ Identified assembly locations for plant personnel and casual visitors for their accounting, and

⚝assessment of persons trapped in the radiological areas.

⚝Formation of rescue teams and activation of a treatment area.

⚝Radiation survey around the plant and outside the plant and site boundaries.

⚝Assessment of wind speed, wind direction and the affected sector around the nuclear facility.

⚝Equipment and materials for handling a nuclear emergency are kept ready.

EXERCISES AND MOCK DRILLS

⚝Training plays an important role in the proper

implementation of various emergency response

activities. Some plans for communication,

Shelters, transport facilities, food, water,

medical preparedness

EFFECTS OF A NUCLEAR EXPLOSION

⚝ The effects of a nuclear explosion depend upon the yield and type weapon, height of burst,

location

⚝ of burst, time of burst and wind conditions at various heights.

⚝ Blast Effect

A sudden burst of a large amount of energy causes very high temperature and pressure in the

surrounding air, resulting in extremely hot and compressed gases. This is accompanied by a

hurricane type, very strong wind, causing further damage, including picking up people or vehicles

and hurling them into any other object.

⚝ Thermal Effect

The extreme high temperature of the air. It results in a firestorm due to the availability of more

and more combustible materials.

⚝ Nuclear Radiations

⚝ Radioactive Fallout

Finally, the residual radioactive substance which might be either in the form of gases or may get

attached to the dust particles, sucked up from the earth by the rising fire ball will come down

slowly and will contaminate a very large area-up to several tens or hundreds of kilometers—

depending upon yield, height of burst and weather conditions.

Health Effects

⚝ Externally or internally within the body may lead to radiation injuries

⚝ Hereditary effects

⚝ Immediate somatic effects could be radiation sickness

⚝ Death of the individual

⚝ Damages in radiosensitive organs.

⚝ Cataract, sterility, skin erythema, skin burns, etc.

⚝ Exposure during pregnancy can result into prenatal death, neonatal death, mental retardation,

⚝ childhood cancer, etc.

⚝ Psycho-social effects radiation exposure result in anxiety, brain syndrome, stress disorder

⚝ burst of fear, panic, or aggression.

DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER

PLANT

⚝Even if the uranium is dried and even if we close the plant we need to keep the well trained engineers and technologies to keep the population safe for 10,000 years. All risks like earthquakes, tsunamis and terrorism still apply to these wastes .

⚝It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security. A small probability of failure will always last.

⚝These areas are prone to high risk in case of terrorist attack.

⚝If accident occurs many scientist say that it is unsafe to enter the area for another 20 years.

13 REASONS WHY WE DO NOT

WANT THE KOODANKULAM

NUCLEAR POWER

PROJECT

1.The Plant reactors are being set up without sharing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Site Evaluation Study and Safety Analysis Report with the people, or the people‘s representatives or the press. No public hearing has been conducted for the first two reactors either. There is absolutely no democratic decision-making in or public approval for this project.

2. The area between 2 to 5 km radius around the plant site, should be called the sterilization zone.. This means that people in this area could be displaced.

3. It is quite impossible to evacuate 1 million people

within 30 km radius quickly and efficiently.

4.The coolant water and low-grade waste from the

Plant are going to be dumped into the sea which will

have a severe impact on fish production and catch.

This will undermine the fishing industry, push the

Fisher folks into deeper poverty and misery and

affect the food security of the entire southern Tamil

Nadu and southern Kerala.

5.Even when the Plant projects function normally without any incidents and accidents, they would be emitting IODINE 131, 132, 133, CESIUM 134, 136, 137 Isotopes, Strontium, Tritium, Tellurium and other such radioactive particles into our air, land, crops, cattle, sea, seafood and ground water. Already the southern coastal belt is sinking with very high incidence of cancer, mental retardation, down syndrome, defective births due to private and government sea-sand mining for rare minerals including thorium. The KKNPP will add many more woes to our already suffering people.

6.The quality of construction and the pipe work and the overall integrity of the KKNPP structures have been called into question by the very workers and contractors who work there in kudankulam.

7. The Minister Mr. Jairam Ramesh announced that the government has decided not to give permission to Plant 3-6 as they were violating the Coastal Regulation Zone stipulations.

8. Many political leaders and bureaucrats try to reassure us that there would be no natural disasters in the kudankulam area. How can anyone ever know?

9. Prime Minster himself has spoken about danger in terrorist attacks to India‘s nuclear power plants.

10. The important issue of liability for the Russian plants has not been settled yet.

11. In 1988 the authorities said that the cost estimated was Rs. 6,000 crores. In November 1998, it was Rs.15,500. In 2001,it was Rs.13171 crores. No one knows the 2011 figures of any of these expenses. No one cares to tell the Indian public either.

12. The March 11, 2011 disaster in Fukushima has made it all too clear to the whole world that nuclear power plants are prone to natural disasters.

13.Is it all for us, the people of India? Or for the corporate profits of the Russian, American and French companies? Or for the Indian military? Are the lives and futures of the Indian citizens inferior to all these?

WHAT IS NEEDED?

⚝Trial run of evacuation and medical services within 30km should be made before the start of the plant

⚝When there was Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, Russia. Many large helicopters pour

40 tonnes of Metal powder

800 tonnes of Lime stone

2400 tonnes of Copper

1000 tonnes of Concrete and sand

⚝The government should clearly explain about

the process of dumping the wastes from the

nuclear power plants. Any wastes can be

reused including the feces and the urine but not

the nuclear wastes. Which will be live for

10,000 years. The scientist has not found a

clear idea to dump the wastes.

⚝Only 3% of the electricity is produced by

Nuclear Power

⚝USA and Russia has announced to give the

people around the nuclear power plant

insurance for Billions of dollars. The

government should think about providing

insurance for the people if all the above needs

are fulfilled.

Money or LIFE?

We should not think about losing 13,000 crores

in this koodankukam plant because this money is

not the government’s but people’s . If you think

we are wasting Rs.13,000 crores then what about

where government lost

Rs.29,200 crores and what about

where government lost

Rs.5,60,000 crores. This involves the life s of

Southern Tamil people.

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