Know How English Grammar Guidebook1-Tenses

emi

Typewritten text

Know How English Grammar Guidebook 1

emi

Typewritten text

Tenses

[KNOW HOW ENGLISH GRAMMAR] Tenses

The Present Simple Tense

Изразява:

1) Обичайно повтарящо се действие.

I go to work every day.

2) Факт, отнасящ се до подлога

(характеристика).

She is a good teacher.

3) Неопровержими истини, научни факти.

The sun is a star.

Образуване:

I/You/We/You/They live in Boston.

He/She/It lives in Boston.

Do/Does live in Boston?

don’t/doesn’t live in Boston.

Don’t/Doesn’t live in Boston?

Yes, do/does.

No, don’t/doesn’t.

–

–?

+?

+

+!

–!


They are smart kids.

Are they smart kids?

They aren’t smart kids.

Aren’t they smart kids?

Yes, they are.

No, they aren’t.

He goes to school every morning.

Does he go to school every morning?

He doesn’t go to school every morning.

Doesn’t he go to school every morning?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn’t.

We watch TV every evening.

Do we watch _________________________?

We don’t watch ______________________.

Don’t we watch _______________________?

Yes, we ________.

No, we ________.

Постави означения

на стрелките.

->Постави означения


->Подчертай

променената част.

->Постави означения на стрелките.

->Подчертай променената част.

->Довърши изреченията.


You write a letter once a week.

They listen to radio in the living room.

They buy their supplies in Denver twice a month.

What do they do ?

What do they

listen?

Where do they

listen to radio?

Who

writes…?

What do you do?

What do you

write?

How often do

you write?

Подчертай и задай въпросите.

Who

listens?


The Present Continuous Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, което се извършва в момента на

говоренето (сега).

She is typing a letter now.

2) Действие или състояние, свързано с кратък

период от време, вкл. момента на

говоренето (действие в развитие).

I am studying English.

3) Планирано бъдещо действие (с глаголи за

движение).

He is meeting Jane later this

evening.

I am

He/She/It is

Am/Is/Are studying English?

am not/isn’t/aren’t studying…

studying…?

–

–?

+?

+

+! –!

Yes, am/is/are. No, am/is/are not.

You/We/They are


verb + ing

to be

Am I not

Isn’t/Aren’t


They are eating a cake.

Are they eating a cake?

They aren’t eating a cake.

Aren’t they eating a cake?

Yes, they are.

No, they aren’t.

He is going to the theatre tonight.

Is he going to the theatre tonight?

He isn’t going to the theatre tonight.

Isn’t he going to the theatre tonight?

Yes, he is.

No, he isn’t.

You are going for a walk tomorrow morning.

Are you going for _________________________?

You aren’t going ______________________.

Aren’t you going _______________________?

Yes, you ________.

No, you ________.











You are writing a letter now.

She is riding a horse in the park.

They are swimming in the lake now.

What is she doing?

What is she

riding?

Where is she

riding?

What are

you doing?

What are

you writing?

When are you

writing?

Подчертай и задай

въпросите.

Who is

writing?

Who is

riding?


The Present Perfect Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, извършено в миналото, но

резултатът от което е налице в момента на

говоренето (сега) или има отношение към

настоящия момент.

She has typed a letter.

2) Действие, което е започнало в миналото и

продължава и в момента на говоренето.

I have lived in Edinburg since 1996.

Have/Has read that book?

haven’t/hasn’t read that book.

read that book?

–

–?

+?

+

+! –!

Yes, have/has. No, haven’t/hasn’t.


Past

Participle

Haven’t/Hasn’t

I/You/We/They have

He/She/It has

read that book.

have/has


They have eaten the cake.

Have they eaten the cake?

They haven’t eaten the cake.

Haven’t they eaten the cake?

Yes, they have.

No, they haven’t.

He has lived in Brussels for 7 years.

Has he lived in Brussels for 7 years?

He hasn’t lived in Brussels for 7 years.

Hasn’t he lived in Brussels for 7 years?

Yes, he has.

No, he hasn’t.

I have drunk five cups of coffee this morning.

Have I drunk ___________________________________?

I haven’t drunk _______________________________.

Haven’t I drunk ________________________________?

Yes, I ________.

No, I ________.



->Постави означения на

стрелките.






You have lived here for ten years.

She has (already) ridden a horse in the park.

They have already swum in the lake.

What has she done?

What has she

ridden?

Where has she

ridden a horse?

What have

you done?

Where have

you lived…?

How long have

you lived here?


въпросите.

Who has

lived here?

Who has

ridden…?


The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Изразява:

1) Продължително действие, започнало в

миналото и продължаващо все още или

току-що завършило, но с дълготрайни

последици.

It has been raining for a couple of

days, but it has stopped now.

2) Действие, повтарящо се много пъти за

определен период от време до настоящия

момент.

He has been telling these stories for

years.

3) Служи за подчертаване на продължителност

на действието (обикновено с негативен

оттенък).

We have been eating rice for weeks.

– –

+?

+! –!


verb + ing

Yes, have/has.

have/has been

have/has been living here for ages.

–?

+

Have/Has been living here for ages.

haven’t/hasn’t been living…

Haven’t/Hasn’t been living…

No, haven’t/hasn’t.


They are eating a cake.

Are they eating a cake?

They aren’t eating a cake.

Aren’t they eating a cake?

Yes, they are.

No, they aren’t.

He is going to the theatre tonight.

Is he going to the theatre tonight?

He isn’t going to the theatre tonight.

Isn’t he going to the theatre tonight?

Yes, he is.

No, he isn’t.

You are going for a walk tomorrow morning.

Are you going for _________________________?

You aren’t going ______________________.

Aren’t you going _______________________?

Yes, you ________.

No, you ________.











You are writing a letter now.

She is riding a horse in the park.

They are swimming in the lake now.

What is she doing?

What is she

riding?

Where is she

riding?

What are

you doing?

What are

you writing?

When are you

writing?


въпросите.

Who is

writing?

Who is

riding?


The Past Simple Tense

Изразява:

1) Обичайно повтарящо се действие в

миналото.

I went to work every day.

2) Описване (изреждане) на минали събития.

She opened the door and entered the

room quickly.

3) Еднократно действие в миналото (посочва

се кога е извършено).

They sent her a letter three days ago.


left the house last night.

Did leave the house last night?

didn’t leave the house last night.

Didn’t leave the house last night?

Yes, did.

–

–?

+?

+

+!

–!

No, didn’t.


They were smart kids.

Were they smart kids?

They weren’t smart kids.

Weren’t they smart kids?

Yes, they were.

No, they weren’t.

He went to school every morning.

Did he go to school every morning?

He didn’t go to school every morning.

Didn’t he go to school every morning?

Yes, he did.

No, he didn’t.

We watched TV last evening.

Did we watch _________________________?

We didn’t watch ______________________.

Didn’t we watch _______________________?

Yes, we ________.

No, we ________.











You wrote her a letter once a week.

They had dinner in the restaurant, and

They bought their supplies in Denver twice a

What did they do ?

What did

they

have?

Where did they

have dinner?

Who

wrote…?

What did

you do?


Who had

dinner?

then…

Whom

did you

write?

What did

you write?

How often did

you write her?

month.


The Past Continuous Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, което се e извършвало преди, по

време на и след даден минал момент.

She was typing the letter when we came.

2) Продължително(и) действие(я) в миналото.

He was dancing while Jane was

singing.

I/He/She/It was

was/were studying English for a long

Was/Were studying English…?

wasn’t/weren’t studying…

Wasn’t/Weren’t studying…?

–

–?

+

+! –!

Yes, was/were. No, wasn’t/weren’t.

You/We/They were


verb + ing

to be

+?

time…


They were eating a cake.

Were they eating a cake?

They weren’t eating a cake.

Weren’t they eating a cake?

Yes, they were.

No, they weren’t.

He was walking in the woods when…

Was he walking in the woods…?

He wasn’t walking in the woods…

Wasn’t he walking in the woods…?

Yes, he was.

No, he wasn’t.

You were doing your homework while…

Were you doing _________________________?

You weren’t doing ______________________.

Weren’t you doing _______________________?

Yes, you ________.

No, you ________.











You were making a cake when…

She was riding a horse in the park.

They were swimming in the lake when…

What was

she doing?

What was she

riding?

Where was she

riding?

What were

you doing?

What were

you

making?


въпросите.

Who was

making…?

Who was

riding?


The Past Perfect Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, което се е извършило до

определен момент в миналото.

She had typed the letters by 6 o’clock.

2) Действие, извършено преди друго действие

в миналото.

I had read the book before she gave

me the test on it.

Had read that book?

hadn’t read that book.

read that book?

–

–?

+?

+

+! –!

Yes, had. No, hadn’t.


Past

Participle

Hadn’t

had read that book.

had


They had been there before.

Had they been there before?

They hadn’t been there before.

Hadn’t they been there before?

Yes, they had.

No, they hadn’t.

He had lived in Brussels for 7 years when she

Had he lived in Brussels for 7 years?

He hadn’t lived in Brussels for 7 years.

Hadn’t he lived in Brussels for 7 years?

Yes, he had.

No, he hadn’t.

I had already drunk five cups of coffee.

Had I already drunk __________________________?

I hadn’t drunk ________________________________.

Hadn’t I drunk ________________________________?

Yes, I ________.

No, I ________.




стрелките.





came.


You had lived here for ten years when…

She had (already) ridden a horse in the park.

They had already swum in the lake.

What had she done?

What had she

ridden?

Where had she

ridden a horse?

What had

you done?

Where had

you lived…?

How long had

you lived here?


въпросите.

Who had

lived here?

Who had

ridden…?


The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Изразява:

1) Продължително действие, започнало в

миналото и продължаващо все още или

току-що завършило, но с дълготрайни

последици.

It had been raining for a couple of

days, but it has stopped now.

2) Действие, повтарящо се много пъти за

определен период от време до настоящия

момент.

He had been telling these stories for

years.

3) Служи за подчертаване на продължителност

на действието (обикновено с негативен

оттенък).

We had been eating rice for weeks.

– –

+?

+! –!


verb + ing

Yes, had.

had been

had been living here for ages.

–?

+

Had been living here for ages?

hadn’t been living…

Hadn’t been living…?

No, hadn’t.


Jimmy had been dancing all day long.

Had he been dancing…?

He hadn’t been dancing…

Hadn’t he been dancing…?

Yes, he had.

No, he hadn’t.

It had been raining all night.

Had it been raining all night?

It hadn’t been raining all night.

Hadn’t it been raining all night?

Yes, it had.

No, it hadn’t.

I had been doing my morning exercises for

half an hour when she decided to join.

I Had I been doing _________________________?

I hadn’t been doing ______________________.

Hadn’t you been doing _______________________?

Yes, I ________. No, I ______________.











He had been writing reports all day, and he

was asleep.

We had been walking in the park

for five minutes when we saw a deer.

They had been swimming for an hour

when the boat came to rescue them.

What had he

been writing?


въпросите.

Who had

been

writing?

What had

he been

doing?

How long had

he been

writing?

Who had

been

walking? What had we

been doing?

How long had we

been walking?


The Future Simple Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, което ще се извърши в определен

момент в бъдещето.

She’ll go to England next month.

2) Обичайно, повтарящо се (очаквано) бъдещо

действие.

I’ll have long walks every morning.

Особености:

1) В съвременния английски език по-често се

използват will, ’ll и won’t .

We’ll proceed with our attempts.

2) Will често означава желание, обещание

или предложение.

We’ll help you.

3) Won’t често означава отказ или

нежелание.

They won’t come with us.

4) Shall – въпросите в първо лице са

предложения и предположения.

Shall I help you to finish it?


5) Will you – въпросите са учтиви молби.

Will you do me a favour?


come tomorrow.

Shall/Will come tomorrow?

shan’t/won’t come tomorrow.

Shan’t/Won’t come tomorrow?

Yes, shall/will.

–

–?

+?

+

+!

–!

No, shan’t/won’t.

I/We shall

You/He/She/It/

We/You/They

will


They will send it tomorrow.

Will they send it tomorrow?

They won’t send it tomorrow.

Won’t they send it tomorrow?

Yes, they will.

No, they won’t.

He’ll go to school every morning.

Will he go to school every morning?

He won’t go to school every morning.

Won’t he go to school every morning?

Yes, he will.

No, he won’t.

We’ll watch TV tonight.

Shall we watch _________________________?

We shan’t watch ______________________.

Shan’t we watch _______________________?

Yes, we ________.

No, we ________.











You’ll write her a letter once a week.

They’ll have dinner in the restaurant.

He’ll buy their supplies in Denver when needed.

What will they do ?

What will

they

have?

Where will they

have dinner?

Who will

write…?

What will

you do?


Who will

have

dinner?

Whom

will you

write?

What will

you write?

How often will

you write her?


The Future Continuous Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, което ще се извършва в даден


She’ll be sleeping at this time

tomorrow.

2) Планирано/предполагаемо бъдещо

действие.

They’ll be voting in the elections next

month.

I/We shall

’ll be studying English in London.

Shall/Will be studying English…?

shan’t/won’t be studying English…

Shan’t/Won’t be studying English…?

–

–?

+

+! –!

Yes, shall/will. No, shan’t/won’t.

You/He/She/It/You/They will


verb + ing

be

+?


They’ll be travelling by air.

Will they be travelling by air?

They won’t be travelling by air.

Won’t they be travelling by air?

Yes, they will.

No, they won’t.

He’ll be taking his mother.

Will he be taking his mother?

He won’t be taking his mother

Won’t he be taking his mother?

Yes, he will.

No, he won’t.

Nick will be playing tennis in the park,

Will he be playing _________________________?

He won’t be playing ______________________.

Won’t he be playing _______________________?

Yes, he________.

No, he________.










I imagine.


You’ll be making a cake at this time

Steve will be waiting for me at the station.

They will be staying in Mexico for long.

What will he

be doing?

Whom will he

be waiting for?

Where will he

be waiting?

What will you

be doing?

What will

you be

making?


въпросите.

Who will

be

making…?

Who will

be

waiting?

tomorrow.

(At) what time

will you be

making a cake?

It’s gone 6.


The Future Perfect Tense

Изразява:

1) Действие, което ще продължи до определен


By November I’ll have worked here for

twenty years.

2) Предположение, че действието е извършено

до дадения момент (по всяка вероятност).

She’ll have read the book by now.

Shall/Will have written that letter?

’ll have written that letter.

have written

–

–?

+?

+

+! –!

Yes, shall/will. No, shan’t/won’t.


Past

Participle

Shan’t/Won’t

’ll have written that letter, I expect.

have

’ll

that letter??


It will be completed by 5 o’clock.

Will it be completed by 5 o’clock?

It won’t be completed by 5 o’clock.

Won’t it be completed by 5 o’clock?

Yes, it will.

No, it won’t.

He’ll have finished the translations by 7,

Will he have finished the translations by 7?

He won’t have finished the translations by 7.

Won’t he have finished the translations by 7?

Yes, he will.

No, he won’t.

I’ll have drunk three cups of coffee by 12,

Shall I have drunk _____________________________?

I shan’t have drunk ___________________________.

Shan’t I have drunk ___________________________?

Yes, I ________.

No, I ________.

Постави

означения на

стрелките.


стрелките.





I hope.

I assume.


You’ll have lived here for ten years by March.

She’ll have ridden a horse in the park by 10.

They’ll have done their homework by that time.

What will she

have done?

What will she

have ridden?

Where had she

ridden a horse?

What will you

have done?

Where will

you have

lived?

How long will you

have lived here?


въпросите.

Who will have

lived here?

Who will

have

ridden…?

By what time will

she have ridden?

By when will she

have lived here…?


Futurity

1) To be going to

Намерение или очакване за бъдещо

действие.

It is going to rain in an hour.

2) The Present Continuous Tense

Бъдещо действие с глаголи за движение.

He is arriving tomorrow.

3) The Present Simple Tense

С глаголи за пристигане и тръгване.

The train leaves at 8.

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Дай примери

за всеки един

от случаите.

Most verbs have past tense and past participle in ~ed

(worked, played, listened), but many of the most frequent

verbs are irregular. Look at the table below:

Base form Past tense Past participle

be

begin break

bring

buy build

choose

come cost

cut

do draw

drive

eat

feel find

get

give go

have

hear hold

keep

know leave

lead

let lie

was/were

began

broke brought

bought

built chose

came

cost cut

did

drew drove

ate

felt

found got

gave

went had

heard

held kept

knew

left led

let

lay

been

begun

broken brought

bought

built chosen

come

cost cut

done

drawn driven

eaten

felt

found got

given

gone had

heard

held kept

known

left led

let

lain

Base form Past tense Past participle

lose

make

mean

meet pay

put

run say

see

sell send

set

sit speak

spend

stand take

teach

tell

think understand

wear

win write

lost

made

meant

met paid

put

ran said

saw

sold sent

set

sat spoke

spent

stood took

taught

told

thought understood

wore

won wrote

lost

made

meant

met paid

put

run said

seen

sold sent

set

sat spoken

spent

stood taken

taught

told

thought understood

worn

won written

Education

Know How English Grammar Guidebook1-Tenses