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Presented by :Muhammad Asad Ullah• Roll no : 14221507-005
• Class : Bs-Chemistry
• Semester : 2nd Sem
Ketones : If two alkyl group are attached to the carbonyl carbon the compound is known as ketone.
• Physical properties:
• Colorless liquids
• Higher members being solids
• Pleasant smell
Preparation of Ketones
• By oxidation of secondary alcohols:
CH3 CrO3 CH3
CHOH C = O
CH3 CH3
isopropyl alcohol acetone
By dry distillation of calcium salt of carboxylic acid:
Dry distillation of calcium salt of fatty acid gives ketone.
Reactions of ketone
• Addition of hydroxylamine:
ketone gives oximes with hydroxylamine.
• Uses:
Oil based paints
Suppress skinning of paints
Formation of skin on paints
Reactions
• Addition of hydrazine :
hydrazine gives hydrazone
• Uses :
Measuring the concentration of low molecular weight aldehydes and ketones.
Medical
• Addition Grignard reagent :
Grignard reagent RMgX reacts with carbonyl compounds to give alcohol
• Uses :
used as a solvent
naturally found in bear and chickpeas
• Addition of HCN :
HCN adds to carbonyl compounds to give cyanohydrin.
• Uses :
Treating sun damage
Treating to dry skin
Used in cosmetics
References
• Organic chemistry for B.Sc. By Dr. Abdur Rahman PhD
• Organic chemistry By Peerson
• Industrial chemistry by Hardo Siegel
• Smith Michael B
• March and jerry (advanced organic Chemistry)