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KEEP CALM
AND
STUDY HARD
TECHNICAL GRAPHICS (T.G.)JUNIOR CERTIFICATE EXAM GUIDANCE & REVISION NOTES
JOSEPH LYSTERLINE IT OUT ©PATRICIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL NEWBRIDGE, CO. KILDARE, REP. OF IRELAND.
mailto: [email protected] Website: www.slideshare.net/WT4603
A. EXAM GUIDANCE [GENERAL]
1. FORMAT2. TIMING3. SUGGESTED APPROACH
B. TOPICS [SECTION A+B]
4. FIRST PRINCIPLES5. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION6. AUXILIARY PROJECTION7. ROTATION OF OBJECTS8. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION9. DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES / SOLIDS IN CONTACT10. TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY11. CIRCLES IN CONTACT12. ELLIPSE & PARABOLA13. ENLARGEMENT & REDUCTION14. AREA OF FIGURES15. PERSPECTIVE16. SIMPLY INCLINED PLANES & CUT SURFACES
*NOT ALL SHORT QUESTION AREAS ARE COVERED IN THESE NOTES SO REFER TO EXAMPLES AS DONE IN CLASS AND IN EXAM PAPERS I.E. SKETCHING, TERMINOLOGY, C.A.D. COMMANDS, BAR/PIE/LINE CHARTS/GRAPHS ETC…
CONTENTS
FORMAT:
EXAM DURATION HIGHER LEVEL = 3 HOURS ORDINARY LEVEL = 2.5 HOURS
EXAM PAPER STRUCTURE TWO SECTIONS IN EXAM PAPER
SECTION A = MIXED TOPIC SHORT QUESTIONS FIFTEEN SHORT QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TEN – TRY ALL)
SECTION B = LONG QUESTIONS SIX LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY FOUR)
HIGHER LEVEL 1. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION 2. ROTATION OF OBJECTS 3. AXONOMETRIC OR ISOMETRIC SCALE 4. DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES & SOLIDS IN CONTACT 5. TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY 6. ELLIPSE, PARABOLA & CIRCLES
EXAM GUIDANCE
ORDINARY LEVEL 1. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION 2. ELLIPSE 3. DEVELOPMENTS 4. ISOMETRIC OR OBLIQUE 5. TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY 6. CIRCLES
TIMING: HIGHER LEVEL
3 HOURS (180 MINUTES) SPEND 3 TO 5 MINUTES PREVIEWING EXAM PAPER AT START SECTION A: RECOMMENDED TIME = 45 MINUTES MAX [35 MINUTES OR LESS WOULD BE
IDEAL] SECTION B: RECOMMENDED TIME = 130 MINUTES MAX (32.5 TO 35 MIN/QUESTION) KEY TIP: WHEN STUDYING, GET INTO THE HABIT OF DOING QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO THE
TIMING SUGGESTED. WHEN IN THE EXAM, HAVE TIME QUES OR BE VIGILANT OF TIME DURING THE EXAM TO REMIND YOU TO PROGRESS FROM ONE QUESTION TO ANOTHER.
ORDINARY LEVEL 2.5 HOURS (150 MINUTES) SPEND 3 TO 5 MINUTES PREVIEWING EXAM PAPER AT START SECTION A: RECOMMENDED TIME = 25 TO 30 MINUTES MAX SECTION B: RECOMMENDED TIME = 120 MINUTES MAX (30 MIN/QUESTION) KEY TIP: WHEN STUDYING, GET INTO THE HABIT OF DOING QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO THE
TIMING SUGGESTED. WHEN IN THE EXAM, HAVE TIME QUES OR BE VIGILANT OF TIME DURING THE EXAM TO REMIND YOU TO PROGRESS FROM ONE QUESTION TO ANOTHER.
EXAM GUIDANCE
SUGGESTED APPROACH: BE ‘SMART’… DON’T PANIC, EASY FOR ME TO SAY BUT REALLY DON’T PANIC. THE EXAM PAPER WILL
LOOK DIFFERENT BECAUSE ALL OF THE QUESTIONS ARE NEW AND PREVIOUSLY UNSEEN. TAKE A MINUTE TO RELAX AND THEN CONFIRM TO YOURSELF THAT YOU ARE REFINED IN THE METHODS /UNDERSTANDING TO ANSWERING SUCH QUESTIONS. REMEMBER THAT YEAR ON YEAR THE FACE OF THE QUESTIONS MAY CHANGE BUT THE DETAIL IS THE SAME, THE METHODS ARE CONSISTENT AND THERE IS A LOGICAL SEQUENCE TO BE FOLLOWED IN ALL CASES.
UPON REVIEW OF EXAM PAPER, MARK THE QUESTIONS YOU FEEL MOST CONFIDENT ABOUT DOING
DO SECTION ‘A’ FIRST AND BEGIN WITH WHATEVER QUESTION YOU FEEL YOU CAN ANSWER BEST. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ATTEMPTED AT LEAST 10 SHORT QUESTIONS THOUGH I DO RECOMMEND THAT YOU DO ALL FIFTEEN IF POSSIBLE.
MOVE ONTO SECTION ‘B’ AND AGAIN BEGIN WITH YOUR STRONGEST QUESTION, I.E. THE ONE YOU KNOW YOU CAN DO BEST IN THE LEAST AMOUNT OF TIME!
BE MINDFUL OF TIME…AS PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED. IN ALL CASES, REMEMBER TO DOUBLE CHECK WHAT THE QUESTION IS ASKING YOU. IT
IS NOT UNCOMMON TO PRESUME SOMETHING OR OVERLOOK SOMETHING. BE DILLIGENT HERE.
IF ALL ELSE FAILS JUST HAVE A GO. IT CAN DO NO HARM TO HAVE A GO. IF YOU HAVE TIME AT THE END, SPEND IT BY REVIEWING THE WORK YOU HAVE DONE
OR TIDYING UP/FINISHING INCOMPLETE QUESTIONS DO NOT LEAVE THE EXAM HALL WITHOUT HAVING ATTEMPTED THE
REQUIRED AMOUNT OF QUESTIONS TO THE BEST OF YOUR ABILITY.
EXAM GUIDANCE
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ALL OF THE
REQUIRED DRAWING
EQUIPMENT WITH YOU FOR THE
EXAM!!!
EXAM GUIDANCE
OVERVIEW
FIRST PRINCIPLES
FIRST PRINCIPLES
FIRST PRINCIPLES
FIRST PRINCIPLES
FIRST PRINCIPLES
FIRST PRINCIPLES
PENTAGON [360/5 = 72°]
HEXAGON [360/6 = 60°]
OCTAGON[360/8 = 45°]
FIRST PRINCIPLES
BISECTING A LINE[STEPS]
FIRST PRINCIPLES
BISECTING AN ANGLE [STEPS]
FIRST PRINCIPLES
BISECTING AN ANGLE [STEPS]
FIRST PRINCIPLES
FIRST PRINCIPLES
OVERVIEW
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
WE DRAW USING ‘FIRST ANGLE’ PROJECTION AND IN THE CONTEXT OF D.C.G. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ALL TOPIC AREAS, JUST AS PARAGRAPHS ARE IN THE STRUCTURING OF AN ENGLISH ESSAY.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ALLOWS US TO SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGE MUTLIPLE VIEWS OF A GIVEN OBJECT/STRUCTURE ETC IN A MANNER THAT ALLOWS FOR COMMON INTERPRETATION.
WE HAVE THREE TYPICAL VIEWS, NAMELY ELEVATION [FRONT VIEW], PLAN [TOP VIEW] & END VIEW [SIDE VIEW].
WE ALSO HAVE AUXILIARY VIEWS, OF WHICH WE CAN HAVE AN AUXILIARY PLAN VIEW OR AN AUXILIARY ELEVATION VIEW. WE WILL CLARIFY BOTH FURTHER ON IN THESE STUDY NOTES.
IN CONSIDERATION OF STANDARD ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS, THIS EXIST ON THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL PROJECTION PLANES.
WE ALSO HAVE AUXILIARY PLANES, SIMPLY INCLINED PLANES, OBLIQUE PLANES AND AXONOMETRIC PLANES THAT ALL FACILITATE VARIOUS FORMS OF TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES AND GEOMETRY.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ELEVATION
PLAN
END VIEW
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONDEALING WITH CURVED SURFACES IN ORTHOGRAPHIC
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
OVERVIEW
AUXILIARY PROJECTION
STANDARD AUXILIARY PROJECTION AUXILIARY PROJECTION IS THE CREATION OF AN
ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF A GIVEN OBJECT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL AND AUXILIARY PLANES.
IN JC TECHNICAL GRAPHICS THEY APPEAR IN SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS AS WELL AS ANY OF THE LONG QUESTIONS, DEPENDING ON WHETHER THERE IS A NEED TO USE AN AUXILIARY OF NOT.
THEY CAN BE COMMONLY USED TO FIND ALTERNATIVE VIEWS OF OBJECTS AND TRUE SHAPES OF PARTICULAR SURFACES
THE KEY TO THE AUXILIARY PROJECT IS IDENTIFYING THE ANGLE OF PROJECTION FROM EITHER ELEVATION, PLAN OR INDEED END VIEW. IN MOST CASES, IF YOU ARE TRYING TO FIND THE TRUE SHAPE OF A SURFACE LOOK FOR THE VIEW OF THAT SURFACE WHERE IT APPEARS TO BE A SINGLE LINE (EDGE VIEW). FROM THERE YOU CAN SET UP YOUR X1Y1 PARALLEL TO THAT LINE AND PROJECT FROM THERE.
STANDARD AUXILIARY PROJECTION
AUXILIARY ELEVATION
AUXILIARY PLAN
AUXILIARY ELEVATION:PROJECT FROM PLAN AND TAKE MEASUREMENTS FROM ELEVATION
AUXILIARY PLAN:PROJECT FROM ELEVATION AND TAKE MEASUREMENTS FROM PLAN
AUXILIARY PROJECTIONAUXILIARY ELEVATION
AUXILIARY PROJECTIONSNAPSHOT OF AN AUXILIARY ELEVATION BEING USED IN SOLIDS IN CONTACT
OVERVIEW
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
ROTATION OF OBJECTS
OVERVIEW
DEVELOPMENTS & SOLIDS IN CONTACT (S.I.C.)
DEVELOPMENT & S.I.C.
DEVELOPMENT & S.I.C.
DEVELOPMENT & S.I.C.
DEVELOPMENT & S.I.C.
DEVELOPMENT & S.I.C.
DEVELOPMENT & S.I.C.
OVERVIEW
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONTYPE 1: ISOMETRICAXONOMETRIC PLANE IS AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLEIN QUESTION ASSUME AS NORMAL
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONISOMETRIC
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONISOMETRIC
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONISOMETRIC
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONISOMETRIC
OVERVIEW
SCALED ISOMETRIC
SCALED ISOMETRICISOMETRIC
SCALED ISOMETRICISOMETRIC
OVERVIEW
SIMPLY INCLINED AND OBLIQUE PLANES
SIMPLY INCLINED PLANES
SIMPLY INCLINED PLANEEXAMPLE
SIMPLY INCLINED PLANEEXAMPLE
SIMPLY INCLINED PLANEEXAMPLE
OVERVIEW
AREAS OF FIGURES
AREAS OF FIGURES
OVERVIEW
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
OVERVIEW
CIRCLES
CIRCLES
CIRCLES
CIRCLES
CIRCLES
CIRCLES
OVERVIEW
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE BY CONCENTRIC CIRCLES METHOD
PARABOLA BY RECTANGLE METHOD
CLASSIFICATION OF CONIC SECTIONS
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
ELLIPSE AND PARABOLA
OVERVIEW
TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY
TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY
TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY
ENLARGEMENT & REDUCTION
ENLARGEMENT & REDUCTION
ENLARGEMENT & REDUCTION
ENLARGEMENT & REDUCTION