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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Hazards Associated with Animal Feed
12-15 May 2015, Rome, Italy
Overview
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
Background
• 2007 expert meeting
• Ad hoc intergovernmental task force on animal feed
• Requested FAO/WHO to provide updated information on hazards of relevance to animal feed
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Update of the current state of knowledge on hazards associated with feed including feed and feed production technologies of increasing relevance
• Guidance on the most appropriate use of this information for risk analyses purposes
• Identify knowledge gaps to prioritize future work.
Meeting objectives
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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Included
• Hazards in animal feed presenting a risk for human health
• Impact of these hazards on animal health
• Hazards in water where relevant in accordance with the Codex definition of animal feed.
Scope
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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Excluded
• Potential wider impacts of hazards on animal health, welfare and productivity, food security - area for future work
• Veterinary drugs intentionally added to feed
• Antimicrobial resistance
• GMOs – subject to safety assessment prior to use
Scope
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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Implemented in line with procedures for provision of scientific advice
Inclusive in efforts to consider all available data • Background paper summarizing publicly available
data
• Additional information through its peer review by experts and stakeholders,
• Call for data
• information and expertise provided by the individual experts
• Resource people (biofuels, former food products)
Process/Approach
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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Hazards in feed may present an important risk for human health, and can have a negative impact on animal health and welfare
Stressed the importance of • Pursuing the prevention and control of hazards in
animal feed.
• Developing and implementing standards, guidelines and practical measures
• Action from multiple players is required to build upon what has already been done
• Ongoing and enhanced capacity development
Key Findings - general
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Challenges presented by the wide range of hazards and feed sources, including • need to generate the necessary data on some of these
contaminants (sampling approaches and sampling plans)
• collate those data, if feasible through a global platform
• develop the methodologies needed to facilitate such risk assessment.
• Role of the industry in generating data as well as authorities
• Importance of using this to identify and implement risk management measures
Key Findings - Risk assessment
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Codex Alimentarius work recognized – but more needed, explicit consideration of feed when developing or revising Codex texts for biological and chemical contaminants.
• Differences that exist between countries’ regulatory frameworks, and its impact – limited or no legislation and infrastructure feed safety management.
• The ongoing development of new technologies
- need institutional and regulatory frameworks
.
Key findings – standards and regulation
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Not feasible at international level • Country by country basis, consider specific
situation, e.g feed sources, production systems
• Codex guidance
• Consider other issues e.g. food security
• Changing environment in which feed is being produced and used (climate, farming practices, feed sources etc.) • regular review of potential hazards
• Awareness of the potential for new hazards
• be ready to take the necessary steps to manage these.
Key findings - prioritization
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such dioxans (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), dl-PCBs andl-PCBs;
• Veterinary drug residues;
• Organochlorine and other pesticides;
• Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury);
• Mycotoxins;
• Plant toxins (e.g. genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and anti-nutritionals such as glucosinolates)
• Potential and emerging chemical hazards.
Chemical hazards
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
Chemical hazards Hazard POPs - dioxin, dl-PCBs, ndl-PCBs
Health impact Dioxins – reproductive, immune and endocrine systems are sensitive targets, especially in developing organisms NDL-PCBs difficult to identify
Source Natural and anthropogenic sources, processing (e.g drying with inappropriate foods)
Occurrence in feed Plants grown in contaminated areas, fish oil and meal from contaminated areas
Transfer feed to food Dependent on congener profile and lipid content of feed
Relevance for food safety only slowly eliminated and as such levels found in edible tissues and products are dependent on the levels in feed and also the duration of exposure.
Emerging issues/trends better define the risk associated with ndl-PCBs that are generally present at much higher levels in feed than dioxins and dl-PCBs
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Bacteria – Salmonella, Mycobacterium, Brucella, Clostridium spp, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and Listeria
• Parasites - pasture and forage
• Viruses – data gap
• Prions – don’t forget lessons of the past.
Biological hazards
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Radionuclides
• Residues of nanomaterials, micro- and nano-plastics
• Other relevant materials - packaging.
Physical hazards
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• Insects as feed
• Food waste and former food products
• Biofuel by-products
• Aquatic plants
• Marine resources
Feed sources and processes of increasing importance
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting Hazards Associated with Animal Feed • FAO, Rome, Italy • 12 - 15 May 2015
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• A lot of information
• Challenges - knowledge and understanding what is relevant for animal feed. • methods not validated for all relevant feed and feed
ingredients
• no reliable methods are available for a number of the identified hazards.
• Developed a table of information • overview of the methods available specifically for hazards in
feed
• scope of their application
Analytical Methods