John Brown

John Brown

http://www.ifpda.org/content/sites/default/files/imagecache/enlarged/artworks_by_dealer/82/Kiechel%20Fine%20Art_CURRY_john%20brown.jpg

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/nystrom/images/Antietam/fullsize/hf-john-brown_1.jpg

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/nystrom/images/Antietam/fullsize/hf-john-brown_1.jpg

This is John Brown. Was he a crazy religious man?

Was he a freedom fighter?

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/943.jpg

This is John Brown. Was he a crazy religious man?

Was he a freedom fighter?

http://www.vintagepostcards.org/torrington-john-brown-abolition-slavery-black-americana-p-4593.html

He was born in this house in the the town of Torrington, Connecticut, in 1800.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion/state_information/images/us_map.gif

His father, Owen Brown, was a serious and very religious man.Owen Brown was an abolitionist. Owen and Ruth Brown had eight children.Their family moved a lot.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/brown/timeline/index.html

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion/state_information/images/us_map.gif

The family moved to Ohio.

John Brown’s father worked as a tanner.Tanners make leather from animal skins.John Brown learned to become a tanner from his father. http://www.elpasoinfo.com/Merchant2/graphics/00000002/Cowhide_BlkWht-

brindle2.jpg

When he was around 12 years old, Owen Brown sent his son John on a business trip.During the trip, young John Brown witnessed a master brutally beating a slave.

http://www.mostateparks.com/statecapcomplex/statemuseum/se_pics/beating.jpg

For the rest of his life, he never forgot that experience.

When he was 16, John Brown moved back East to go to college in Massachusetts.He studied to become a minister. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion/state_information/images/us_map.gif

John Brown became sick.He also ran out of money.He had to quit college and move back home. http://www.clipartguide.com/_small/0808-

0804-1112-1108.jpg

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion/state_information/images/us_map.g

In 1820, John Brown married.He and Dianthe, his wife, moved to Pennsylvania.

John Brown and Dianthe had a big family.He was a very strict and loving father.

John Brown bought a lot of land in Pennsylvania.He opened a tannery and hired 15 men to work for him making leather.He also earned money trading cattle and by working as a surveyor.

http://www.teachengineering.org/collection/cub_/lessons/cub_images/cub_navigation_lesson03_clipart2.jpg http://nicubunu.ro/pictures/rpg/map.png

Surveyors measure land for maps.They measure land so people can identify property boundaries.

http://www.teachengineering.org/collection/cub_/lessons/cub_images/cub_navigation_lesson03_clipart2.jpg

http://rogallery.com/Lawrence_Jacob/Legend_of_John_Brown/Lawrence_Jacob-John_Brown-3

The artist Jacob Lawrence painted this picture of John Brown surveying land.

For 12 years, John Brown engaged in land speculations and wool merchandising; all this to make some money for his greater work which was the abolishment of slavery.

Jacob Lawrence (1917 – 2000) was an Atlantic City–born artist who lived in Harlem. In 1941, he painted a series of pictures about the life of John Brown.http://www.kingfisherpress.com/images/Jacob%20Lawrence%20and%20Gwen%20Knight.jpg

Lawrence and his wife, the artist Gwendolynn Knight

http://www.kingfisherpress.com/images/Jacob%20Lawrence%20and%20Gwen%20Knight.jpg

Around the same time, in 1942, Pennsylvania artist Horace Pippin also created a series of paintings about the life of John Brown.

http://store.encore-editions.com/gift/pippin.html

John Brown and His Bible

Pippin (1888 - 1946) was born near Philadelphia and studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Art on Broad Street. http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=213

John Brown had hard times.His business skills were poor. He became broke.Some of his children died.In 1832, after their seventh child was born, Dianthe, died. http://www.wvculture.org/HiStory/jbexhibit/bbsph03-0074.html

John Brown was bankrupt and responsible for seven children.

The next year, in 1833, he married a teenager, Mary Ann Daly.

Mary Ann Daly Brown with two of their daughters. Mary Ann Brown had thirteen children. Altogether, John Brown had twenty children; eleven grew up to become adults.

http://www.wvculture.org/HiStory/jbexhibit/bbsph02-0015.html

Brown and his family moved to Ohio in 1835.In Pennsylvania and Ohio, John Brown worked on the Underground Railroad helping slaves escape to freedom. http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/runaway-slaves-on-underground-railroad.jpg

Like many American abolitionists, John Brown read this abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator.http://www.theliberatorfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/Page_1_The_Liberator_No_17_April_23_1831.jpg

http://www.yale.edu/glc/images/garrison.jpg

William Lloyd Garrison published The Liberator.

In 1837, John Brown heard about the abolitionist, Elijah Lovejoy.

Elijah Lovejoy was a minister and a newspaper publisher.He lived in Alton, Illinois.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Appletons%27_Lovejoy_Elijah_Parish.jpg

Lovejoy’s newspaper, the Alton Observer, printed stories supporting ending slavery.

http://chestofbooks.com/reference/Wonder-Book-Of-Knowledge/The-Story-In-A-Newspaper.htmlhttp://www.aperfectworld.org/clipart/nature/river.gif

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Supporters of slavery did not like Lovejoy’s abolitionist newspaper.They already destroyed three of his newspaper presses –angry mobs threw the printing presses in the Mississippi River.

In 1837, after abolitionists helped Lovejoy get a fourth new printing press, angry mobs burned the newspaper building.

Someone shot Elijah Lovejoy and killed him.

http://www.colby.edu/education/activism/images/quilt/lovejoy.jpghttp://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/gcarr/19cUSWW/LB/gallery.html

In 1837, Abolitionists helped Lovejoy get a fourth new printing press.Angry mobs burned the newspaper building.

Someone shot Elijah Lovejoy and killed him.

John Brown was angry about the murder of Elijah Lovejoy.

He chose to focus his life on one purpose: abolishing slavery.

http://ta-nehisicoates.theatlantic.com/John%20Brown.jpg

“Here, before God, in the presence of these witnesses, from this time, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery!”

He made a speech at Lovejoy’s funeral.

Brown wanted to do anything to help stop slavery.

In a letter to his brother, John Brown wrote that he and Mary wanted to adopt an African American child and start a school for African American children.

John Brown had a lot of troubles. Several of children died from illness.

Brown invited African Americans to attend his church.After some white church members became angry, he stopped going to the church. (Some say the church kicked him out.)

http://www.kcpt.org/badblood/images/timeline/john-brown_lg.jpg

John Brown worked in the sheep business.He became an expert on sheep and wool.He and two of his sons moved to Massachusetts to start a wool business.

http://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/history/teaching/Rare_breeds/images/shearing_sheep.jpg

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http://www.medical-tools.com/shop/images/T/sheep-shear-double-bow-30cm.jpg

http://independentstitch.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/yarn.jpg

Many farmers respected Brown as an expert in the wool business,but he made bad decisions, lost a lot of money and had to end this work.

http://edison.rutgers.edu/latimer/freddug.htm

"Though a white gentleman, he is in sympathy with the black man and as deeply

interested in our cause…He thought that he had no better use for his life than to lay it

down in the cause of the slave."

Brown heard Frederick Douglass, the escaped slave who made speeches about abolition.In 1847, he invited Douglass to his home for dinner. Douglass said this about John Brown:

Brown heard about a rich abolitionist who helped free African American farmers in New York state.

In 1848, Brown moved his family there to live with the community of African Americans.

http://rogallery.com/Lawrence_Jacob/Legend_of_John_Brown/Lawrence_Jacob-John_Brown-6.html6.

John Brown formed an organization among the colored people of the Adirondack woods to resist the capture of any fugitive slave.

After Congress passed a law called the Fugitive Slave Act, many slaves who escaped were worried about being arrested and sent back to their masters.

Free African Americans were sometimes kidnapped, too, and forced to become slaves.

Why did African Americans need protection?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:House_at_John_Brown%27s_Farm.jpg

The Brown family farm in New Elba, New York.

Brown hired free African Americans to work on the farm.He invited an escaping slave to hide in his home.

http://lightandsilence.org/images/brown/JohnBrownBibleB.jpg

After the Gold Rush of 1849, many people moved to California.In 1850, California changed from being a territory to a state – a free state that did not support slavery.http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MAP/TERRITORY/1850map.html

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Many Americans moved west to buy cheap farm land.http://historyforkids.utah.gov/fun_and_games/photos/images/picturestocolor/large/wagon_train_photo_large.jpg

Many Americans moved west to Kansas territory. http://historyforkids.utah.gov/fun_and_games/photos/images/picturestocolor/large/wagon_train_photo_large.jpg

In the 1850s, Kansas was not yet a state.http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MAP/TERRITORY/1850map.html

Kansas

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/reynomap.jpg

In 1854, Congress passed a law called the Kansas-Nebraska Act.The law explained that new settlers could vote if they wanted freedom or slavery in their state.

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/reynomap.jpg

Five of John Brown’s adult sons moved to

Kansas to vote for it to become a free state.

Free Staters

Pro-Slavery V.

http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/lincoln/vignettes/TeamofRivals/ExhibitObjects/NorthandSouth1861.aspx?Enlarge=true&ImageId=79561e1b-12fa-4c1b-8c1d-213d8b93907b%3acc77ee60-f1b1-4f37-a804-a5648e473b3a%3a17&PersistentId=1%3a79561e1b-12fa-4c1b-8c1d-213d8b93907b%3a5&ReturnUrl=%2fExhibitions%2flincoln%2fvignettes%2fTeamofRivals%2fExhibitObjects%2fNorthandSouth1861.aspx

Pro-slavery supporters from Missouri went to Kansas to fight Free-Staters.

http://ktwu.washburn.edu/journeys/releases/sj2004/images/1707bleeding.jpg

John Brown’s sons did not want Kansas to allow slavery.They needed protection from proslavery supporters.

http://ktwu.washburn.edu/journeys/releases/sj2004/images/1707bleeding.jpg

http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/douglasslife/dougl276a.jpg

John Brown’s sons wrote letters to their father asking for help. In 1855, he traveled west with money and weapons to support his sons.He also thought he would use his surveying skills to draw boundaries around the state of Kansas.

This time was called “Bleeding Kansas.”

In 1856, in the city of Lawrence, Kansas, proslavery supporters burned abolitionist homes and newspaper offices.

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/graphic/xlarge/sumner_caning_xl.jpg

Supporters of slavery fought abolitionists in the Capitol building in Washington, D.C.

Abolitionist Senator Charles Sumnerof Massachusetts

Proslavery Representative Preston

Brooksof South Carolina

http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/graphic/xlarge/sumner_caning_xl.jpg

http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/douglasslife/dougl276a.jpg

In Kansas, John Brown was angry about the fighting in Lawrence and the beating of Senator Sumner in Congress. He and a group of men decided to fight proslavery settlers.

John Brown, his sons and their friends fought battles against pro-slavery supporters. In May, 1856, five pro-slavery supporters were murdered in Kansas. People blamed John Brown and his sons.

Frederic Brown died in one of the battles.

http://www.arts.wa.gov/public-art/legend-of-john-brown/Artwork11.html

John Brown took to guerilla warfare.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Brown_statue.JPG

This statue of John Brown is in Osawatomie, Kansas, where his son was killed.

Pro-slavery men captured two of John Brown’s sons. Brown and his men fought a battle in Black Jack, Kansas, to free them.


John Brown’s victory at Black Jack drove those pro-slavery to new fury, and those who were anti-slavery to new efforts.

The Tragic Prelude, painted by John Steurt Curry

A painting in the Kansas state capital building remembers John Brown and the fight to make Kansas a free state. (It became a free state in 1861.) http://www.kansastravel.org/05statecapitol2.JPG

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/treemap.jpg

The Browns left Kansas and went East.

http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2009/06/john_browns_violent_antiracist.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2954b.html

I will die fighting for this cause. There will be no peace in this land

until slavery is done for.

During this time, John Brown wrote the following in a letter:

John Brown decided that fighting was the only solution to end slavery.He made plans to start a war. http://www.arts.wa.gov/public-art/legend-of-john-brown/Artwork13.html http://rogallery.com/Lawrence_Jacob/Legend_of_John_Brown/Lawrence_Jacob-John_Brown-13.html

John Brown, after long meditation, planned to fortify himself somewhere in the mountains of Virginia or Tennessee and there make raids on the surrounding plantations, freeing slaves.

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For two years, Brown traveled and made speeches.

In the summer of 1859, Brown met with Frederick Douglas in southern Pennsylvania.Brown tried very hard to convince Douglas to become involved in his plan.When he thought the police were looking for him in 1858, Brown hid in Frederick Douglass’s home in Rochester, New York.

In 1858, he traveled to Canada to get support for the war.

John Brown made many trips to Canada organizing for his assault on Harpers Ferry.

While he was in Canada, he wrote a Constitution for a new, abolitionist government with freedom for all people.

http://blog.bearstrong.net/max256/uploaded_images/Santa-Fe-Trail---1940---Raymond-Massey-as-John-Brown-702526.jpg

A scene from the movie The Santa Fe Trail.How do you think this movie portrays John Brown?

http://www.suite101.com/view_image.cfm/

Brown met Harriet Tubman in Canada.He respected her and called her “General Tubman.”She agreed to help him fight the war.

<a href="http://www.nubiangraphics.com"><img src="http://i233.photobucket.com/albums/ee270/NubianGraphics1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_brown_abo.jpg

He continued to make speeches about his plan to fight for freedom.

Rich abolitionists gave John Brown money.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/secretsiximages.html

Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe Thomas Wentworth Higginson Theodore Parker

Franklin Sanborn Gerrit Smith George Luther Stearnshttp://www.wpclipart.com/money/money_bag_green.png

Why did John Brown need money to stop slavery?

http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/090421/GAL-09Apr21-1916/media/PHO-09Apr21-158900.jpg

http://www.civilwar.si.edu/slavery_brown8.html

This is a pike.

http://blog.cleveland.com/nationworld_impact/2009/06/large_John-Brown-pike-Dennis-Frye-052009.jpg

http://www.kshs.org/cool3/graphics/pikelg.jpg

With some of the money, John Brown paid for 1,000 pikes in 1858.

He also bought 200 rifles.

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/image.php?rec=484&img=132

1. Go to Harpers Ferry, Virginia, where the army had a lot of weapons.

2. Cut off train and telegraph communication.3. Capture weapons from the army’s rifle

factories and the armory.*4. Get support from Virginia slaves to fight

slavery.

His plan:

*armory: storage place for weapons

http://education.ucdavis.edu/NEW/STC/lesson/socstud/railroad/images/jbrown.jpg

After starting the battle in Virginia, Brown expected many slaves would escape to join the fight for freedom.

http://www.civilwar.si.edu/slavery_brown4.html

Painting of John Brown by Ole Peter Hansen Balling (1823–1906)Oil

on canvas, circa 1873

In spite of a price on his head, John Brown liberated 12 Negroes from Missouri plantations.http://www.arts.wa.gov/public-art/legend-of-john-brown/Artwork16.html

There was gossip about John Brown’s plans, so he returned to Kansas.He joined a group that went into Missouri and freed twelve slaves. He lead the slaves on a 1,000 mile journey to freedom in Canada.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion/state_information/images/us_map.g

sIn the summer 1859, John Brown went to Virginia to begin the war.

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/map1.gif

John Brown decided to start the war in the town of Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2009/06/harpers_ferry_park_offers_free.html

Why did Brown choose to start the war in Harpers Ferry?

http://www.historyofwar.org/Maps/century_1_115_harpers_ferry.gif

Reason #1: Since the 1700s, the US army had rifle factories in Harpers Ferry.He wanted to capture the weapons to support his army.

http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/208759/page/1

Reason #2: Brown believed his army could hide easily in the mountains surrounding Harpers Ferry.

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jb

In June, 1859, John Brown rented this farm owned by the Kennedy family near Harpers Ferry.He told his neighbors that his name was Isaac Smith.He used the farm as the meeting place to begin the war.


The Kennedy farmhouse today.

http://johnbrown.org/images/housebefore33.jpg

http://jaredfrederick.blogspot.com/2009/10/150-years-later.html

http://teacherlink.org/content/social/elementary/jb/jbrown1.gif

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/family1.gif

Brown asked his wife, Mary Ann, to come to Virginia, but she refused to leave their home in New Elba, New York.

John Brown’s son, Oliver, and his wife, Martha came to the farm.They hoped the neighbors would believe they were an ordinary family.

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/obwife.gif

Brown’s daughter, Annie, came also.

July 3, 1859, John Brown stocked an old barn with guns and ammunitions. He was ready to strike his first blow at slavery.


One of Brown’s men sent rifles and pikes to the farm in boxes labeled “Hardware” and “Bibles.”

Annie Brown and Martha watched out for nosey neighbors.

“When I washed dishes, I stood at the end of the table where I could see out of the window and open door if any one approached the house.”


During July and August, men secretly arrived. They stayed inside all day.They came out to practice at night when no one could see them.

Smithsonian

In August, 1859, Brown met with Frederick Douglas in southern Pennsylvania.Brown tried very hard to convince Douglas to join his plan to start a war.

In the summer of 1859, Brown met with Frederick Douglas in southern Pennsylvania.Brown tried very hard to convince Douglas to become involved in his plan.Douglass refused to participate. He said Brown’s plan was

suicide.

“I at once opposed the measure. It would be an attack upon the federal government and array the whole country against us. All his descriptions of the place convinced me that he was going into a perfect steel trap, and that once in he would never get out alive.”

<a href="http://www.nubiangraphics.com"><img src="http://i233.photobucket.com/albums/ee270/NubianGraphics1

Harriet Tubman was sick and unable to help.

Brown expected a lot men to join his war.Only 21 men came to the farmhouse.

Twenty-one men joined John Brown's army in Harpers Ferry.The men were African American and white,

rich and poor, born free and born in slavery,college students and three of John Brown’s sons.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/brownsarmy.html

Shields Green Dangerfield Newby Lewis Leary Osborne Anderson John Copeland

John H. Kagi Watson Brown Oliver Brown Owen Brown Aaron Stevens

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/jbrownjr.gif

Edwin Coppoc Barclay Coppoc Francis J. Merriam Charles Tidd

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/jbrownjr.gif

Owen Brown Oliver Brown Watson Brown

http://www.johnbrown.org/provisionalarmy.htm

Shields Green Dangerfield Newby John Copeland, Jr.

Osborne Perry Anderson

Lewis Sheridan Leary

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/map1.gif

The men discussed the plan.


1. Go to Harpers Ferry, Virginia, where the army had thousands of weapons.

2. Cut off train and telegraph communication.3. Capture weapons from the army’s rifle factory.4. Get support from Virginia slaves.5. Get support from all slaves to stop slavery in the

slave states.



2. Cut off train and telegraph communication.3. Capture weapons from the army’s rifle factory.4. Get support from Virginia slaves.5. Get support from all slaves to stop slavery in the

slave states.



2. Cut off train and telegraph communication.3. Capture weapons from the army’s rifle factories.4. Get support from Virginia slaves.5. Get support from all slaves to stop slavery in the

slave states.



2. Cut off train and telegraph communication.3. Capture weapons from the army’s rifle factories.4. Get support from Virginia slaves to fight slavery.

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/hfcolor.gif

A View of Harpers Ferry



Harper's Ferry, at the time of John Brown's raidA newspaper illustration of Harper's Ferry, at the time of John Brown's raid.Date: 1859


http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/may/harpers-ferry-virginia.jpg


http://www.vacation2usa.com/i2_Harpers_Ferry_seen_from_Maryland_side_of_Potomac_River_s.jpg

A View of Harpers Ferry Today


On Sunday, October 16, 1859, John Brown with a company of 21 men, white and black, marched on Harpers Ferry.


http://www.drawger.com/johnhendrix/?section=articles&article_id=7770

At first, the plan to raid Harpers Ferry worked perfectly.


They successfully cut the telegraph wires and easily captured the armory.

At midnight, the raiders kidnapped some slave owners and freed their slaves.One of the hostages was Lewis Washington, a great-grand-nephew of President George Washington.http://www.wvculture.org/history/jbexhibit/bbsph05-0068.html

Problems began when a train entered town around 1:00 A.M.

Hayward Shepherd, a free African American man train station worker, warned the passengers about the raiders.

Brown’s men shouted at Shepherd to stop, but he did not.Brown’s men shot Shepherd.

The first man killed by John Brown’s group was a free African American.

http://www.jsfmusic.com/Uncle_Tom/Image20.gif

After five hours, Brown allowed the train to leave.

http://www.jsfmusic.com/Uncle_Tom/Image20.gif

The train arrived in Baltimore. Early Monday morning, the conductor sent his supervisor a telegram:

Monocacy, 7.05 A. M., October 17, 1859.

Express train bound east, under my charge, was stopped this morning at Harper's Ferry by armed abolitionists.

They have possession of the bridge and the arms and armory of the United States.

Myself and Baggage Master have been fired at, and Hayward, the colored porter, is wounded very severely, being shot through the body, the ball entering the body below the left shoulder blade and coming out under the left side.

People in Harpers Ferry found out about the raid.Around 7:00 A.M., farmers, shopkeepers and the militia got together.They began shooting the raiders.By 10:00 A.M, they surrounded John Brown and his men.

There was no place for John Brown and his men to escapeAround 3:00 PM, Monday afternoon, the raiders were forced to hide in the Engine House, a small building.


http://z.about.com/d/afroamhistory/1/0/x/2/johnbrown4.jpg

http://photos.igougo.com/images/p67853-Harpers_Ferry-John_Browns_Fort.jpg

The Engine House

Both sides shot each other.There was shooting all day.

http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/curriculum/socialstd/MH/Brown_Raid.JPG

John Brown held Harpers Ferry for 12 hours. His defeat was a few hours off.



http://rwor.org/i/180/JohnBrown3.jpg

http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/pendleton/pendl146.jpg

Oliver Brown was wounded. He begged his father to kill him and end his suffering. Brown said, "If you must die, die like a man." A few minutes later he was dead.


To Eugenia Burton, Enfield, EnglandOctober 17, 1859Monday afternoon4 o'clock

Oh my dear friend such a day as this. Heaven forbid that I should ever witness such another.

Last night a band of ruffians took possession of the town, took the keys of the armory and made Captive a great many of our Citizens. I cannot write the particulars for I am too Nervous. For such a sight as I have just beheld. Our men chased them in the river just below here and I saw them shot down like dogs. I saw one poor wrech [sic] rise above the water and some one strike him with a club he sank again and in a moment they dragged him out a Corpse. I do not know yet how many are shot but I shall never forget the sight. They just marched two wreches [sic] their Arms bound fast up to the jail. My dear husband shouldered his rifle and went to join our men May god protect him. Even while I write I hear the guns in the distance I heard they were fighting down the street.I cannot write any more I must wait and see what the end will be.

—M.E. Mauzy

Mary E. Mauzy lived in Harpers Ferry. She wrote this letter to her daughter in England that Monday.

citation?

The U.S. Marines arrived in Harpers Ferry late at night on Monday, October 17.They surrounded Brown and his men.They ordered John Brown to surrender, but he refused.

http://smith.mn/massey/santafe.jpg

I prefer to die here.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/John_brown_interior_engine_house.jpg

John Brown’s Day of ReckoningJohn Brown and many of his followers waited in a fire engine house for reinforcement by a swarm of ‘bees’ –slaves from surrounding area. But only a handful showed up.

citation?

On Tuesday morning, October 18, at 7:00 AM, the marines broke down the doors of the engine house.

http://www.loudounhistory.org/graphics/history-photos/john-brown-raid.jpg

http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/john-brown-raid.jpg

The marines captured Brown and the men in three minutes.

http://beallairestate.info/kidnapped.html

A modern artist recreates the capture of John Brown by Lieutenant Israel Greene.


Bringing the prisoners out of the engine house at Harper's Ferry


Shields Green Dangerfield Newby Lewis Leary Osborne Anderson John Copeland

John H. Kagi Watson Brown Oliver Brown Owen Brown Aaron Stevens

killed in the raid captured and executed escaped

These men escaped:

Brown's son Owen,

Charles P. Tidd, Barclay Coppoc, Francis J. Merriam, and free African American

http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/208817

Osborne P. Anderson.


Shields Green Edwin Coppock John Copeland

These men were captured, tried in court and hanged:

John Brown

http://americanpicturelinks.com/Slavery.htm

Frederick Douglass was afraid that the police would think he was involved in the Harpers Ferry attack.He immediately left for Canada. In November, he sailed from Canada to England.

http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/208760

Burying dead insurgents after Harpers Ferry Insurrection.A sketch of the dead Harpers Ferry insurgents being buried.Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 1859

ttp://www.vahistorical.org/johnbrown/raid_govwise.htm

Governor Wise, of Virginia and District Attorney Ould Examining the Wounded Prisoners in the Presence of the Officers, the Reporter of the N.Y. Herald and Our Special Artist [Albert Berghaus]

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 29 October 1859

Brown and the survivors went to jail and waited for their days in court.

After Brown's raid in Harper's Ferry, the state of Virginia imprisoned him in Charlestown.

This is the lock and key from the door to his cell.

After his capture, he was restrained with shackles and this collar and handcuffs.

This noose was used to execute Brown on December 2, 1859.

photograph by Michael Keller

http://www.wvculture.org/museum/civilwar2.html

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/prison.gif

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/brownwounded.jpg

Brown, a wounded prisoner(Harper’s Magazine)

http://www.famsf.org/fam/

education/publications/guide-american/slide-15.html

The Trial of John Brown

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/brown/trial.jpg

The Trial of John Brown, at Charlestown, Virginia, for Treason and Murder. Sketched by Porte Crayon (David Strother)

A stricken John Brown is depicted in the center of the courtroom. 1859. Historic Photo Collection, Harpers Ferry National Historic Park.

http://www.family-images.com/wv/WV%20CHARLES%20TOWN%20JOHN%20BROWN%20ARRAIGNED.jpg

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/browntoprison.jpg

Brown carried from court to prison.

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-oldwest/JohnBrown1859-500.jpg

http://teacherlink.org/content/social/elementary/jb/jbrown1.gif

John Brown made speeches in court and wrote a lot of letters while he was in jail.

Americans all over the country read about him in the newspaper.

On December, 1859, the trial concluded.John Brown was declared guilty and sentenced to death by hanging.

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/family1.gif

Mary came to visit her husband the day before his execution.They spent four hours together.

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/lastmoments.jpg

The Last Moments of John Brown, by Thomas Hovenden

http://z.about.com/d/afroamhistory/1/0/0/3/johnbrown7.jpg

ttp://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibit

http://www.sai.msu.su/cjackson/p/pippin1.jpg

John Brown Going to His Hanging

http://www.museumsyndicate.com/item.php?item=5242

John Brown's Day of ReckoningAt the gallows, Brown told a guard, "Don't keep me waiting...Be quick."

http://www.johnbrowncominghome.com/images/johnbrown14.jpg

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John Brown was found “Guilty of treason and murder in the 1st degree” and was hanged in Charles Town, Virginia on December 2, 1859.


The Hanging of John BrownThe French artist and writer, Victor Hugo, drew this picture in 1860.Europeans were disappointed that Americans chose to execute a man whose goal was to free slaves. http://www.vahistorical.org/johnbrown/after_hanging.htm

http://americanpicturelinks.com/Slavery.htm

“I could live for the slave, but he could die

for him.”

http://z.about.com/d/afroamhistory/1/0/y/2/johnbrown5.jpg

John Brown’s grave in North Elba, New York

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/browngravecolor.jpg


John Copeland

John Copeland was hanged on December 16. Before his execution, he said this:

I am dying for freedom.I could not die for a better cause. I had rather die than be a slave.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/BrownMemorial1911.png

http://www.nybooks.com/galleries/david-levine-illustrator/1970/dec/03/john-brown/

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http://search.barnesandnoble.com/John-Browns-Raid-on-Harpers-Ferry/Jason-Glaser/e/9780736862066

http://www.intpubnyc.com/Images/JohnBrownCover.gif

http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/online/johnbrown/detail3.html

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/John-brown-song-cs-hall-1861-librofcongress.gif

http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/12/01/opinion/02opedimg.html

"Marching On" — the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Colored Regiment Singing John Brown's March in the Streets of Charleston, February 21, 1865http://www.vahistorical.org/johnbrown/after_marchingon.htm

John Brown Test:

Write an essay with three paragraphs.

t Write a paragraph about John Brown's life. (5 sentences)t Write about the war Brown started. (4 sentences)t Was John Brown a crazy terrorist? Was he a freedom fighter? Choose one opinion. Support your answer with reasons. (5 sentences)

Email your essay: [email protected] Monday, March 25, 2013.

Fin

Education

John Brown