Juvenile Justice

Juvenile Justice

Should we have one system for handling juvenile and adult offenders?

What should the system look like? What should this system do for juvenile

offenders? What kinds of crimes do juvenile offenders

commit?

Juvenile Justice System

1.Police

2.Intake

3.Shuman

4.Juvenile Court

5.Placements

Juvenile & Adult Responsibility

Juvenile who commit crimes should be treated “as juveniles” and not “as adults”.

Detention facility Penalties Purpose/ theory At what age?

Juvenile Justice System

There are three fundamental concepts that define the Juvenile Justice System:

Parens Patriae Second Chance Theory BARJ (Balanced & Restorative Justice)

Parens Patriae

Guardianship The family is responsible for raising and

supervising children. If the child is incorrigible or commits a crime

Juvenile Court (state)will provide the structure and supervision necessary to raise the child properly.

Balanced & Restorative Justice (BARJ)

Community, victim, and offender should receive balanced attention.

All three should gain tangible benefits from their interactions with the juvenile justice system

Guiding philosophy of Juvenile Justice today. Promotes maximum and equal involvement of:

a. victim, b. the offender, c. and the community in the justice process.

Balanced & Restorative Justice (BARJ)

Three components include: 1.Accountability- an obligation to the victim Restoration of losses Examples include: community service, restitution, apology letters,

victim awareness curriculum 2.Community Protection- right to a safe and secure community and

protection from the offender. Examples: curfew, day treatment, no contact orders 3.Competency Development- offenders leave system capable of

being productive members of the community. Examples: anger management classes, mental health and drug &

alcohol evaluations, school grades,attendance, behavior

Match the Terma. Adult b. Juvenile c. Both

1. Adjudication 2. George Junior 3. Jail 4. Guilty verdict 5. Trial 6. Rehabilitation 7. Adjudicated delinquent 8. shuman

9. Arrest 10.petition 11. 18 year old 12. Indeterminate

sentence 13. 2 to 5 year sentence 14. Bail 15. Punishment

What Terms Are Used In Juvenile Court?

Adult Punishment Court of Common Pleas Crime Arrest County Jail Criminal Complaint Guilty Plea Trial Verdict of guilty Sentence Determinate

Juvenile Rehabilitation Family Court Delinquent Act Shuman Custody Petition Admission Adjudication Delinquent Disposition Indeterminate sanction

What is a Juvenile Delinquent?

Juvenile Justice Who is a juvenile (delinquent)?

Who is a juvenile (delinquent)? At what age is someone too young or too old to be considered a juvenile? Age of the (criminal) offense 10-17 Under 21 and committed an act of delinquency before reaching the age of 18 Juvenile jurisdiction beyond 17 to 18-20 years old. Detainer can be placed on 18 year olds. Youth can be on juvenile and adult probation at the same time. Juvenile court has no jurisdiction over a juvenile accused of murder. Criminal

homicides automatically go to adult court. Youth may be de-certified to juvenile court. Act 33- 15-17 year old who has committed the following crimes: rape, robbery,

voluntary manslaughter, aggravated assault, attempted murder

Juvenile Probation Officer

Prepares a case history, of the youth to be presented to the Juvenile Court Judge.

Makes recommendation to judge at the disposition.

Monitors and counsels the youth if he/she is released back to the community..

Visits youth at placement.

Juvenile Court History

1899-1933

the first court hearing all juvenile cases is established in Chicago, Illinois

1933- the first juvenile court is established in Pittsburgh.

School Based Probation

1. Probation officers serve as advocates for the offender. (T/F)

2. PO’s provide a report to the judge after the adjudication. (T/F)

3. The PO is a neutral third party that meets with the offender and provides a report to the judge. (T/F)

4. ___Probation a. no charges filed, 3-6 months, no court

5. ___Consent decree b. charges filed, suspended, 6 to 12 months

6. ___Extended service contract c. record, adjudicated delinquent, indefinite

7. _____ is the maximun age for an offender to be on juvenile probation.

8. The typical offender is ( Male/female ) who has committed a ____ offense.

9. List two duties of a school based PO.

10. What is EHM? EHM is used in place of _____ .

11. PO ‘s have the power issue arrest warrants and do drug screenings for any students on their case load. (T/F)

12. I was surprised to learn that:

13. I would like to learn more about:

What are the Basic Steps in the Juvenile Court System?

Construct a flow chart that illustrates the steps in the Juvenile Justice system from arrest to aftercare.

Identify the events/ procedures that occur at each step in the JJS.

Due process is a fundamental part of the juvenile justice process.

1. Police/ Arrest

Arrest or apprehend on the street or at school

based upon probable cause Release to parents Process and divert youth to

Shuman or County Jail May be fingerprinted/

photographed Can be taken to the station and

processed or identified.

PO can take youth “into custody” (arrest)

Violation of probation PO sanction

2. Shuman

Red Brick Inn The Shu (shoe) University of Personalities Detention until hearings are

completed & youth is sent to a placement

Serves same purpose as adult jails

3. Intake

Screening process conducted by PO Juvenile must commit a crime to be detained at Shuman

center. Status offenses cannot be used as a basis for detention. Parents cannot send/ drop off a child at Shuman. PO considers the “least restrictive environment’ possible

for the offender.

4. Detention Hearing

Intake officer decides: Detention at Shuman center Home with family

Due process requirement: 72 hours Bail is not a constitutional right for juveniles What is bail? Guarantee to show up for your hearing. If you are

unable to post bail, you will be incarcerated (jail).

5. Petition

• A petition is a formal criminal complaint.• Due process requirement- 24 hours• Filed by police officer or someone who believes

the juvenile has committed a delinquent act (crime).

The petition must state the following information: The facts which bring the child to court, The name, date of birth of the child, The name, and address of the parent or guardian.

Shuman Detention Center

Two parts: detention units and school Detain until hearings are completed and youth is

sent to placement Temporary detention Locked down 24/7 Serves same purpose as jail for adults Unit is your home Attend school

Honors Unit

Resident’s Room

Resident’s Room

6. Main Juvenile Court Hearings

Adjudication (Trial)

Disposition (Sentencing)

6A. Juvenile Court HearingAdjudication

Juvenile court is located in the former county jail building.

Similar to an adult “bench” trial Hearing is open to all parties involved in

the alleged incident. Open to the public when:

14 years or older & felony 12 years or older & murder,

manslaughter, aggravated assault, arson, rape robbery, vehicle robbery

Youth has an attorney to represent them during the hearing.

Burden of proof- beyond a reasonable doubt

6B. Disposition

The court will balance the needs of the offender with the obligation to protect the community.

Judge decides the sentence (disposition) that the juvenile will receive.

Based upon the presentence report (juvenile’s social,psychological, family, school background) submitted by the probation officer.

7. Placements

List three examples of juvenile court placements:

Academy day & evening programs

George Junior Republic New Castle YDC Boot Camp

9. After Care

Supervision by a probation officer who counsels the juvenile on educational, job vocational choices

Youth coming from a placement?

Requires 3 months @ academy then probation

Juvenile JusticeA success?

At case closing, 77% of offenders paid restitution in full.

• A total of $155,911 in restitution was paid.

• At case closing, 98% completed all of their community service hours.

• 69,653.5 community service hours were completed.

• Only 11% of offenders recidivated while under court supervision.

• Only 5% of offenders appeared in court for a probation violation.

• At case closing, 86% of offenders were attending educational/vocational programs.

Juvenile Justice Process

1.___Delinquency Prevention Programs 2.___Adjudication 3.___Placement (Boot Camp) 4.___Shuman Center 5.___Disposition 6.___Arrest 7.___intake 8.___Petition

Adult Criminal or Juvenile JusticeSystems

1. Punishment 2. petition 3. Arrest 4. Guilty verdict 5. Adjudication 6. Trial 7. beyond a reasonable doubt 8. Bail 9. Shuman 10. delinquent

11. Jail 12. Disposition 13. Court of Common

Pleas 14. Jury trial