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Copyright 2011 by WebAIM, used with permission. "Introduction to Web Accessibility" was presented at the Center for Health Literacy Conference 2011: Plain Talk in Complex Times by Jared Smith, Associate Director, WebAIM.Description: This training session will teach the principals of Web accessibility and demonstrate how users with disabilities interact with Web technologies. Participants will also learn about the legal guidelines and international standards for website accessibility compliance.
Citation preview
A Principles-Based Approach to Web
Accessibi l ityJared Smith
http://webaim.org
Test Questions
1. True, False, or I don’t know
My web content is currently accessible.
2. The five main categories of disabilities affected by Internet accessibility barriers are...
3. Web accessibility is easiest to implementA. As the culminating step after user testsB. As an integral part of the design processC. By creating an alternative versionD. After receiving a complaint by a person
with a disability
4.Which of the following is cited most regarding inaccessible web sites?
A. I wasn’t aware of the problemB. Accessibility will hinder the look/feel/
functionalityC. I didn’t know how to make it accessibleD. We don’t have the budget to make it
accessible
5. True or False
Accessible web design benefits only a small percentage of the population.
Accessibility
“Development of information systems flexible enough to
accommodate the needs of the broadest range of users...
regardless of age or disability”
8.5% of the population has a disability that affects computer use
The Evolution of Web Accessibility Guidelines
•WCAG 1.0 (1999)
• Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (2001)
•WCAG 2.0 (2008)
WCAG 1.0
• Finalized in 1999
•Checkpoint driven
• Priority 1, 2, and 3 (Level A, AA, and AAA)
• Specific to HTML
Section 508
•Legalistic - easy to verify compliance
•Applies to federal government
• Very limited in scope. The de facto standard.
•Many states have adopted the guidelines.
•Currently being updated
WCAG 2.0
• Finalized December 2008
• Principles Based
•Technology Agnostic
•Maintains Levels (A, AA, and AAA)
Americans with Disabilities Act
• Pre-dates the web
• “Places of public accommodation”
•Current proposal to expand ADA to include the web
Your site can be compliant, yet inaccessible
Your site can be technically accessible, yet functionally inaccessible
Web Accessibility
... it’s not rocket surgery!
... but don’t bite off more than you can chew.
POUR
POUR
erceivableperablenderstandableobust
Ensure POUR content across disability types
Vision - blind, low-vision, color-blindDeaf and Hard-of-hearingMotorCognitiveSeizure
POUR
erceivableperablenderstandableobust
Perceivable
Perceivable - Auditory Disabilities
•Captions for video & live audio
•Text transcripts for all audio content
Perceivable - Visual Disabilities
• Web pages are linear
• Use meaningful links. Avoid “click here”.
• Alternative text for non-text elements
• Page is readable and functional at a minimum of 2X zoom and 2X font size
Perceivable - Visual Disabilities
• Associate text labels with form elements
• Associate data cells to row/column headers
• Sufficient contrast - http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
• Ensure that meaning is not conveyed with color alone
You’ve won the lottery! Press the GREEN button to accept your prize and the RED
button to decline.
You’ve won the lottery! Press the GREEN button to accept your prize and the RED
button to decline.
The green mushrooms listed here are OK to eat. The red mushrooms will kill
you.
• Amanita
• Chanterelle
• Porcini
• Shitake
• Tylopilus
http://colorfilter.wickline.org/
The green mushrooms listed here are OK to eat. The red mushrooms will kill
you.
• Amanita
• Chanterelle
• Porcini
• Shitake
• Tylopilus
• Amanita
• Chanterelle
• Porcini
• Shitake
• Tylopilus
http://colorfilter.wickline.org/
Vitally Important Textvs.
POUR
erceivableperablenderstandableobust
Operable
Who does this affect?
• Motor disabilities
• Fine motor control and use of a mouse
• Repetition and fatigue
• Control over timing or moving elements
Be careful with flashing/strobing images
• More than 3 times in any one-second period
• Size, brightness, and red threshold
• Annoying rule
• WARNING: This page can cause seizures - fletchowns.net/what.html
Operable• Ensuring keyboard accessibility
• Don’t remove focus indicators
• Ensure links are clearly distinguishable
• Logical reading/navigation order
• Consistent navigation elements
Operable• Allow user to skip over repetitive and/
or lengthy lists of links
• Error-prevention and recovery mechanisms
• Give user the control over time-sensitive changes
Secret of Everlasting Happiness
Secret of Everlasting Happiness
Please finish reading this text – it will give you the secret to
everlasting happiness. The secretis simple, all you need to do is to stop worrying about the key to everlasting
happiness and enjoy the moment.
Secret of Everlasting Happiness
Sorry! Time’s up!Better luck next time!
Separate content/functionality from visual design
Web Developer Toolbar for Firefox
FAIL!
Can you have too much accessibility?
Direct users to content
POUR
erceivableperablenderstandableobust
Understandable
Who does this affect?
•Cognitive disabilities
• Largest disability group. Larger than all the others put together.
• Everyone!
• Because users vary greatly, we’ll focus on generic recommendations
Understandable•Be careful with movement and
other distracters
• Semantic organization (headings, lists, etc.)
•Be consistent.
• Strive for brevity. Use the simplest language possible.
Understandable
•Focus the user’s attention
• “Chunk” and/or simplify content
•Balance cognitive load vs. funtionality
Understandable
Understandable
POUR
erceivableperablenderstandableobust
Robust
Robust
Robust
Robust
Robust
POUR
erceivableperablenderstandableobust
wave.webaim.org
Thank You!Jared Smith
http://webaim.orgWeb based forums
E-mail discussion listTutorials, articles, and resources
BlogAccessibility Reference Guide