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Pagoda Characteristics
• Japan is mostly volcanic rock, so most of the pagodas are wood.
• Similar to Chinese temples, but more richly decorated.
• Built to withstand both earthquakes and island storms.
• Always feature curved roofs.• Built in 616 A.D. the Pagoda at Horyuji is the
oldest wooden structure in the world.
Story Scrolls
• The illustrations stressed realism and action.• The scenes are read, or unrolled, from right to
left.• “The Burning of the Sanjo Palace” is nearly 23
feet long.• It tells the story of a night attack on the palace
in 1159 A.D. in which the emperor was taken prisoner.
Sculpture
• Japanese sculpture tend to highly “stylized”.
• The subject shown in the artwork usually fits with its surroundings. A Zen Buddhist temple will feature statues of the Buddha, while a castle will be “protected” by statues of guard dogs, samurai and guardian deities.
Woodblock Prints
• These are made by carving an illustration into a sheet or block of wood, inking the surface, and printing on paper.
• A separate carving must be made for each color, but they must be perfectly identical so everything lines up precisely.
• As a result, woodblock print illustrations tend to be far less complex than paintings and drawings.
Utilitarian art
• Utilitarian art is art that has a practical use. Anything in your home that has a specific use, but is decorated to be more attractive, is utilitarian.
• Japanese screens are used to provide more privacy in the home.
• Some are wood, others are made of silk or paper.
Sea of Japan
Ishikari R.
Korean
Straits
Pacific Ocean
Inland Sea
Tone R.
Shinano R.
Kitani Mts.
Kitakami Mts.
Mikuni
Mts.
Chugoku
Mts.Kyushu
Mts.Mt. Fuji
Kanto Plain
Nobi PlainOsaka
Plain
Ishikari Plain
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikuku
Kyushu
Okinawa
RussiaChina
N. Korea
S. Korea
Sapporo
Hiroshima
Kobe Tokyo
Nagasaki
Kyoto
YokohamaNagoya
Osaka
ShinkansenShinkansen::
Bullet TrainBullet Train
Bullet Train Bullet Train National LinesNational Lines
Travel
Global Tectonic PlatesGlobal Tectonic PlatesJapan -- On the “Fire RimJapan -- On the “Fire Rim
of the Pacific”of the Pacific”
Ginza Ruins After The Great Kanto Ginza Ruins After The Great Kanto Earthquake -- Tokyo, 1923Earthquake -- Tokyo, 1923
Over 100,000 dead!Over 100,000 dead!
Kobe Earthquake -- January 17, 1995Kobe Earthquake -- January 17, 1995
► 7.2 Richter 7.2 Richter scalescale
► 5,500 deaths5,500 deaths
Tsunamis – Tidal WavesTsunamis – Tidal Waves
Rice Farmer’s Farmhouse:Rice Farmer’s Farmhouse:Okutsu Town, Okayama PrefectureOkutsu Town, Okayama Prefecture
ShintoShintoShintoShinto
PolytheismPolytheism
AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship
Hyper-Nationalism
Hyper-Nationalism
The Worldof the kami
The Worldof the kami
Minimizesin &guilt
Minimizesin &guilt
Great
CreatorGreat
Creator
Union of Izanami & Union of Izanami & IzanagiIzanagi
Wedded Rocks at Futami no Ura
Wedded Rocks at Futami no Ura
Hot Sand Bath at Takegawara Onsen, Beppu
Hot Sand Bath at Takegawara Onsen, Beppu
Origins in the Nara Period (710-794)Origins in the Nara Period (710-794)
Noh TheaterNoh Theater
TraditionalTraditionalWeepingWeepingGestureGesture
Woman Heavenly-beingWoman Heavenly-beingDemonnessDemonness
Old Man WarriorOld Man Warrior Demon Demon GodGod
Haiku : 17-syllable poem
Haiku : 17-syllable poem
Matsuo BashoMatsuo Basho, Master of , Master of HaikuHaiku
Spring departs.Spring departs.Birds cryBirds cry
Fishes' eyes are Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.filled with tears.
Ikebana : The Art of Japanese Flower
Arranging
Ikebana : The Art of Japanese Flower
Arranging
e Tallest Tallest Heaven Heaven
e Middle Middle Man Man
e Smallest Smallest Earth Earth
Yamato Period: 300-710Yamato Period: 300-710Yamato Period: 300-710Yamato Period: 300-710
“Great Kings” era“Great Kings” era
Began promoting the adoption of Chinese Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:culture:
Confucianism.Confucianism. Language (Language (kanjikanji characters). characters).
Buddhist sects.Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture.Chinese art & architecture.
Government structure.Government structure.
Began promoting the adoption of Chinese Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:culture:
Confucianism.Confucianism. Language (Language (kanjikanji characters). characters).
Buddhist sects.Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture.Chinese art & architecture.
Government structure.Government structure.
Prince Shotoku: Prince Shotoku: 573-621573-621Prince Shotoku: Prince Shotoku: 573-621573-621
Adopted Chinese culture and
Confucianism.
Buddhist sects allowed to
develop.
Created a new government structure:
17 Article Constitution
in 604.
Heian Period: 794-1156Heian Period: 794-1156Heian Period: 794-1156Heian Period: 794-1156CharacteristicsCharacteristics::
Growth of large landed estates.Growth of large landed estates. Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China
flourished. flourished. Elaborate court life [highly refined] Elaborate court life [highly refined]
ETIQUETTE. ETIQUETTE. Personal diaries Personal diaries
e The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon by Sei Shonagon [10c][10c]
Great novelGreat novele The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by by Lady MurasakiLady Murasaki
Shikibu Shikibu [1000 pgs.+] [1000 pgs.+] Moving away from Chinese models inMoving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. religion, the arts, and government.
CharacteristicsCharacteristics:: Growth of large landed estates.Growth of large landed estates.
Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China flourished. flourished.
Elaborate court life [highly refined] Elaborate court life [highly refined] ETIQUETTE. ETIQUETTE.
Personal diaries Personal diaries e The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon by Sei Shonagon
[10c][10c] Great novelGreat novel
e The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by by Lady MurasakiLady Murasaki Shikibu Shikibu [1000 pgs.+] [1000 pgs.+]
Moving away from Chinese models inMoving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. religion, the arts, and government.
Heian Period:Heian Period:Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing
Heian Period:Heian Period:Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing
1.1.Chinese writing.Chinese writing.
2.2.Chinese artistic styles.Chinese artistic styles.
3.3.Buddhism [in the form of Buddhism [in the form of ZEN].ZEN].
4.4.BUT, not the Chinese civil BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! service system!
1.1.Chinese writing.Chinese writing.
2.2.Chinese artistic styles.Chinese artistic styles.
3.3.Buddhism [in the form of Buddhism [in the form of ZEN].ZEN].
4.4.BUT, not the Chinese civil BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! service system!
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
Tale of GenjiTale of Genji ( (first novel)first novel)Tale of GenjiTale of Genji ( (first novel)first novel)
Tale of GenjiTale of Genji Scroll Scroll(first novel)(first novel)
Tale of GenjiTale of Genji Scroll Scroll(first novel)(first novel)
Lady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote
with Chinese characters, kanji.
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote
with Chinese characters, kanji.
Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
Feudal Feudal SocietySocietyFeudal Feudal SocietySociety
The emperor The emperor reigned, but did reigned, but did not always rule!not always rule!
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan:Japan:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan:Japan:
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
Code of Code of BushidoBushidoCode of Code of BushidoBushido
* Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
* Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual SuicideSeppuku: Seppuku:
Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
It is honorable to die in this way.
It is honorable to die in this way.
Early Mounted Early Mounted Samurai WarriorsSamurai WarriorsEarly Mounted Early Mounted
Samurai WarriorsSamurai Warriors
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH CLOUTA COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest
was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONOA SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)
BILLOWING BILLOWING PANTALOONS,PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe,
fitted loosely in the legs to
allow freedom of movement
STURDY STURDY SHINGUARDSSHINGUARDS
of cloth or leather were reinforced
with strips of iron to give protection
from the front
AN EXQUISITE AN EXQUISITE BROCADEBROCADE, richly worked with a
design of peonies, was one of the
extravagant materials used in
an armor robe that may have
been made for a 14th Century
imperial prince
Modern-Day “Samurai Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”Warriors”
Modern-Day “Samurai Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”Warriors”
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service.
Europe:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service.
Europe:
King
Lord Lord
Knight Knight Knight
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
Code of Code of ChivalryChivalryCode of Code of ChivalryChivalry
* Justice
* Loyalty
* Defense
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
* Justice
* Loyalty
* Defense
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior
vs.vs.
Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors
Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism
A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism,
which came from India through
China.
It reinforced the Bushido values of
mental and self-discipline.
Mongol“Invasion
s”of Japan
Mongol“Invasion
s”of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
► Shoguns fought for power.
Laws are unclear.
Less efficient than the Kamakura.
Armies of samurai protected the country.
The Age of the Warring States:
(1467 - 1568)
The Age of the Warring States:
(1467 - 1568) Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above to below.
Europeans arrive in Japan bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign trade flourish.
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.
Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.
Catholic Jesuits in Catholic Jesuits in JapanJapan
Catholic Jesuits in Catholic Jesuits in JapanJapan
St. Francis Xavier[First Catholic Missionaries in Asia][First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]
St. Francis Xavier[First Catholic Missionaries in Asia][First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]
Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)
Becomes suspicious of European
territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries
expelled from Japan.
Tries to invade Korea, but fails.
First Christian Martyrs First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in (1597): Shrine in NagasakiNagasaki
TodayToday
First Christian Martyrs First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in (1597): Shrine in NagasakiNagasaki
TodayToday
Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)(1543-1616)Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)(1543-1616)
Appointed shogun by Appointed shogun by the Emperor. the Emperor.
Four-class system Four-class system laid down with laid down with
marriage restricted marriage restricted to members of the to members of the
same class! same class! Warriors.Warriors.
Farmers.Farmers.
Artisans.Artisans.
Merchants.Merchants.
Tokugawa Shogunate PeriodTokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese].
The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.
Domestic trade flourishes. Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
Merchant class becomes rich! New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki
theater.
Japan Changes Direction Japan Changes Direction During the During the
Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912
Japan Changes Direction Japan Changes Direction During the During the
Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912
Commodore Matthew Perry
1853 – Commodore Matthew 1853 – Commodore Matthew PerryPerry
“Opens Up” Japan to “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!Western Trade!
1853 – Commodore Matthew 1853 – Commodore Matthew PerryPerry
“Opens Up” Japan to “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!Western Trade!
What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??
Coaling stations.
More trading partners.
A haven for ship-wrecked
sailors.
The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854
The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854
Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!
In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the
situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…
The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no
more than a colony of Great Britain and France.
China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”
After the Opium War of 1839-1842, Japan was convinced that it had to
Open Up to the West.
The The Shi-shiShi-shi (“Men of High (“Men of High Purpose”)Purpose”)
The The Shi-shiShi-shi (“Men of High (“Men of High Purpose”)Purpose”) Highly idealistic Highly idealistic samuraisamurai who felt that the who felt that the
arrival of Westerners was an attack on arrival of Westerners was an attack on thethe
traditional values of Japan. traditional values of Japan.
They believed that:They believed that:
Japan was sacred ground.Japan was sacred ground.
The emperor, now a figurehead inThe emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God. Kyoto, was a God.
Were furious at the Shogun for signing Were furious at the Shogun for signing treatiestreaties
with the West without the Emperor’s with the West without the Emperor’s consent.consent.
Their sloganTheir slogan Revere the Emperor, ExpelRevere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians! the Barbarians!
The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868 A powerful A powerful
groupgroup of of samuraisamurai
overthrow the overthrow the Shogun. Shogun.
Sakamoto Sakamoto RyomaRyoma,,
the hero. the hero.
He helped He helped JapanJapan
emerge from emerge from feudalism into feudalism into
aa unified modern unified modern
state. state.
The Shogunate Is The Shogunate Is Overthrown!Overthrown!
The Shogunate Is The Shogunate Is Overthrown!Overthrown! The last
Shogun.
Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
The Emperor Is “Restored” The Emperor Is “Restored” to Powerto Power
The Emperor Is “Restored” The Emperor Is “Restored” to Powerto Power
MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”
Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?
Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened
Modernization Modernization by by
“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”
Modernization Modernization by by
“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”
Popular board Popular board game.game.
Start by leavingStart by leaving Japan & studying in Japan & studying in
various Western various Western capitals. capitals.
End by returning toEnd by returning to Japan and Japan and becoming abecoming a prominent prominent governmentgovernment
official. official.
EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods
EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods
Europe began Europe began toto
“loom large” in “loom large” in
the thinking of the thinking of many many
Japanese.Japanese.
New sloganNew slogan:: Japanese Japanese
Spirit;Spirit; Western Western
Technology! Technology!
The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed
with Western Styleswith Western Styles
The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed
with Western Styleswith Western Styles
Civilization and Enlightenment!Civilization and Enlightenment!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!
Japanese soldiers with their wives.
The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress
The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress
Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko (1868- 1912) (1868- 1912)
Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions
Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions
1900 Styles1900 Styles The FirstThe First“Miss Japan”“Miss Japan”
(1908)(1908)
MeijiMeijiReforRefor
msms
MeijiMeijiReforRefor
msms
AbolitionAbolitionof the of the
feudal systemfeudal system
AbolitionAbolitionof the of the
feudal systemfeudal system
LandLandRedistributionRedistribution
LandLandRedistributionRedistribution
Human Rights Human Rights & Religious& Religious
FreedomFreedom
Human Rights Human Rights & Religious& Religious
FreedomFreedom
Build aBuild aModern NavyModern Navy
(British)(British)
Build aBuild aModern NavyModern Navy
(British)(British)
WesternizeWesternizethe Schoolthe School
SystemSystem(Fr. & Ger.)(Fr. & Ger.)
WesternizeWesternizethe Schoolthe School
SystemSystem(Fr. & Ger.)(Fr. & Ger.)
Modernize Modernize the Armythe Army(Prussian)(Prussian)
Modernize Modernize the Armythe Army(Prussian)(Prussian)
EmperorEmperorWorshipWorship
IntensifiedIntensified
EmperorEmperorWorshipWorship
IntensifiedIntensified
WrittenWrittenConstitutionConstitution(Germans)(Germans)
WrittenWrittenConstitutionConstitution(Germans)(Germans)
ModernModernBankingBankingSystemSystem
ModernModernBankingBankingSystemSystem
A Constitutional GovernmentA Constitutional GovernmentCopied from the GermansCopied from the Germans
A Constitutional GovernmentA Constitutional GovernmentCopied from the GermansCopied from the Germans
Satsuma & Choshu Families
Satsuma & Choshu Families
The Emperorof Japan
The Emperorof Japan
The Diet(Legislative Body)
The Diet(Legislative Body)
House ofRepresentatives
House ofRepresentatives
House of PeersHouse
of Peers
1889 Constitutionof Japan
1889 Constitutionof Japan
ExpansionismExpansionism& the Rise of Military Power& the Rise of Military Power
ExpansionismExpansionism& the Rise of Military Power& the Rise of Military Power
New players on the New players on the block?block?
Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895
The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the Sino-Japanese WarSino-Japanese War
Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War
Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War
The The Treaty of ShimonosekiTreaty of Shimonoseki ended the ended the war.war.
Today—Tensions Between Today—Tensions Between China & JapanChina & Japan
Today—Tensions Between Today—Tensions Between China & JapanChina & Japan
EEZEEZ-Exclusive -Exclusive EconomicEconomic Zone. Zone.
Offshore gas field in Offshore gas field in the East China Sea the East China Sea
reveals recently reveals recently strained relations strained relations between China & between China &
Japan.Japan.
Tension over disputedTension over disputed gas field on the rise, gas field on the rise, exacerbating mutual exacerbating mutual
mistrust dating back to mistrust dating back to the Sino-Japanese War. the Sino-Japanese War.
The Russo-Japanese War:The Russo-Japanese War:1904-19051904-1905
The Russo-Japanese War:The Russo-Japanese War:1904-19051904-1905
The The Battle of TsushimaBattle of Tsushima::The results startled the world!The results startled the world!
President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace
President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace
The The Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth, NH ended , NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.the Russo-Japanese War.
Japan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in China
Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the
HorizonHorizon
Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the
HorizonHorizon
The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”