Yellowstone National Park

GeysersHistory

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History and Culture

Human History

• In 1872 a country that had not yet seen its first centennial, established Yellowstone as the first national park in the world.

• The human history of the Yellowstone region goes back more than 11,000 years. From then until to the very recent past, many groups of Native Americans used the park as their homes, hunting grounds, and transportation routes. Culture

Places• Early after Yellowstone Park was

established, the U.S. military assisted in protecting and administering the park.

• For the decade after 1872 when Yellowstone National Park was established, the park was under serious threat from those who would exploit, rather than protect, its resources.

• In 1910, at the height of the Army's presence in Yellowstone, there were 324 soldiers stationed here - plus some families and numerous civilian employees.

Culture

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• For Yellowstone, the historic period begins in the late 18th century. In the park, historic archeology includes the remains of early tourist hotels, Army soldier stations, and historic period Native American sites.

• The Yellowstone National Park Archives preserves and makes accessible the history and science of the world's first national park.

• Yellowstone's Records details the official records of the administration and operation of the Park. The records are generally organized by function.

• The Yellowstone Research Library serves the park staff, volunteers and members of the general public.

Culture

Some of the Geysersand Geothermal Features

• Abyss Pool• Azure Spring• Beehive Geyser• Big Cone• Black Pool• Chromatic Spring• Grand Prismatic Sprin

g• Lion Geyser

• Morning Glory Pool• Old Faithful• Opal Pool• Sapphire Pool• Splendid Geyser• Turquoise Pool• West Triplet Geyser• Young Hopeful Geys

er

Abyss PoolAbyss Pool has a depth of 53 feet. The pool erupted for the first time in recorded history between

August 1987 and September 1991 and again between December 1991 and June 1992. The eruptions were between 30 feet and 100 feet high. Since 1992, the pool has returned to its non-eruptive state. Geysers

Azure SpringAzure Spring is a hot spring in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. The water temperature in the spring is 79°C (174°F).

Beehive GeyserEruptions of Beehive Geyser last about 5 minutes and are 200 feet (61 m) high. The

fountain maintains its full height for the duration of the eruption. As of summer 2009 Beehive was having predictable eruptions every 11 to14 hrs.

Big Cone Big Cone is a 23 feet wide sinter cone that rises from Yellowstone Lake about 23 feet from the shoreline. The vent of the cone is 31 inches wide. At times of increased water level in the lake, the cone may be submerged completely.

Black Pool• The pool was cool enough up

until 1991 for dark orange-brown cyanobacteria to grow throughout the pool. When combined with the blue of the water, the pool appeared to be an exceptionally dark green to almost black, hence the name.

• Black Pool remains extremely hot, and is now one of Yellowstone's most beautiful and intensely blue pools. The name of the pool remains "Black Pool”

Chromatic Spring

It is connected to the nearbyBeauty Pool. When the water level in one of the two pools rises and overflows, the water level in the other decreases. These fluctuations in water level take place over periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. During this energy shift, the temperatures can change about 10°F. Its temperature ranges from

164°F to 175°F.

Grand Prismatic Spring

• The Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone National Park is the largest hot spring in the United States, and the third largest in the world.

*It’s named for its striking coloration. Its colors match the rainbow dispersion of white light by an optical prism: red, orange, yellow, green, and blue.

Lion Geyser*It was namedfor the roaringsound of steam releasing during an eruption.

*Eruptions can reach 90 feet (27 m) and last from 1 to 7 minutes.

*Lion is the largest of the Lion Group which includes Little Cub Geyser and the currently

inactive Big Cub and Lioness geysers.

Morning Glory• The distinct color of the pool is due to bacteria which

inhabit the water. On a few rare occasions the Morning Glory Pool has erupted as

a geyser, usually following an earthquake or other nearby seismic activity.

• Several entryways have been clogged due to objects being thrown in by tourists, reducing the

hot water supply, and in turn altering the overall appearance of the pool.

Old Faithful

• Old Faithful was named in 1870 during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition and was the first geyser in the park to receive a name.

• It is also known as one of the most predictable erupting almost every 91 minutes.

Opal Pool

• Opal Pool usually has a temperature of approximately 132 °F.

• In 2005 Opal completely drained, but refilled as a vivid green pool in 2008.

• The first recorded eruption of Opal Pool was in 1947, recurring in 1949, 1952 and 1953, then ceasing. Eruptions resumed in 1979, happening at least once in most following years.

Sapphire Pool• Ranked overall #14 in Yellowstone National Park.

• Sapphire Pool is located in Biscuit Basin in Yellowstone National Park. The pool got its name from the biscuit-shaped deposits that were found around it.

Splendid Geyser

Splendid Geyser is part of the Daisy Group. Its eruptions are infrequent and unpredictable, unless it is active. When it does erupt, its fountain can reach a height of 200 feet . Eruptions are

more likely if a storm front reduces barometric pressure and lowers the boiling point of water around the geyser. Eruptions last between 1 and 9 minutes.

Turquoise Pool• Turquoise Pool is a hot

spring in the Midway Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Turquoise Pool has a temperature between 142 and 160 °F and was named by members of the Hayden Expedition of 1878.

West Triplet Geyser

• West Triplet Geyser is 85 feet south of Grand Geyser. Its activity is related to that of Grand and Rift geysers. West Triplet erupts to a height of about 10 feet, usually during grand's

quiet periods. Before 1947 it displayed

regular activity, erupting about every

three hours.

Young Hopeful Geyser• Young Hopeful is a collection of several vents which,

depending on the seasonal water table, erupt either continuously or intermittently. The vent nearest Firehole Lake have gone dormant

while the ones near the boardwalk trail have become more active. The two largest vents often reach about 2 feet but sometimes surge to 6 feet.

For more information please visit:• www.wikipedia.org• www.nps.gov

The park also offers a variety of lodging options. Personal note: Old Faithful Inn is the best!

Yellowstone National Park