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Chapter 8: Communicating Clearly
Objectives
• Explain how you use communication in your daily life.
• Describe different types of communication.
• Use speaking and listening skills that will help you send and receive clearer messages.
• Explain the five levels of communication.
• Discuss the four communication zones.
• Describe blocks to communication.
• List ways to improve your communication skills.
The Role of Communication
• Communication is a two-part process used to exchange information.
• Nearly every task you do and every goal you reach is affected by it.
• Strong communication skills are needed to do many types of jobs.
• Employers will not hire people who cannot speak and write well.
Verbal Communication
• Verbal Communication – Communication that involves words.
• This process is used to share a message between two or more people.
• The sender is the person who begins the process by initiating the conversation, phone call, letter, or e-mail.
• The receiver is the one who gets the message and decides what it means.
• The process is completed when the receiver replies to the message.
E-mail and the Internet
• Using e-mail and other message formats on the Internet are efficient and fun ways to communicate.
• Review your message before sending it.
• Consider other people’s time when sending messages.
• Always use good writing skills when composing a message.
What is an I-Message?
• Not accusing are not belittling
• Use these to take responsibility for how you feel
• These messages are less threatening and help keep lines of communication open
What is a You-Message?
• Often used but more negative than an I-message
• Creates confrontation when you do not mean to
• Accusing and belittling
What is a We-Statement?
• Offers a further step in improving communication particularly in families
• These indicate the problem existing in a group or relationship
• Minimize individualistic aspects of a problem and emphasize togetherness
Nonverbal Communication• Nonverbal
Communication –Communication that involves factors other than words.
• Body Language – Facial expressions, posture, gestures, and other body movements used as means of nonverbal communication.
• Sometimes you send nonverbal messages even when you do not intend to communicate.
Mass Media and Art
• Mass Media are the forms of communication used to send messages to large numbers of people.
• Radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, and billboards are all designed for mass communication.
• Another type of communication that reaches many people is art.
Techniques for Effective Communication• Feedback – All verbal and
nonverbal clues that tell what message the receiver received.
• Speakers must say exactly what they want their listeners to hear.
• Slang – Informal language made up of words that do not have standard meanings.
• Active listening – Asking questions and restating ideas to be sure a spoken message has been clearly understood.
Levels of Communication
• 1st Level – Small Talk
• It involves no sharing of yourself.
• 2nd Level – Telling Facts
• You may discuss your background, interests, and skills.
• 3rd Level – Expressing Ideas
• You express some of your ideas and let others know about yourself.
• 4th Level – Sharing Feelings
• You begin to share more of your thoughts and feeing's but you may still guard what you say.
• 5th Level – Being Completely Honest
• People at this level can share all their feelings and ideas.
Communication Zones
• Communication Zones – Four progressively greater distances around a person at which he or she feels comfortable dealing with others.
• The intimate zone is the space within two feet of the body and you are very aware of people who are in this zone.
• The personal zone is between two and three feet away from the body.
• The social zone is the space between one and three yards distance from the body.
• The public zone begins three yards from the body and extends outward.
Communication
• Constructive Communication –Communication that helps build relationships.
• Destructive communication –Communication that harms relationships.
Barriers to Communication
• People with Communication Limitations – Not everyone is able to speak clearly or hear well and some people have disabilities that limit their communication skills.
• Fears – Some people do not receive messages because they are afraid of what they might hear.
• Distractions – These include random movements, noises, and comments that keep people from focusing on the main topic.
• Mixed Messages – These messages might cause confusion, such as a person’s words might send one message, while his or her body language sends an opposite message.
• Gripes – These are complaints that are a third block to communication . To make themselves feel better, people complain.
Barriers to Communication Cont.• Closed Minds – People who have
closed minds believe their way of thinking or doing is the only way.
• Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Racism –
• A prejudice is an option formed without knowledge. Some people hold prejudices about those who are different, perhaps because they are afraid.
• A stereotype is the false belief that all members of a given group are the same people.
• Racism is the belief that members of one race are superior to all other races.
Terms to Know
• Empathy – Process of seeing things from another person’s view.
• Cliques – A narrow, exclusive group of people held together by common interests.
• Mediator – Third party that helps resolve conficts.
Terms to Know Cont.
• Hazing – A social groups intentional infliction of physical and emotional abuse.
• Bullying – Refers to infliction of physical, verbal, or emotional abuse.
• Sexual Harassment –Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors for other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature.
Ways to Improve Communication
• Think before you speak.
• Listen before responding.
• Keep an open mind.
• Use I-Messages when seeking the facts.
• Avoid giving mixed messages.
• Recognize different meanings to your messages.
• Refuse to tell biased jokes or laugh at those other people tell.
• Practice speaking, writing, and active listening.