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IONIC LIQUIDS: GREEN SOLVENTS FOR THE FUTURE

MRUDANG THAKOR & SANDIP DAVE

OUR TARGET…AS A CHEMIST

Is the development

&

commercialization

of industrial

process that are

economically

feasible & reduce

the risk to human

health & the

environment

Is the design of

chemical product &

process that

reduce or

eliminate the use

& generation of

hazardous

substances.

Are separation

process that

consider both

local & non-local

economic &

environmental

costs for which

viable alternatives

can be proposed &

potentially

implemented.

GREEN ENGINEERING

GREEN SOLVENT

GREEN SEPERATION

Flourus

phases Supercritical

fluid Ionic Liquid

Green Separation: Green Solvent

What is Ionic Liquid (IL) ?

Salts with melting point close or below room temperature , hence called RTILs.

Salts with melting point lower than 300C

Entirely made up of equal number of positive &

negative ions.

So, entire system is neutral.

PROPERTIES OF RTILs

A salt Cation and or anion quite large

Freezing point Preferably below 100°C

Liquidus range Often > 200°C

Thermal stability Usually high

Viscosity Normally < 100 cP, workable

Dielectric constant Implied < 30

Polarity Moderate

Specific conductivity Usually < 10 mScm-1, “Good”

Molar conductivity < 10 Scm2 mol-1

Electrochemical window > 2V, even 4.5 V, except for Brønsted acidic

systems

Solvent and/or catalyst Excellent for many organic reactions

Vapor pressure Usually negligible

Ionic Liquids

Vapour Pressure

Melting Point

Viscosity

Miscibility with water

Thermal Decomposition

SALIENT

FEATURES

They have small or negligible vapour pressure 1

Higher thermal decomposition point 2

Ecological Solvents 3 3

Unique solvent 4 4

Vapour Pressure of Ionic Liquids

Melting Points of ILs

Large range of temperature (-900C to 1500C)

Modulation of melting point with variation of anion &/or cation

size.

VISCOSITY OF ILs

They are usually more viscous than classical solvents.

One of the major demerit of ILs

Miscibility with Water

By changing the nature of ions, It is possible to change

miscibility with water.

Applications

IONIC

LIQUIDS

B

E

C

D

A Energy

Biotechnology

Industrial

Chemistry

Extraction &

Analytical

Techniques

Chemistry

APPLICATIONS

1

BIOTECHNOLOGY

2

ENERGY

3

CHEMISTRY

Enzyme catalysis

Protein Synthesis

Cellulose

Chemistry

Solar Cell

Battery Cell

Heat Storage

Heck Reaction

Suzuki Reaction

Diels Alder

Reaction

Friedel Crafts

Reaction

APPLICATIONS

4

INDUSTRIAL

CHEMISTRY

5

EXTRACTION

6

ANALYTICAL

TECHNIQUES

Membrane

Separation

Extraction of Bio-

Diesel

GC Stationary

Phase

MALDI

FEW EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS

CHEMISTRY

EXTRACTION

ENERGY EXTRACTION

7 8 9

FEW EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS

Model of CO 2absorption by an ionic liquid.

The model shows that the anions are

controlling absorption in ionic liquids. The

green units represent anions and the grey units

represent cations.

Ionic Liquids as potential solvents

As Solvent As Absorbent

FEW Magic fluids….examples…

HOW TO FORMULATE THIS MAGICAL LIQUID?

2) ACID BASE NEUTRALIZATION

1) ALKYLATION FOLLOWED BY METATHESIS

1) A

LK

YLA

TIO

N

FO

LLO

WE

D B

Y

ME

TA

TH

ES

IS ELEVATED TEMPERATURE & REFLUXING

SOLVENT APPROACH

MICROWAVE OR ULTRASONIC SYNTHESIS

ROOM TEMPERATURE “WAIT & SEE” SOLVENT FREE APPROACH.

QUATERNIZATION REACTION

SYNHESIS cont.…

QUATERNIZATION REACTION

ANIONIC EXCHANGE REACTION

CONCLUSION

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