Introduction to pharmacology

04/15/2304/15/23 Dr. Medani A.B. ,2006Dr. Medani A.B. ,2006

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacology :Pharmacology :- Is the branch of science that deal with - Is the branch of science that deal with

drugs . It is a detailed study of drugs , drugs . It is a detailed study of drugs , particularly their action on living tissues - particularly their action on living tissues - these actions may be beneficial or these actions may be beneficial or harmful – and their fate in the body . This harmful – and their fate in the body . This science provides the basis of therapeutics science provides the basis of therapeutics ..


Drugs :Drugs :

A drug is defined as any substance used A drug is defined as any substance used for the purpose of diagnosis , prevention , for the purpose of diagnosis , prevention , relief or cure of a disease . WHO defines relief or cure of a disease . WHO defines the word drug as a substance or product the word drug as a substance or product that is used or intended to be used to that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems modify or explore physiological systems or pathological status for the recipient .or pathological status for the recipient .


Pharmacognosy :Pharmacognosy :

It is the science that deals with natural It is the science that deals with natural drugs and their constituents .drugs and their constituents .


Pharmacy :Pharmacy :

It is the science of identification , It is the science of identification , selection , prevention , standardization , selection , prevention , standardization , compounding , proper utilization and compounding , proper utilization and dispensing of medicinal substances .dispensing of medicinal substances .


Pharmacokinetics :Pharmacokinetics :

It is what the body does to the drug . It is It is what the body does to the drug . It is the study of absorption , distribution , the study of absorption , distribution , biotransformation and excretion of drugs biotransformation and excretion of drugs and their relationship to pharmacological and their relationship to pharmacological response . It is the fate of drugs in the response . It is the fate of drugs in the body .body .


Pharmacodynamics : Pharmacodynamics :

It is what the rug does to the body . It is It is what the rug does to the body . It is the study of biochemical and the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action .mechanism of action .


Therapeutics :Therapeutics :

It is the application of knowledge of It is the application of knowledge of pharmacology in the prevention and pharmacology in the prevention and treatment of diseases .treatment of diseases .


Toxicology :Toxicology :

It is the science that deals with the It is the science that deals with the adverse effects of drugs given in large adverse effects of drugs given in large doses , measurement and detection of doses , measurement and detection of poisons ( substances that produce poisons ( substances that produce harmful , dangerous or fatal symptoms .) harmful , dangerous or fatal symptoms .) as well as treatment of poisoning are all as well as treatment of poisoning are all included in this science .included in this science .


Chemotherapy :Chemotherapy :

It deals with the effects of drugs on It deals with the effects of drugs on microorganisms and parasites , living and microorganisms and parasites , living and multiplying in another living organism . It multiplying in another living organism . It also includes the treatment of malignancy also includes the treatment of malignancy ..


Clinical pharmacology : Clinical pharmacology :

It is the scientific study of drugs in It is the scientific study of drugs in humans . It includes pharmacodynamics humans . It includes pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics investigations in and pharmacokinetics investigations in healthy volunteers and in patients ; healthy volunteers and in patients ; evaluations of efficacy and safety of evaluations of efficacy and safety of drugs and comparative trials with other drugs and comparative trials with other forms of treatment ; surveillance of forms of treatment ; surveillance of patterns of drug use , adverse patterns of drug use , adverse effects ..etc .effects ..etc .


Pharmacopoeia :Pharmacopoeia :

This field of study defines the standards This field of study defines the standards that the drugs and medicinal preparations that the drugs and medicinal preparations must meat and their average adult dose must meat and their average adult dose e.g. British Pharmacopeia (B.P.).e.g. British Pharmacopeia (B.P.).


Various sources of Various sources of drugs :drugs :

Animal sources e.g. insulin and thyroid hormones .Animal sources e.g. insulin and thyroid hormones . Plant sources e.g. morphine , reserpine and digoxin .Plant sources e.g. morphine , reserpine and digoxin . Microorganism e.g. antibiotics like penicillin and Microorganism e.g. antibiotics like penicillin and

streptomycin.streptomycin. Synthetic e.g. aspirin and sulphonamide .Synthetic e.g. aspirin and sulphonamide . Minerals e.g. liquid paraffin and kaolin .Minerals e.g. liquid paraffin and kaolin . Drugs produced by genetic engineering (DNA Drugs produced by genetic engineering (DNA

recombinant- tehnology )e.g. human insulin and recombinant- tehnology )e.g. human insulin and human growth hormones .human growth hormones .


Orphan Drugs :Orphan Drugs :

These are drugs ment for diagnosis , These are drugs ment for diagnosis , prevention or treatment of rare diseases prevention or treatment of rare diseases e.g. certain anticancer drugs , antiviral e.g. certain anticancer drugs , antiviral drugs , pentamidine ..etc.drugs , pentamidine ..etc.

Education

Introduction to pharmacology