introduction to networking

BS URDU

PRESENTATOIN TOPIC:

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING

#: 00923448832078

BS URDU

1:Muhammad Abdullah (12)

2:Jibran Manzoor (16)

3:Asif Ahmed (18)

4:Jameel Akhtar (25)

Introduction to Networking …..

Group Members:

Government Post Graduate College Mirpur Azad Kashmir

BS URDU

What is a Network?

Benefits of Computer Networks?

Workgroup Computing?

Groupware?

Terminal Computer?

NEXT

BS URDU

Server Computer?

Client-Server Model?

Peer-to-Peer?

Hybrid Model?

Types of Network Standard?

NEXT

BS URDU.pptx#5. Slide 5


BS URDU

De Facto Standard?

De Jure Standards?

What is network topologies?

Different types of Topologies?

NEXT



BS URDU

Bus Topology?

Star Topology?

Ring Topology?

Tree Topology?

Mesh Topology?

NEXT

BS URDU.pptx#43. Tree Topology:



Devices used to connect networks?

Router?

Gateway?

Bridge?

NEXT

BS URDU



BS URDU

Different types of networks?

LAN (Local Area Network)?

MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network)?

WAN (Wide Area Network)?

THANK YOU



BS URDU


Introduction to Networking

BS URDU


What is a Network?

A network consists of 2 or more computers connected together, and they can communicate and shareresources (e.g. information)

BS URDU

Benefits of Computer Networks

Some important uses of computer networks are as follows

Networks are used to access shared data.

Networks are used to share different devices such as printers and hard disks etc.

Networks are used to send Email with attachments of files etc.

Networks are used to communicate with different people all over the world easily.

One copy of software can be shared over a network by multiple users.


Benefits of Computer Networks

BS URDU


BS URDU

Workgroup Computing:

Workgroup is group of persons working together on a particular task by sharing information through a computer network. The process of sharing information by using a computer network is called workgroup computing


Workgroup Computing

BS URDU

Groupware:

Groupware is a software used for workgroup computing. It is used on computer network. The researcher can use to share information about different projects online.


Groupware

BS URDU

Difference between Terminal & Server Computer


BS URDU

Terminal Computer:

Every computer that is part of a computer network is called a terminal or node. The user using different terminal computers can share information and send or receive data from one terminal to another.


BS URDU

Server Computer:

A server is a computer that provides services to the computers and other computers in the network. Server computer is more powerful than other computers in the network.


BS URDU

Different Network models

There are three models of computer networks.

Client-Server Model

Peer-to-Peer Model

Hybrid Model


BS URDU

Client-Server Model:

In client-server model, one or more computer work as servers and other computers work with Clients. The server computer controls the whole network. It is used to store data and programs to be shared among different computers in the network.


BS URDU

Peer-to-Peer:

All computers in peer-to-peer model have same status. That is no server computer to control other computer. Each computer in this network can have access to the devices and files on the other computer. Each computer independently store its own software and information.


BS URDU

Hybrid Model

Hybrid model is a combination of Client-Server model and Peer-to-Peer model. Many networks use a mixture of both network models.


BS URDU

Types of Network Standard:

The two types of network standards are as follows:

De Facto standard

De Jure standard


BS URDU

De Facto Standard:

De facto means by tradition or by facts. These standards are developed without any planning. These standards come into existence due to historical development. These standards are still being used by organizations in the world.

SNA is an example of De Facto standards.


BS URDU

De Jure Standards:

De Jure means according to law or regulation. These standards are developed with proper research to fulfill the requirement of data communication.


De Jure Standards

BS URDU

What is network topologies?

A network can be configured or arranged in different ways. The physical layout or arrangement of connected devices in a network is called network topology. It is the shape of a network.


BS URDU

Different types of Topologies:

Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Star Topology

Tree Topology

Mesh Topology


BS URDU

Bus Topology:

Bus topology is the simplest type of network. It supports a small number of computers. In bus topology, all computers or network nodes are connected to a common communication medium. The medium is often a central wire known as Bus. Bus topology is mostly used in peer-to-peer networks.


Bus Topology

BS URDU

Star Topology:

All computers in star topology are connected with a central device called a hub. Star topology is mostly used in client-server networks.


Star Topology

BS URDU

Ring Topology:

In ring topology, each computer is connected to the next computer with the last one is connected to the first. Thus, a ring of computer is formed.


Ring Topology

BS URDU

Tree Topology:

A tree topology combines the characteristics of bus and star topologies. It consists of different groups of computers attached in star topology. The groups are then connected to a bus backbone cable. Tree topology is used for the expansion of an existing network.


Tree Topology

BS URDU

Mesh Topology

In a mesh topology, every device in the network is physically connected to every other device in the network. A message can b sent on different possible paths from source to destination. Mesh network are not used much in LAN. It is mostly used in WAN.


BS URDU

Devices used to connect networks:

Router

Gateway

Bridge


BS URDU

Routers:

A router is a device that connect multiple networks that use similar or different protocols. It manages the best router between any two communication networks.

Router are used when several networks are connected together. They transfer data in less time.


BS URDU

Gateway:

Gateway is a device that connects two or more networks with different types of protocols. Two different types of networks require a gateway to communicate with each other. It receive data from one network and convert it according to the protocol of other network.(LAN)


BS URDU

Bridge:

Bridge is a device that connect network segments. It is used to connect similar types of networks. When a bridge receive a signal, it reads the addresses of sending and receiving computers. If both computers are in the same segment, bridge does not pass the signal to the other segment.


BS URDU

Different types of networks:

LAN (Local Area Network)

MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network)

WAN (Wide Area Network)


BS URDU

LAN (Local Area Network):

LAN stands for Local Area Network. It is the most common type of network. Is covers a small area. It usually connects the computers and other devices within a one office or a building or group of buildings.


BS URDU

MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network):

MAN stands for Metropolitan-Area Network. This type of network covers an area of a city. MAN is larger than LAN but smaller than WAN. It is usually used to connect two or more LANs in a city or town.


Cable companyCoaxial

Cable

TV

PC

Cable

Drop

MAN

BS URDU

WAN (Wide Area Network):

WAN stands for Wide Area Network. This type of network covers a large area. It connects computers and other devices in different cities and countries. WAN usually consists of several LANs connected together.


BS URDU


Student Computer

Centre

Your home

USA

BS URDU


ASIF AHMED

BS URDUASIF AHMEDBS URDU

Education

introduction to networking