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Introduction to Facilitation
ADLT 612
February 9, 2009
Agenda – Class 9Developing Skills as a Group Facilitator
What is group facilitation?
Choosing Among Facilitator Roles
Key Features of the Skilled Facilitator Approach
A Group Effectiveness Model
Mental Models
Rules Governing Theories-in-Use
Model I Behaviors (unilateral control)
Model II Behaviors (mutual learning)
Nine Ground Rules for Effective Groups
Asking
Observing
GeneratingTellin
g Testing
Asserting
Explaining
Skillful Dialogue (Balancing Advocacy and Inquiry)
Dialogue
Bystanding
Sensing
Clarifying
Interviewing
AD
VO
CA
CY
INQUIRYLow
Asking
Observing
GeneratingTe
lling
Testing: “Here’s what I say, “What do you think of it?”
Asserting: “Here’s what I say and here’s why I say it.”
Explaining: “here’s how the world works and why I can see it that way.”
Skillful Dialogue (Balancing Advocacy and Inquiry): Genuinely curious, makes reasoning explicit, asks others about assumptions
Dialogue:Suspend allAssumptions, creating a “container” in which collectivethinking can emerge.
Bystanding: Making comments which pertain to the group process, but not to content.
Sensing: Watching the conversation flow without saying much, but keenly aware of all that transpires
Clarifying: “What is the question we are trying to answer?”
Interviewing:Exploring others’ points of view, and the reasons behind them
AD
VO
CA
CY
INQUIRYLow
Dictating: “Here’s what I say, and never mind why.”(dysfunctional)
Interrogating: “Why can’t you see that your point of view is wrong?”(Dysfunctional)
AD
VO
CA
CY
INQUIRY
Politicking: Giving the impression of balancing advocacy and inquiry, while being close-minded (dysfunctional)
Withdrawing: MentallyChecking out of the room, and not paying attention (Dysfunctional)
Dysfunctional Forms of Advocacy and Inquiry
Take action base on belief
Adopt beliefs
Draw conclusions
Make assumptions
Add meanings
Select data
Observable data and experience
Ladder of Inference
How Do You Apply the Ladder of Inference?
